History Ch. 15

Front 1

The four main social groups in Old Regime Europe were aristocratic elites, established churches, an urban labor force, and rural peasants.

Back 1

True

Front 2

People involved in the movement for social reform called the __________ were among the few who considered change desirable.

Back 2

enlightenment

Front 3

Peasants called for a restoration of customary rights because such rights

Back 3

provided them with access to particular lands and courts.

Front 4

The cities that grew most vigorously were capitals and ports.

Back 4

True

Front 5

A striking feature of the Old Regime was the

Back 5

contrasting experience of people of different social ranks.

Front 6

Jews lived in most nations and were allowed the rights and privileges of all other citizens.

Back 6

False

Front 7

The British nobility consisted of about __________ families.

Back 7

400

Front 8

In France there were about __________ nobles.

Back 8

400,000

Front 9

More than 75% of Europeans lived in the countryside.

Back 9

True

Front 10

Peasants rebelled against

Back 10

all of these things.

Front 11

Balkan peasants under the Ottoman Empire retained more independence than Eastern European serfs.

Back 11

True

Front 12

In preindustrial Europe, a __________ was a person – either male or female – who was hired, often under a clear contract, to work for the head of the household in exchange for room, board, and wages.

Back 12

servant

Front 13

In preindustrial Europe, the role of women was

Back 13

to contribute essential capital and labor to the household.

Front 14

The household mode of organization was known as the __________ economy.

Back 14

family

Front 15

Which of these factors encouraged English landlords to adopt technological innovations in agriculture?

Back 15

A steady increase in the price of grain.

Front 16

In 1700, approximately half the arable land in England was farmed by the open-field method. By the second half of the 18th century, the rising price of wheat encouraged landlords to consolidate or __________ their lands to increase production.

Back 16

enclose

Front 17

Persons in one class or occupation were forbidden by law from wearing clothes like those worn by their social superiors.

Back 17

True

Front 18

The single largest group in any city was composed of shopkeepers, wage earners, and __________.

Back 18

artisans

Front 19

The enclosure movement

Back 19

reflected the commercialization of agriculture.

Front 20

During the eighteenth century, which of the following was NOT a contributing factor to Britain's industrial development?

Back 20

Generally low taxes

Front 21

The single most important invention of the Industrial Revolution was the __________ engine, which – slowly, at first – found widespread application in a variety of industries.

Back 21

steam

Front 22

British reliance on charcoal helped iron production expand rapidly.

Back 22

False

Front 23

In the eighteenth century, poverty was

Back 23

worse in the countryside.

Front 24

The middle class was clearly defined.

Back 24

False

Front 25

Bread riots were

Back 25

all of thes things

Front 26

Which was NOT true of the nobility?

Back 26

The nobility were heavily taxed.

Front 27

The __________ was a separate community in which Jews were required to live.

Back 27

ghetto

Front 28

Between 1700 and 1850, Europe's population more than doubled.

Back 28

True

Front 29

Jews who __________ to Christianity gained political and social rights.

Back 29

converted

Front 30

The home of the Industrial Revolution was

Back 30

Great Britain.