History Ap Chapter 5

Front 1

Trenton

Back 1

George Washington both won and lost a battle here during the American Revolution

Front 2

Saratoga

Back 2

turning point of war when continental army defeats Britain, this battle convinced the French to side with the colonists during the war which helped them evetually win

Front 3

Charleston

Back 3

major city in the colonies that is located in South Carolina, was captured by Britain and was were most loyalists had lived during the colonial period

Front 4

Camden

Back 4

Located in South Carolina, location of the worst American defeat of the Revolution

Front 5

Yorktown

Back 5

located in Virgina, last battle of the revolutionary war in which the Americans defeated General Cornwallis and he surrendered, therefore ending the war

Front 6

Valley Forge

Back 6

site of a military camp located in Pennsylvania in which Washington quartered his troops during the winter of 77-78

Front 7

General Cornwallis

Back 7

between 1762 and 1792, he was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. In the United States and the United Kingdom he is best remembered as one of the leading British generals in the American War of Independence. His surrender in 1781 to a combined American and French force at the Siege of Yorktown ended significant hostilities in North America.

Front 8

General Burgoyne

Back 8

Burgoyne is best known for his role in the American War of Independence as a leading british general. During the Saratoga campaign he surrendered his army of 5,000 men to the American troops on October 17, 1777. Appointed to command a force that would capture Albany and end the rebellion, Burgoyne advanced from Canada but soon found himself surrounded and outnumbered. He fought two battles at Saratoga

Front 9

General Howe

Back 9

was a British army officer who rose to become Commander-in-Chief of British forces during the American War of Independence.

Front 10

General Washington

Back 10

leader of the American troops during the revolutionary war and was known for being the 1st president of the United States after leading them to victory because of his war tactics as well as training and discipline

Front 11

Stamp Act

Back 11

required colonists to to purchase seals or stamps as a way to validate legal documents, passed to squeeze money out of Americans

Front 12

Sugar Act

Back 12

passed to pay fo national debt by Grenville and reduced the tax on molasses to reduce smuggling as well as other illegalities

Front 13

Virginia Resolves

Back 13

were a series of resolutions passed by the Virginia General Assembly in response to the Stamp Act of 1765. The resolves claimed that in accordance with long established British law, Virginia was subject to taxation only by a parliamentary assembly to which Virginians themselves elected representatives. Since no colonial representatives were elected to the Parliament the only assembly legally allowed to raise taxes would be the Virginia General Assembly

Front 14

Earl of Bute

Back 14

a Scot who it seemed was chosen as George lll cheif minister because of mainly their friendship

Front 15

Lord Rockingham

Back 15

became lord of treasury after Grenville removed, was young, inexperienced and got Parliament to repeal Stamp Act

Front 16

William Pitt

Back 16

the prime minister of England who led Britain to victory in the French and Indian war. helped repeal the Stamp Act

Front 17

Charles Townshend

Back 17

Pitts chancellor of the exchequer who passed the townshend revenue act

Front 18

Quartering Act

Back 18

required colonists to house British soldiers and provide army with candles, firewood, beer and many other goods.

Front 19

Lord Hillsborough

Back 19

Englands secratary for American affairs who had the Massachusetts circular letter rescind because he stated that it was an act of treason

Front 20

Thomas Hutchinson

Back 20

was the British royal governor of colonial Massachusetts from 1771 to 1774 and a prominent Loyalist in the years before the American Revolution.

Front 21

“Christian Sparta”

Back 21

an ideal of commonwealth in which vigilant citizens would constantly gaurd against the spread of corruption, degeneracy, and luxury

Front 22

committee’s of correspondence

Back 22

created by Samuel Adams, to communicate grievances to villagers throughout Massachusetts, it received broad support

Front 23

Tea Act

Back 23

lowered price of tea so colonists would buy more therefore saving the east India Company from bankruptcy but colonists saw it as favoritism of monopolistic company, protested by Boston tea party

Front 24

Gaspee Incident

Back 24

Rhode Islanders had burned a customs vessel due to the actions of commissioners

Front 25

Coercive Act

Back 25

passed to stop rebellion, closed the port of Boston until America paid taxex, restructured the massachusetts government so the upper house changed into an appointed body and town meetings could be held only once a year, and arrested british officials were sent back to England or Canada in which they were less likely to be convicted.

