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27 Cards in this Set
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Ten Percent Plan |
plan created by Abraham Lincoln that stated if ten percent of each rebellious state took a loyalty oath and approved the thirteenth amendment, they could rejoin the Union |
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Wade-Davis Bill |
in 1864, a bill proposed by Congress that stated if the majority of a rebellious state's white men took an oath of allegiance and a permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders, they could return to the Union. Vetoed by Abe Lincoln |
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Black Codes |
Laws passed by southern states after Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights of whites, punished small crimes of blacks, and tried to force blacks back to plantation labor systems |
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Freedmen's Bureau |
in 1865, government organization created to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees |
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Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
Legislation passed by Congress that nullified Black Codes and gave blacks the equal benefit of the law |
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14th Amendment |
in 1868, made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S. citizens |
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Reconstruction Act of 1867 |
divided the conquered South into five military districts, each under the command of a U.S. general. To reenter the Union, former Confederate states had to grant the vote to freedmen and deny it to leading ex-Confederates. |
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15th Amendment |
1869, forbade states to deny a citizen the right to vote on guard of race, color, or previous condition of servitude |
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American Woman Suffrage Association |
led by Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party, despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments. Stressed voting rights for African American men, and hoped it would soon be their turn. |
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National Woman Suffrage Association |
led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organizations on their own behalf. Focused on women's rights - denigrating men of color - and fought for women's suffrage. |
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Minor v. Happersett |
in 1875, a Supreme Court decision that said women were citizens, but state legislatures could deny them the right to vote, in argument with the 14th Amendment |
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Sharecropping |
landowners and impoverished African Americans divided the proceeds from crops harvest on the landowner's property, leaving some in long-term debt |
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Union League |
a secret fraternal order where black and white Republicans joined forces in the late 1860s that spread throughout the Confederacy, pressuring Congress to uphold justice for freedmen |
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scalawags |
Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction and were ridiculed by ex-Confederates as worthless traitors |
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carpetbaggers |
a name giving to northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction |
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convict leasing |
southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries, began to Reconstruction |
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Civil Rights Act of 1875 |
a law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations, irrespective of race |
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Freedman's Savings and Trust Company |
a private bank founded in 1865 that had worked closely with the Freedmen's Bureau and Union army across the South. When it failed in 1874, Congress refused to compensate its 61,000 depositors, including many blacks |
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classical liberalism |
the idea being that the less government does, the better, particularly in reference to economic policies such as tariffs and incentives for industrial development |
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laissez faire |
French for "leave alone". Used by classical liberals that the less the government does, the better, particularly in reference to the economy |
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Credit Mobilier |
a sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit. Organizers of the scheme protected it by giving away stock to powerful members of Congress |
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"Redemption" |
term used by southern Democrats for the overthrow of elected governments that ended Reconstruction in many parts of the South |
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Ku Klux Klan |
Secret society that undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War |
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Enforcement Laws |
passed in Congress in 1870, designed to protect freedmen's rights under the 14th and 15th Amendments. Largely succeeded in stopping KKK activites |
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Slaughter-House Cases |
begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the 14th Amendment to protect African Americans rights |
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U.S. v. Cruikshank |
Supreme Court decision that said voting rights were a state matter unless the state itself violated those rights |
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Civil Rights Cases |
1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875, rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decision that sanctioned segregation |
