History Ap Chapter 4 Flashcards

Front 1

Backcountry

Back 1

A region stretched around eight hundred miles from western Pennsylvania to Georgia.

Front 2

Great Awakening

Back 2

A sudden spontaneous series of protestant revivals which had a profound impact on the lives of ordinary people.

Front 3

Fort Duquesne

Back 3

Established after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle during the 1750s by the French army, the most formidable fort and was located in the Ohio Valley. Was abandoned in 1758 during the Seven Years’ War.

Front 4

King Georges War (Actually – every king’s or queen’s war in the chapter)

Back 4

Began in 1743, the colonists had scored a massive victory over the French in which they had captured a giant fortress, Louisbourg.

Front 5

Albany Plan

Back 5

Created by Benjamin Franklin, it was a blue print for a colonial union which envisioned the formation of a Grand Council.

Front 6

Albany Congress

Back 6

Made up of elected delegates to oversee matters of common defense, western expansion, and Indian affairs.

Front 7

Seven Years War

Back 7

Was also known as the French and Indian War which was fought from 1756 until 1763 when the Peace of Paris was signed, in which the French had lost to Great Britain

Front 8

Peace of Paris

Back 8

Ended the Seven Years War and gave Great Britain possession of the French empire resulting in an empire that stretched across the globe.

Front 9

George Whitefield

Back 9

A young inspired preacher from England who toured the colonies from New Hampshire to Georgia. He was an effective public speaker and kept the beliefs of the Great Awakening alive

Front 10

Jonathan Edwards

Back 10

He sparked the Great Awakening in a town called Northampton and preached to the people the beliefs of Calvinism

Front 11

Parliament

Back 11

Enforced the English Constitution and was the governing force of Great Britain and law. Passed many laws that restricted the colonists such as the Navigation Act

Front 12

William Pitt

Back 12

The most powerful minister in George’s cabinet who if it wasn’t for him, the British might have lost the Seven Years War

Front 13

General Braddock

Back 13

Led the British army to destroy Fort Duquesne but sadly was humiliated and defeated by the French and Indians and then led a counterattack and lost once again, dieing himself in the attack

Front 14

entrepots

Back 14

a trading post where goods can be imported and exported without paying import duties, often at a profit

Front 15

Seven Years War

Back 15

also known as the French and Indian war in which the British had won a war against the French and Indian

Front 16

John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon

Back 16

wrote a series of essays called the Cato's Letters between 1720 and 1723

Front 17

John Locke

Back 17

a 17th century philosopher who stated that all people possessed natural and inalienable rights

Front 18

Pennsylvania Dutch

Back 18

Germans who had came to America in search of a better life and religious toleration

Front 19

Middle ground

Back 19

area where the Indians make an effort to overthrow the settlers and survive as a people

Front 20

Gilbert Tennent

Back 20

one of the preachers for the Great Awakening, created protest from established ministers that were insulted

Front 21

Molasses Act

Back 21

placed heavy duty on molasses imported from foreign ports in 1733

Front 22

Charles Chauncy

Back 22

minister of the prestigious First Church of Boston, he had raised issues that were extremely troubling

Front 23

Cato’s Letter’s

Back 23

was written by John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon, stated that if England's rulers were corrupt, then people could not expect the constitution to save them from tyranny

Front 24

James Davenport

Back 24

a deranged revivalist who urged people to burn books by authors who had not experienced the New Light

Front 25

“Old Lights”

Back 25

traditional Christians who had not changed there old ways and believed in the original beliefs

Front 26

“New Lights”

Back 26

Congregationalists and Baptists who had changed there beliefs from the old origins to the new ideas proposed during the first Great Awakening

Front 27

Evangelicals

Back 27

those who preached a new form of religion that was proposed during the Great Awakening, such as George Whitefield and James Davenport

Front 28

Henry Muehlenberg

Back 28

leader that helped German Lutherans through a difficult cultural adjustment

Front 29

Cotton Mather

Back 29

a leading congregational minister who stated that the colonists were united by the most unanimous resolution

Front 30

Mestizo

Back 30

people of mixed European and Native American heritage or descent

Front 31

Mulatto

Back 31

people of mixed white and black heritage or descent

Front 32

Transportation Act

Back 32

passed in 1718 to allow judged in England, Scotland, and Ireland to send convicted felons to the Americas

Front 33

King William’s War

Back 33

King of England, William lll, declared war on Louis XlV in 1689 and was ended in 1697

Front 34

Queen Anne’s War

Back 34

lasted from 1702-1713, the bloody combat fought along the American frontier ended when Great Britain and French signed the Treaty of Utrecht

Front 35

King George’s War

Back 35

1743-1748, in which the colonists had scored a great victory over the French at Louisbourg but when the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed, the British gave Louisbourg right back to the French

Front 36

Navigation Acts

Back 36

series of laws passed to eliminate the dutch enemy from competition with England

Front 37

Benjamin Franklin

Back 37

a person of reason and science, who was high in stature, created the Albany Plan as well as inventions such as the lightning rod and an electric stove

Front 38

Constitution

Back 38

consisted of three distinct parts that were supposed to balance the government as well as be socioeconomic groups but in reality, were not

Front 39

What powers did Royal Governors have and not have?

Back 39

could veto legislation and dismiss judges as well as serve as military commanders in each province, however they were advised by a council on their actions and could not do some of them