History Ap Chapter 17 Flashcards

Front 1

GREAT PLAINS

Back 1

a broad expanse of flat land, much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, which lies west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada

Front 2

"CROWD NOBODY"

Back 2

it describes that there was enough land so that nobody would be crowded

Front 3

"INDIAN COUNTRY"

Back 3

the many self-governing Native American communities throughout the United States, such as the dakotas or anywhere in the great plains for the most part and then the deserts of arizona and new mexico

Front 4

CHIVINGTON MASSACRE

Back 4

was an incident in the Indian Wars of the United States that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 700-man force of Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed a village of friendly Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped in southeastern Colorado Territory, killing and mutilating an estimated 70–163 Indians, about two-thirds of whom were women and children

Front 5

RED CLOUD

Back 5

was a war leader and the head Chief of the Oglala Lakota (Sioux). His reign was from 1868 to 1909

Front 6

FETTERMAN MASSACRE

Back 6

Occurred when Crazy Horse and Red Cloud had fought against Fetterman's 80 men and they managed to completely wipe them all out

Front 7

BUFFALO SOLDIERS

Back 7

originally were members of the U.S. 10th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army, formed on September 21, 1866 at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Front 8

RED RIVER WAR

Back 8

was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874, as part of the Comanche War, to remove the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory

Front 9

SITTING BULL

Back 9

was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man who led his people as a tribal chief during years of resistance to United States government policies

Front 10

CRAZY HORSE

Back 10

was a Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota. He took up arms against the U.S. Federal government to fight against encroachments on the territories and way of life of the Lakota people

Front 11

GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER

Back 11

was a United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars. Today he is most remembered for a disastrous military engagement known as the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Front 12

7TH CAVALRY

Back 12

a United States Army Cavalry Regiment, whose lineage traces back to the mid-19th century. Its official nickname is "Garryowen," in honor of the Irish air Garryowen that was adopted as its march tune

Front 13

NEZ PERCE TRIBE

Back 13

are a tribe of Native Americans who live in the Pacific Northwest region (Columbia River Plateau) of the United States

Front 14

CHIEF JOSEPH

Back 14

was the chief of the Wal-lam-wat-kain (Wallowa) band of Nez Perce during General Oliver O. Howard's attempt to forcibly remove his band and the other "non-treaty" Nez Perce to a reservation in Idaho

Front 15

WOVOKA

Back 15

also known as Jack Wilson, was the Northern Paiute religious leader who founded the Ghost Dance movement

Front 16

GHOST DANCE

Back 16

was a religious movement which was incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems

Front 17

WOUNDED KNEE MASSACRE

Back 17

happened on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, USA, the army massacred the Sioux that were living at the reservation, including Sitting Bull

Front 18

ASSIMILATION

Back 18

is often used with regard to immigrants and various ethnic groups who have settled in a new land. New customs and attitudes are acquired through contact and communication

Front 19

COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES

Back 19

consisting of three Indians appointed by the Indian Agent, was to be established at each Indian agency. The Court would serve as judges to punish offenders. Outlawed behavior included participation in traditional dances and feasts, polygamy, reciprocal gift giving and funeral practices, and intoxication or sale of liquor

Front 20

DAWES SEVERALTY ACT

Back 20

adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide the land into allotments for individual Indians

Front 21

EXTERMINATION OF THE BUFFALO

Back 21

after the whites had completely eliminated the buffalo, the Indians on the Great Plains had no more food or little to supply all the people with so essentially, they starved without the precious buffalo as their main food source

Front 22

BUFFALO BILL CODY

Back 22

was a United States soldier, bison hunter and showman. He was born in the Iowa Territory (now the U.S. state of Iowa), near LeClaire but lived several years in Canada before his family moved to the Kansas Territory

Front 23

GOLD RUSH OF 1849

Back 23

began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California

Front 24

OVERLAND TRAIL

Back 24

was a stagecoach and wagon trail in the American West during the 19th century

Front 25

HOMESTEAD ACT OF 1862

Back 25

one of three United States federal laws that gave an applicant freehold title to an area called a "Homestead" –typically 160 acres (65 hectares or one-fourth section) of undeveloped federal land west of the Mississippi River

Front 26

TIMBER CULTURE ACT OF 1873

Back 26

was a follow-up act to the Homestead Act. The Timber Culture Act was passed by Congress in 1873. The act allowed homesteaders to get another 160 acres of land if they planted trees on one-fourth of the land

Front 27

TIMBER AND STONE ACT OF 1878

Back 27

in the United States sold Western timberland for $2.50 per acre in 160 acre blocks.

Front 28

NATIONAL RECLAMATION ACT

Back 28

is a United States federal law that funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of 20 states in the American West.

Front 29

"HYDRAULIC" SOCIETY

Back 29

a society that flows naturally and is very successful, such as the flow of water which is calm and flows at an even pace

Front 30

ROMUALDO PACHECO

Back 30

was an American politician and diplomat. Involved in California state and federal politics, Pacheco was elected and appointed to various posts and offices throughout his more than thirty-year career

Front 31

LAS GORRAS BLANCAS

Back 31

were a group active in the American Southwest in the late 1880s and early 1890s.

Front 32

"INSTANT CITIES"

Back 32

they were areas that quickly filled with people and became prosperous in little time and then expanded out

Front 33

PLACER MINING

Back 33

is the mining of alluvial deposits for minerals. This may be done by open-pit (also called open-cast mining) or by various surface excavating equipment or tunneling equipment

Front 34

COMSTOCK LODE

Back 34

was the first major U.S. discovery of silver ore, located under what is now Virginia City, Nevada, on the eastern slope of Mount Davidson, a peak in the Virginia Range

Front 35

CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT

Back 35

was a United States federal law signed by Chester A. Arthur on May 8, 1882, following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend immigration, and Congress subsequently acted quickly to implement the suspension of Chinese immigration, a ban that was intended to last 10 years

Front 36

FOREIGN MINERS TAX

Back 36

a special tax generated by the California legislature which taxed specifically the Chinese but also any other immigrants that came for the gold mining

Front 37

VAQUEROS

Back 37

is a horse-mounted stockman of a tradition that originated on the Iberian peninsula.

Front 38

WYOMING STOCK GROWERS ASSOCIATION

Back 38

a historic American cattle organization created in 1873. The Association was started among Wyoming cattle ranchers to standardize and organize the cattle industry, but quickly grew into a political force that has been called "the de facto territorial government" of Wyoming's organization into early statehood, and wielded great influence throughout the Western United States

Front 39

EXODUSTERS

Back 39

African Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880. After the end of Reconstruction, racial oppression and rumors of the reinstitution of slavery led many freedmen to seek a new place to live

Front 40

DRY FARMING

Back 40

an agricultural technique for non-irrigated cultivation of drylands. Dryland farming is used in the Great Plains, the Palouse plateau of Eastern Washington, and other arid regions of North America

Front 41

NATIONAL GRANGE

Back 41

is a fraternal organization for American farmers that encourages farm families to band together for their common economic and political well-being. Founded in 1867 after the Civil War

Front 42

BONANZA FARMS

Back 42

were very large farms in the United States performing large-scale operations, mostly growing and harvesting wheat

Front 43

TURNERS THESIS

Back 43

that the origin of the distinctive egalitarian, democratic, aggressive, and innovative features of the American character has been the American frontier experience. He stressed the process—the moving frontier line—and the impact it had on pioneers going through the process. In the thesis, the frontier created freedom, by "breaking the bonds of custom, offering new experiences, and calling out new institutions and activities."