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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Can you discuss the purpose of poetry in general?
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Poetry is not trying to change your mind, it’s trying to change your heart
while poetry gets there through emotion. If you do not enter into the emotion of poetry, you will not understand the Psalms. It’s point is to reach your heart. |
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How about the purpose of poetry in the OT?
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The Psalms are a book of thank you’s
Reading it in light of the Torah |
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What is the defining feature of Hebrew poetry
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Parallelism,
Meter, Acrostic, Line Length, and Syllables or stressed syllables |
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What portions of our literature are written in poetry?
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Psalms is the only purely poetry book, possibly Song of Solomon also.
Job contains poetry but also has narrative, and the classification is wisdom literature. |
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What is an acrostic poem?
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The first letter of every line goes in order with the hebrew alphabet. Ps. 9-10, 119
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Antithetical
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Actually the same thought, but seeing it from the opposite angle.
“The merciful man does himself good; but the cruel man does himself harm” Proverbs 11:17. |
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Synonymous identical
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Second stich says same thing as first, with different words.
“The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands. Day after day they pour forth speech; night after night they display knowledge.” (Psalm 19:1-2) |
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Synonymous Emblematic:
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Second stich says same thing, but one stich uses reality while the other uses an emblem/symbol.
“For the prostitute reduces you to a loaf of bread, and the adulteress preys upon your very life.” (Proberbs 6:26) |
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Synthetic
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Progressive or explanatory.
“For the Lord is a great God, and a great king above all gods.” Psalm 95:3. |
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Formal
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No real parallelism, but simply a completion of the thought. Much like modern prose-poetry.
“If a man loudly blesses his neighbor early in the morning, it will be taken as a curse.” (Proverbs 27:14) |
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Chiastic:
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Parallel terms are inverted in such a way that if you draw lines between parallels, you will end up with an “X”
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Similitudinous
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The stichs are compared to one another.
“As charcoal to embers and as wood to fire, so is a quarrelsome dog by the ears is a passer-by who meddles in a quarrel not his own.” (Proverbs 26:17). |
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Comparative:
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First stich is “better than” the second.
Better a little with the fear of the Lord than great wealth with turmoil. Better a meal of vegetables where there is love than a fattened calf with hatred.” Proverbs 15:16-17. |
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What is a figure of speech?
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an expressive use of language/words used in ways other than their literal sense/suggests a picture or image or special effect
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Simile:
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Comparison using “like” or “as”
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Metaphor:
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Comparison using “is”, or implication, but no comparative words
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Metonymy:
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Use of one name to signify another, because of close association. (The White House said=The President or Officer said...)
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Synecdoche:
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Use of a part to signify the whole, or of the whole to signify a part
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Personification:
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A thing/quality/idea is presented as a person, otherwise thought of as a non-person given personal attributes.
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Anthropomorphism:
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A non-human person given human attributes
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Hyperbole:
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Conscious exaggeration to achieve intensity of effect, or to make a point
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Irony:
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The assertion is made by consciously expressing the opposite of the assertion
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Euphemism:
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A mild word is used in place of a strong word, to avoid offense
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Litotes:
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: A thing is asserted by denying the opposite (“Not many days from now”= “soon”; “Not much”=”little”)
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What is the proper approach to Psalms, in relation to doctrine?
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We should not use them as the source for our doctrine because even though it is the Word of God, it is from the heart of a man.
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Book 1
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Ch. 1-41
Creation/Man (Genesis) Davidic |
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Book 2:
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Ch. 42-72
Redemption (Exodus) Solomonic |
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Book 3:
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Ch. 73-89
Sanctuary/Worship (Leviticus) Exilic- Sons of Korah |
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Book 4:
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Ch. 90-106
History/Pilgrimage (Numbers) Davidic |
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Book 5:
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107-150
Word of God (Deuteronomy) Restoration-Ezra |
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Chapters 1-2
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Introduction to the book
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Who wrote the Psalms?
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David wrote 73 psalms
Solomon, 72 Asaph, Heman, Ethan, Moses, 90 Sons of Korah, and other anonymous writers for approxiametly 50 of the Psalms |
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What is a lament Psalm: what are the differences between a national lament and an individual lament?
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Lament Psalms = there’s something wrong
Laments about the nation are usually shorter than those that are about himself/personal Individual: Introductory cry to God, nature of trouble, confession of trust in Yahweh, petition for God to act, vow of praise when God acts or an actual expression of praise |
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What are the Songs of Ascent/Degrees, and when were they sung?
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sung in travel/once arrived inJerusalem/4 major feasts associated with Zion
Traditional understanding is we’re talking about physical ascent. people going to major festival, winding way through the Jordan Valley. Cult = ritual, ascending the stairs of the temple |
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Which Psalms comprise the Hallel, and when was it sung?
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Psalm 113-118; used in ceremonies as a unit. Passover
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Can you describe what are the differences from the Hebrew and English text in the book of Psalms?
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Language, chapters are different, verse numbers are different (verse 1 starts with the superscription),
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How about the difference from the Hebrew/English to the LXX/Latin Vulgate text?
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in LXX 9-10 are just 9
114-115 are 113 116:1-9 = 114 116:10-19 = 115 |
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Can you reproduce the general outline for a psalm, as we discussed in class (think of your assignment).
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1 Proclamation of Praise or Cry for Help
2 Why Praise? or Why help is needed? 3 Confession of trust or Report of Deliverance 4 Petition for Aid or Vow to Praise 5 Expression of Praise or Call to Praise |
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What kind of information is included in the superscriptions to man of the psalms?
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possible author, who to keep in mind while reading the Psalm, the type of Psalm (lament, song, etc.), whom it is written for (choir director, etc.)
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Are these superscriptions part of the inspired text?
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Yes, it was part of the original text. We take it out in our modern translations, but the Jews would have seen it as vs. 1
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Who were the “Sons of Korah”?
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They wrote a number of the Psalms.
They were not any specific authors but a definite group of people who wrote a number of psalms. |
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What is an imprecatory Psalm, and can you discuss the difficulties of having such psalms in the Bible?
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“Imprecat” means to pray something bad on someone,
Could it be that David, in speaking, could be representing the voice of the Ultimate Messiah. could it be that David, being king, has the right to say don’t hurt my people. maybe we could hear David’s voice as the Messianic protector Could be David representing the voice of the people, they all cry out Could it be the voice of creation crying out for justice and rightness to cover the earth |
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Typical Prophetic:
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The prophecy is literally true of the author and Jesus
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Typical-Direct:
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hyperbolically of David. Literally of Jesus. Not predictive, this is the kind of thing they would do to anybody.
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Kingdom of YHWH/Eschatological:
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talks about God being king, scepter. if you are talking to a Jew they say it is not Messianic. If you are a Christian this Psalm could also be considered prophetic.
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Indirectly Messianic:
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This Psalm is not a prediction, but just a similarity. It will apply to Jesus because He is a davidic king.
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Direct Messianic:
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applies to Jesus and only to Jesus (Psalm 110)
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What are the differences between the descriptive praise psalms and the thanksgiving/acknowledgement/declarative praise psalms?
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Declarative Praise = declare the acts/deeds/ of God, praises God for what He’s done
Descriptive Praise = describe His character, praises God for who He is/what He’s like |
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How do you say “thank you” in the OT Hebrew culture?
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There is not a Hebrew word that is translated directly as “thank you”
thanks = public recognition in the community for what happened In Psalms it’s not a quiet thank you, but a declaration to the community of faith of what is thank-worthy of You. More like public recognition. |