History

Front 1

how did the life of most people change from the onset of the industrial revolution

Back 1

it use to be small farming but it changed to complex machines and country villages become industrial towns and cities, rural way of life dissapeared

Front 2

what was the land enclosure that parliament allowed during the 1600s and 1700s

Back 2

fewer workers needed, higher crop yield, small out-of-work farmers migrate to cities for work, larger farms

Front 3

how did Abraham Darby improve iron production?

Back 3

use coal instead of charcoal to smelt iron, separates iron from iron ore, also built the first iron bridge

Front 4

who made the steam engine an efficient way of power factories and railroads?

Back 4

James watt

Front 5

the first factories developed in what industry

Back 5

textile industry

Front 6

what was the putting out system

Back 6

cotton industry where cotton is spun in peasants homes

Front 7

what were the results of the development of steam power

Back 7

powerful machines

Front 8

what were some of the results of the industrial revolution

Back 8

extreme hardships brought reforms, labor unions won the right to bargain, wages increased and more jobs

Front 9

who were the luddites and what did they do?

Back 9

opposed to technological change, burned factories and labor organizations

Front 10

what were the tenements and who lived there?

Back 10

multistory buildings, divided into apartments poor people, working crew

Front 11

why were most early factory workers women?

Back 11

thought women could adapt more easily and we're easier to manage

Front 12

what were the "Factory acts" passed in the 1800s

Back 12

reduce child workdays to 10hrs, no one under 8 or 9 could work in cotton mills, children workers were educated

Front 13

what did Thomas Malthus propose for population control

Back 13

Poverty was unavoidable because population was increasing faster then food supply

Front 14

according to laissez-faire economists, what is the cure for poverty

Back 14

lower prices of goods, increase factory goods

Front 15

what was Jeremy benthams philosophy on laws and government

Back 15

supported individual freedom, saw need for government to become involved under certain circumstances

Front 16

according to socialists, what is the solution to poverty and injustice

Back 16

shared ownership means or production by people

Front 17

what group of people established communities were all work and property are owned in common?

Back 17

utopians

Front 18

why did Germany form a social democracy in the 1860s?

Back 18

gradual transition from capitalization to violent overthrow

Front 19

why did Karl max despise capitalism

Back 19

he believed it corrupted society

Front 20

who wrote the communist manifesto and what was it about

Back 20

Karl max economics was driving force in history

Front 21

anesthetic

Back 21

drug that prevents pain during surgery

Front 22

entrepreneur

Back 22

people who assume the financial risks of starting a business

Front 23

proletariat

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the working class According to Karl max

Front 24

tenement

Back 24

multistory apartment buildings, they had no running water

Front 25

manchester

Back 25

the final stop on the English rail line, depending on where you start

Front 26

James watt

Back 26

made the steam engine more efficient

Front 27

Karl max

Back 27

co-wrote the communist manifesto on communism and scientific socialism

Front 28

means of production

Back 28

businesses that produce and distribute goods like farms, factories, railways

Front 29

Thomas malthus

Back 29

economist who believed poverty was unavoidable due to population growth

Front 30

social democracy

Back 30

German ideal where there is a gradual change from capitalism to socialism

Front 31

communism

Back 31

form of classless socialism where the means of production are owned by the community

Front 32

Jeremy bentham

Back 32

British economist who promoted utilitarianism

Front 33

utilitarianism

Back 33

idea that society's goal should be the greatest happiness for the greatest number

Front 34

Eli Whitney

Back 34

inventor of the cotton gin

Front 35

smelt

Back 35

to separate iron from iron ore

Front 36

turnpike

Back 36

private road which charges a toll to travelers

Front 37

capital

Back 37

money used to invest in enterprises

Front 38

liver pool

Back 38

English city on the 1st rail line where the practical locomotive was created

Front 39

enterprise

Back 39

a business organization such as mining,railroads,or factories

Front 40

Robert owen

Back 40

socialist utopian who set up a community in new Lanark, Scotland

Front 41

enclosure

Back 41

practice of taking over land shared by peasants

Front 42

urbanization

Back 42

the movement of people to citites

Front 43

labor union

Back 43

work organization illegal in britain

Front 44

putting out system

Back 44

cottage industry where cotton is spun in peasants homes

Front 45

socialism

Back 45

system where a group of people as a whole own the means of production, not individuals

Front 46

the swiss-city state of Geneva became a model of protestant morality under the leadership of

Back 46

John calvin

Front 47

what resulted from the peace of Augsburg in 1555

Back 47

each German prince could decide the religion for his lands

Front 48

Humanist scholars differed from me medieval thinkers in that humanists

Back 48

tended to focus more on worldly subjects

Front 49

sir Thomas more was executed because he

Back 49

would not accept Henry VIII as head of the church in england

Front 50

in the 1600s, Robert Boyles work transformed the feild of

Back 50

chemistry

Front 51

the age of great change marked by renewal interest in classical learning and the arts is called the

Back 51

renaissance

Front 52

the last supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of the great artist

Back 52

Leonardo da vinci

Front 53

the inventor who perfected the microscope and was the first person to see cells and microorganisms was

Back 53

Anton van leeuwenhoek

Front 54

what triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the church of england?

