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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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black gold
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coal
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Edwin L. Drake
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the first to drill for oil in the United States.
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Titusville, PA
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In 1859, oil was successfully drilled in Titusville, resulting in the birth of the modern oil industry.
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Bessemer Process
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industrial process for the manufacture of steel from molten pig iron
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Brooklyn Bridge
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one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States,
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William Le Baron Jenney
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made first skyscraper
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"Iron Horse"
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a train
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Professor C. F. Dowd
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???
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economic interdependence
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the division of labor
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Chicago stockyards
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???
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George M. Pullman
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the inventor of the Pullman sleeping car, and for violently suppressing striking workers in the company town he created, Pullman, Chicago.
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company town
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Pullman was known for , and for violently suppressing striking workers in the company town he created, Pullman, Chicago.
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Crédit Mobilier
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formed by George Francis Train, the vice-president in charge of publicity for the Union Pacific Railroad. The company was designed to limit the liability of stockholders and maximize profits from construction
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Andrew Carnegie
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Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who amassed a fortune in the steel industry and donated millions of dollars for the benefit of the public.
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mogul
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a very wealthy or powerful businessman
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U. S. Steel
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J. P. Morgan and Elbert H. Gary founded U.S. Steel in 1901 (incorporated on February 25) by combining the steel operations owned by Andrew Carnegie with Gary's Federal Steel Company and several smaller companies
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vertical integration
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united through a hierarchy and share a common owner. Usually each member of the hierarchy produces a different product or service, and the products combine to satisfy a common need.
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horizontal integration
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It is a strategy used by a business or corporation that seeks to sell a type of product in numerous markets
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Social Darwinism
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theory that competition between all individuals, groups, nations or ideas drives social evolution in human societies
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Herbert Spencer
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coining the phrase, "survival of the fittest
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William Graham Sumner
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His popular essays gave him a wide audience for his laissez-faire: advocacy of free markets, anti-imperialism, and the gold standard.
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Horatio Alger
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He wrote over 100 books for boys, the first, Ragged Dick, being published in 1867
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oligopoly
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an intermediate market structure between the extremes of perfect competition and monopoly
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Jacob Riis
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using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the less fortunate in New York City, which was the subject of most of his prolific writings and photographic essays
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How the Other Half Lived
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???
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Uriah Stephens
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He led nine Philadelphia garment workers to found the Knights of Labor
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Knights of Labor
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one of the most important American labor organizations of the 19th century. Founded by nine Philadelphia tailors in 1869 and led by Uriah S. Stephens
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An injury to one is the concern
of all! |
???
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Terence V. Powderly
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leading the Knights of Labor ("KoL"), a labor union whose goal was to organize all workers, skilled and unskilled, into one big union united for workers' rights and economic and social reform
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Samuel Gompers
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founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL)
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American Federation of Labor
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one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States
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collective bargaining
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a process of negotiation between management and union representatives for the purpose of arriving at mutually acceptable wages and working conditions for employees
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closed shop
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???
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* open shop
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???
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agency shop
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a place of employment where workers must pay union dues whether they are a member of a labor union or not.
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boycott
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the act of voluntarily abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with someone or some other organization as an expression of protest.
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black-listing
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A list of persons or organizations that have incurred disapproval or suspicion or are to be boycotted or otherwise penalized
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injunction
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a judicial process or order requiring the person or persons to whom it is directed to do a particular act or to refrain from doing a particular act.
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"yellow-dog" contract
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an agreement between an employer and an employee in which the employee agrees, as a condition of employment, not to be a member of a labor union
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scab
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slang for a person who works despite strike action
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International ladies' Garment
Workers Union (ILGWU) |
?
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"Uprising of the 20,000"
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New York shirtwaist strike of 1909
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Thomas Alva Edison
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created the first commercially practical incandescent lamp (with a carbon filament). For use with it he developed a complete electrical distribution system for light and power, including generators, motors, light sockets with the Edison base, junction boxes, safety fuses, underground conductors, and other devices
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George Westinghouse
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pioneer in introducing into the United States the high-voltage alternating current system for transmission of electricity
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Christopher Sholes
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invented the first practical typewriter and the QWERTY keyboard
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Alexander Graham Bell
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inventor of the telephone
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"Mr. Watson, come here! I need you!"
