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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pope |
The bishop of Rome; the head of the Roman Catholic Church |
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Simony |
The buying and selling of religious or blessed articles as well as church offices. |
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Lay Investiture |
The believed right of kings and nobles not only to appoint church officials but also to invest them with their religious authority |
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The College of Cardinals |
A group of men that assist and advise the pope, and they elect the next pope when one is needed. They all wear red, and they are only beneath the pope. The "princes" of the Roman Catholic Church |
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The Franciscan Order of Monks |
(Frairs) Monks who emphasized service to fellow man, and wandered and preached about whay need to be reformed in the church. |
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St. Francis of Assisi |
He loved animals, and he was the founder of the Franciscan Order of Monks |
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Interdict |
The suspensions of public church services and of the adminidtrstion of all sacraments (except baptism and Extreme Unction) |
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Excommumicstion |
The punishment of an idividual by depriving him of the sacraments and excluding him from the fellowship kf the church |
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Inquisition |
A special church court that tried to get rid of heresy in the church. Torture was used to force people, guilty or not, to admit to heresy |
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Thomas Becket |
The Archbishop of Canterbury and Henry II's very good friend |
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Pope Innocent III |
He said "I am the sun; the emperor, the moon." He was the most powerful pope, and the papcy reached its height under his leadership. |
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Common law |
Uniform laws in england that determined justic for all people (same laws on every manor) |
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Parliament |
Advisors to the king |
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Who formed common law? |
King Henry II |
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Who developed Parliament? |
King Edward I |
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Magna Carta |
A watershed document that spelled out the peoples' garunteed rights. |
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Why did the English nobles form the Magna Carta? |
To curcb the power of the king and protect themselves from abuse of power |
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What was the most powerful papal weapon? |
Excommunication |
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What were the three papal weapons? |
1. Interdict 2. Excommunication 3. Inquisition |
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What was 1 result of the Crusades? |
They weakened the fuedal system because it was founded on knights, and all the knights were gone to war |
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What was 2 result of the Crusades? |
Trade was expanded as Europeans became acquainted with the goods that were found in the East |
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What was 3 result of the Crusades? |
Strengthened the leadership of the pope, but later when the Crusades failed, the pope starts to lose some of his power and respect |
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What was 4 result of the Crusades? |
Europeans were introduced to the East and their narrow-minded attitudes were changed |
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What was 5 result of the Crusades? |
The Europeans gained a vast amount of knowledge. |
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What were the Crusades? |
Holy wars between Christians and Muslims |
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What were the reasons for the Crusades? |
Kicking the Muslims out of the Holy Land, and it gave the knights something to do |
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How many Crusades were there? |
9 |
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How many soldiers actually survived the walk on the last Crusade? |
Less than 25% |
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Relic |
An object associated with a saint ( a piece of clothing or a bone or a lock of hair of the saint) |
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Henry II and Pope Gregory VII |
They fought over lay investiture. Gregory excommunicated Henry. Henry's subjects threw a fit because they could no go to church, so they had no sacraments which meant hell. Henry submitted and asked for the pope's forgiveness in 1077 |
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Philip IV and Pope Boniface |
Philip tried to tax the clergy, and Boniface would have none of that. Philip decreased the papal revenue with some law. Boniface threatebed to excommunicate him but Philip didn't care. Philip had the support of his people this time around. Boniface submitted |
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What sre the four reforms the kings made? |
Common law, circuit justices, magna carta, and parliament |
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What did these four reforms do? |
Caused peoples' loyalties to shift from the church to the king |
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Why did peoples' loyalties shift? |
The had more benefits and the laws were now actually fair. |
