History Ap Chapter 8 Flashcards

Front 1

Tecumseh

Back 1

was a Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy that opposed the United States during Tecumseh's War and the War of 1812.

Front 2

Louisiana Purchase

Back 2

was the acquisition by the United States of America of 828,800 square miles of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803.

Front 3

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Back 3

was the first United States expedition to the Pacific Coast. Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson and led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, the expedition had several goals.

Front 4

Barbary States (Barbary War)

Back 4

was the term used by Europeans from the 16th until the 19th century to refer to the Maghreb, the middle and western coastal regions of North Africa—what is now Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. The name is derived from the Berber people of north Africa. In the West, the name commonly evokes the Barbary pirates and slave traders based on that coast, who attacked ships and coastal settlements in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic and captured and traded slaves from Europe and sub-Saharan Africa

Front 5

Marbury v. Madison

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a landmark case in United States law and in the history of law worldwide. It formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. It was also the first time in the world that a court invalidated a law by declaring it "unconstitutional.

Front 6

Judicial Review

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the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review, and possible invalidation, by the judiciary. Specific courts with judicial review power must annul the acts of the state when it finds them incompatible with a higher authority

Front 7

Fletcher vs Peck

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The first case in which the Supreme Court ruled a state law unconstitutional, the decision also helped create a growing precedent for the sanctity of legal contracts, and hinted that Native Americans did not hold title to their own lands

Front 8

Jeffersonian Republicanism

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was an American political party founded in the early 1790s by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Political scientists use the former name, while historians prefer the later one; contemporaries generally called the party the "Republicans", along with many other names.

Front 9

John Randolph

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A quick thinking orator with a wicked wit, he was committed to republicanism and advocated a commercial agrarian society throughout his three decades in Congress. Randolph's conservative stance, displayed in his arguments against debt and for the rights of the landed gentry

Front 10

Aaron Burr

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was an important political figure in the early history of the United States of America. After serving as a Continental Army officer in the Revolutionary War, Burr became a successful lawyer and politician.

Front 11

John Quincy Adams

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was the sixth President of the United States (1825–1829). He was also an American diplomat and served in both the Senate and House of Representatives. He was a member of the Federalist, Democratic-Republican, National Republican,

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Peaceable Coercion

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the practice of forcing another party to behave in an involuntary manner (whether through action or inaction) by use of threats, rewards, or intimidation or some other form of pressure or force.

Front 13

Status of the Slave Trade

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the decline of the Atlantic slave trade in the 1820s caused dramatic economic shifts in local polities. The gradual decline of slave-trading, prompted by a lack of demand for slaves in the New World, increasing anti-slavery legislation in Europe and America, and the British Royal Navy's increasing presence off the West African coast

Front 14

Daniel Boone

Back 14

was an American pioneer, explorer, and frontiersman whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States

Front 15

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

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was fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, effectively ending the Creek War.

Front 16

Albert Gallatin

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was a Swiss-American ethnologist, linguist, politician, diplomat, congressman, and the longest-serving United States Secretary of the Treasury.

Front 17

Treaty of Ghent

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was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Front 18

Timothy Pickering

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was a politician from Massachusetts who served in a variety of roles, most notably as the third United States Secretary of State, serving in that office from 1795 to 1800 under Presidents George Washington and John Adams.

Front 19

John Marshall

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was the Chief Justice of the United States (1801-1835) whose court opinions helped lay the basis for American constitutional law while promoting nationalism and making the Supreme Court of the United States

Front 20

Election of 1800

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Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent president John Adams. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System.

Front 21

Non-Intercourse Act

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the collective name given to six statutes passed by the United States Congress in 1790, 1793, 1796, 1799, 1802, and 1834. The Act regulates commerce between Native Americans and non-Indians.

Front 22

Orders in Council

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a type of legislation in many countries, typically those in the Commonwealth of Nations. In the United Kingdom this legislation is formally made in the name of the Queen by the Privy Council (Queen-in-Council), but in other countries the terminology may vary.

Front 23

Jefferson’s presidential goals

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he wanted to reduce the national debt which few presidents accomplished, create a more peaceful time rather than times of war, did this by removing the standing army and sent them to academys so they could be better trained when needed

Front 24

Berlin and Milan Decrees

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to enforce the Berlin Decree of 1806 which had initiated the Continental System. This system was the basis for his plan to defeat the British by waging economic warfare. forbade the import of British goods into European countries allied with or dependent upon France, and installed the Continental System in Europe

Front 25

The Quids

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refers to various factions of the American Democratic-Republican Party during the period 1804–1812.

Front 26

War Hawks

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members of the Twelfth Congress of the United States who advocated waging war against the British in the War of 1812.

Front 27

John Calhoun

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was a leading politician and political theorist from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. A powerful intellect, Calhoun eloquently spoke out on every issue of his day, but often changed positions.

Front 28

Macon’s Bill Number Two

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which became law in the United States on May 1, 1810, was intended to motivate Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars.

Front 29

Embargo Act

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and the subsequent Nonintercourse Acts were American laws restricting American ships from engaging in foreign trade between the years of 1807 and 1812. They led to the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Britain.

Front 30

Andrew Jackson

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was the seventh President of the United States (1829–1837). Based in frontier Tennessee, Jackson was a politician and army general who defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans

Front 31

John Paul Jones

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was the United States' first well-known naval fighter in the American Revolutionary War. Although he made enemies among America's political elites, his actions in British waters during the Revolution earned him an international reputation which persists to this day.

Front 32

Jefferson’s stance on slavery

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Jefferson's antislavery views were explicitly expressed in his draft constitution for Virginia, which stated that enslaved children born in Virginia after December 31, 1800 would be free.

Front 33

Louisiana Government Bill

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created an appointed government for the territory and established a system for collection of taxes. In effect, Jefferson had authorized taxation without representation, the very thing that he had opposed in the American Revolution.

Front 34

William Henry Harrison

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Before election as president, Harrison served as the first territorial congressional delegate from the Northwest Territory, governor of the Indiana Territory and later as a U.S. representative and senator from Ohio.

Front 35

Francis Scott Key

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was an American lawyer, author, and amateur poet, from Georgetown, who wrote the lyrics to the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner".

Front 36

Chesapeake Incident

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also referred to as the Chesapeake Affair, which occurred on June 22, 1807, the British warship HMS Leopard attacked and boarded the American frigate Chesapeake.

Front 37

Hartford Convention

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was an event spanning from December 15, 1814–January 4, 1815 in the United States during the War of 1812 in which New England's opposition to the war reached the point where secession from the United States was discussed.