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first words spoken on the first telephone
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Granger Laws
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farmer's laws to establish maximum rate and prohibit discrimination
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Munn vs. Illinois
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states won the right to regulate the railroads for the benefit of farmers and consumers
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Interstate Commerce Act
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established the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities ans create the ICC
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Interstate Commerce Commission
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regulated the railroad rates
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Cornelius Vanderbilt
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railroad tycoon, controlled vast majority of rail lines
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JP Morgan and Co.
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large investment firm that reorganized the railroads
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monopoly
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one leader or corporation controlling the entire industry
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John D. Rockefeller
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founder and owner of Standard Oil Company
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holding company
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a company that owns part, all, or a majority of other companies' outstanding stock
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trust
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merging with competing companies, running seperate companies as one large corporation
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robber baron
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critics' nickname for major industrialists
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Standard Oil Company
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oil company created by Rockefeller, became a monopoly in the oil industry
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philanthropy
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spending money wisely, exemplified by Andrew Carnegie
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Gospel of Wealth
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an essay written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889 that described the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade
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Ida Tarbell
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one of the leading "muckrakers" of her day, work known in modern times as "investigative journalism." Wrote The History of the Standard Oil Company
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socialism
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general term for the political and economic theory that advocates a system of collective or government ownership and management of the means of production and distribution of goods
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Eugene V. Debs
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an American union leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), as well as five-time Socialist Party of America candidate for President of the United States
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communism
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a system of social organization in which property (especially real property and the means of production) is held in common
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Karl Marx
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a 19th century philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary; often called the father of communism, Marx was both a scholar and a political activist
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Friedrich Engels
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German socialist; with Karl Marx, one of the founders of modern Communism
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International Workers of the World
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an international union currently headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Wobblies
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nickname for members of the IWW
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William "Big Bill" Haywood
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one of the organizers of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
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Great Railroad Strike of 1877
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began on July 14 in Martinsburg, West Virginia, United States and ended some 45 days later after it was put down by local and state militias, as well as by federal troops
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Haymarket Riot
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outbreak of violence in Chicago on May 4, 1886. Demands for an eight-hour working day became increasingly widespread among American laborers in the 1880s. A demonstration, largely staged by a small group of anarchists, caused a crowd of some 1,500 people to gather at Haymarket Square. When policemen attempted to disperse the meeting, a bomb exploded and the police opened fire on the crowd. Seven policemen and four other persons were killed, and more than 100 persons were wounded
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Homestead Strike
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workers belonging to the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers struck the Carnegie Steel Company at Homestead, Pa. to protest a proposed wage cut
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Pinkertons
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private U.S. security guard and detective agency established by Allan Pinkerton in 1850
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Pullman Strike
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workers of the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago struck to protest wage cuts and the firing of union representatives
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arbitration
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the hearing and determining of a dispute or the settling of differences between parties by a person or persons chosen or agreed to by them
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In Re Debs
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a United States Supreme Court decision handed down concerning Eugene V. Debs and labor unions. Debs, president of the American Railroad Union, was involved in the Pullman Strike earlier in 1894 and challenged the federal injunction ordering the strikers back to work where they would face being fired. The injunction had been issued because of the violent nature of the strike
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anarchist
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a political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which reject compulsory government (the state) and support its elimination, often due to a wider rejection of involuntary or permanent authority
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Mary Harris "Mother" Jones
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One of the founders of the Social Democratic party (1898) and the Industrial Workers of the World (1905)
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Pauline Newman
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worker at Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
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Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
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the largest industrial disaster in the history of the city of New York, causing the death of 148 garment workers who either died from the fire or jumped to their deaths
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restraint of trade
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a common law doctrine relating to the enforceability of contractual restrictions on freedom to conduct business
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