Front 26

Townshend Acts

Back 26

placed a duty on glass, lead, paint, tea, and paper hoping to generate enough to pay for the salaries of royal governors and other imperial officers, thus freeing them from dependence on the colonial assemblies

Front 27

Declaratory Act

Back 27

to show the repeal of stamp act wasnt weakness, a defense of parliamentary sovereignty over the Americans in all cases whatsoever It was ignored though by the colonists due to celebration over the repeal of the Stamp Act

Front 28

Prohibitory Act

Back 28

declared war on American commerce and stated colonists could not trade with rest of world until begged for pardon, British navy blockaded ports and seized American ships on seas

Front 29

Revenue Act of 1764

Back 29

Sugar Act, first act passed by Grenville as a way to both pay of national debt left from French and Indian War as well as reduce smuggling, bribery, and other illegalities that would prevent the navigation Acts from functioning by reducing the tax on molasses

Front 30

1st Continental Congress

Back 30

joined together to discuss the situation between Britain and America and they had first began to gain a sense of strength together as one, set the idea of rebellion

Front 31

2nd Continental Congress

Back 31

Second delegate meeting to discuss the creation of a new strong central leadership in government for the colonies and the formation of a colonial army that was chosen to be controlled by George Washington, talked much about declaring independence from Britain as well

Front 32

Patrick Henry

Back 32

was an orator and politician who led the movement for independence in Virginia in the 1770s. A Founding Father, he served as the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia from 1776 to 1779 and subsequently, from 1784 to 1786. Henry led the opposition to the Stamp Act of 1765 and is well remembered for his "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech

Front 33

King George III

Back 33

king of England, terrible ruler and crazy, never kept people in office and always removed them just cause he did not like them,

Front 34

Samuel Adams

Back 34

leader of the sons of liberty and led the repeal of the Stamp Act as well as the action of the Boston Tea party

Front 35

John Adams

Back 35

founding father who helped spread the idea and need for independence from Britain one of the top creators of the Dec. of Ind. along with Thomas Jefferson

Front 36

Thomas Paine

Back 36

one of the most influential people of the revolutionary concept based on his best selling pamphlet called Common Sense alon with American Crisis

Front 37

Common Sense

Back 37

a pamphlet made by paine as a way to show that America must break away from Britain and that we could win the war against them

Front 38

American Crisis

Back 38

was a series of pamphlets published from 1776 to 1783 during the American Revolution by 18th century Enlightenment philosopher and author Thomas Paine. The writings bolstered the morale of the American colonists, appealed to the English people's consideration of the war with America, clarified the issues at stake in the war and denounced the advocates of a negotiated peace.

Front 39

John Locke – “Two Treatises on Government”

Back 39

Locke had claimed that all people possessed natural and inalienable rights and in order to preserve these rights of life, liberty, and property, free men formed contracts. He also justified rebellion against arbitrary forms of government that were unreasonable

Front 40

Public Virtue

Back 40

It is defined as the sacrifice of self-interest to the public good. It became the dominant form of revolutionary political writing

Front 41

George Grenville

Back 41

the man who was put in charge of reducing England's debt. He passed the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and others, was eventually removed by the king

Front 42

“Sons of Liberty”

Back 42

a group of radical Americans led by Samuel Adams, emerged during the Stamp Act crisis and boycotted as well as protested every act that came about in the colonies

Front 43

The Massachusetts Circular Letter

Back 43

letter sent around to assemblies in which it asked how to thwart the townshend acts and it was called a form of treason and removed by Lord Hillsborough, he was removed and the letter came back again and the #92 became symbol of patriotism because 92 people had voted not to rescing the letter