Back 54

Henry VIII wanted a divorce

Front 55

today's baptists, mennonites, and Amish can all trace their religion ancestry to the

Back 55

anabaptists

Front 56

the main goal of the Jesuits was to

Back 56

defend, restore, and spread the Catholic faith

Front 57

many scholars agree that between 1450 and 1750 people's beliefs in both Christianity and magic led to

Back 57

the persecution of people as witches

Front 58

in the scientific method, a hypothesis I'd a

Back 58

possible explanation to be tested

Front 59

during the Renaissance, what culture is being reborn?

Back 59

Greek and roman

Front 60

why does italys geography play a role in making it the center of the Renaissance

Back 60

it's the center of the Roman empire

Front 61

what aspect of the Renaissance was art with utility

Back 61

architecture

Front 62

what did Leonardo da vinci do to better understand how the human body works

Back 62

dissected bodies

Front 63

what modern day building is modeled after Michelangelos design of St peters cathedral

Back 63

us Capitol building

Front 64

what was the first book to be printed on the move able type printing press?

Back 64

bible

Front 65

sir Thomas more called for social reform through what book

Back 65

utopia

Front 66

what invention caused the spread of the protestant reformation throughout europe?

Back 66

printing press

Front 67

according to John calvin, what is the belief that God has already chosen who will go to heaven?

Back 67

predestination

Front 68

according to copernicus the sun is at the center of the universe in what theory?

Back 68

heliocentric

Front 69

what crime brought galileo in front of the inquisistion?

Back 69

heresy

Front 70

what German astronomer showed that the planets orbit the sun in an ellipse or oval path

Back 70

johannes kepler

Front 71

which scholar showed that gravity keeps the planets in orbit around the sun?

Back 71

isacc newton

Front 72

during medieval times what was the feild of chemistry called?

Back 72

alchemy

Front 73

what form of mathematics was created by isacc Newton to help explain his theories?

Back 73

calculus

Front 74

the line of demarcation divided world Trade and exploration rights between the

Back 74

Spanish and Portuguese

Front 75

who were the boers?

Back 75

Dutch farmers who settled around cape town

Front 76

in the 1400s Europeans searched for new trade routes to obtain valuable spices that came mainly from

Back 76

the moluccas

Front 77

how did Portuguese Explorer Bartholomeu Dias seek a sea route to Asia in 1460

Back 77

he rounded the southern tip of Africa

Front 78

in 1513, Spanish adventurer Vasco Nunez de balboa reached the Pacific Ocean by

Back 78

traveling overland through Panama

Front 79

how did Europeans usually acquire African captives for the slave trade

Back 79

they relied on African traders to bring captives to African ports

Front 80

what statement best describes the significance of the settlement in capetown

Back 80

it was the first permanent European settlement in africa

Front 81

how were the Europeans introduces to luxury goods such as spices,perfumes, and medicines

Back 81

the crusades

Front 82

the Americas are named after what sailor

Back 82

America vespucci

Front 83

although magellan is credited with circumnavigating the globe, he was actually killed in the

Back 83

Philippines

Front 84

what did an Indonesian ruler mean by, "you may be able to take our plants but you will never be able to take our rain"?

Back 84

spices won't grow in europe

Front 85

what rules discoverable by reason did enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the study of human behavior and society

Back 85

natural law

Front 86

in a vindication of the rights of women, Mary wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal

Back 86

education

Front 87

an enlightenment despot was a ruler who

Back 87

influenced political and social change

Front 88

the system of checks and balances in the United States Constitution was influenced by the ideas of which enlightenment thinker?

Back 88

montesquieu

Front 89

diderots encyclopedia was important because it

Back 89

spread enlightenment ideas

Front 90

economist Adam smith argued that, in a free market, business activity would be regulated by the forces of

Back 90

supply and demand

Front 91

enlightenment writers sometimes tried to avoid censorship by

Back 91

disguising there ideas as fiction

Front 92

elegant compositions by handel,haydn,and Mozart reflected a new musical style of the enlightenment known as

Back 92

classical

Front 93

during the enlightenment, what argument did government and church officials use to justify their war of censorship

Back 93

God set up the old order

Front 94

the enlightenment slogan "free and equal" did not apply to what group of people

Back 94

women

Front 95

why was the Rococo style of art criticized by the philosophes?

Back 95

it was superificial

Front 96

which country was able to remain outside napoleon's European empire

Back 96

Britain

Front 97

what war tactic helped the Russians defeat napoleon

Back 97

scorched earth policy

Front 98

in Frances old order, which of the following groups were members of the bourgeoisie

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merchants

Front 99

the women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to

Back 99

return to paris

Front 100

robespierre believed that France could achieve a "Republic of virtue" only through

Back 100

the use of terror

Front 101

during the reign of terror trials and executions were carried out under the authority of

Back 101

the committee of public safety

Front 102

the continental system was a form of

Back 102

economic warfare

Front 103

napoleon's final defeat was at the

Back 103

battle of waterloo

Front 104

this grim prison fortress was stormed by a mob of angry Parisians hoping to find weapons

Back 104

bastille

Front 105

this french queen was hated by her subjects for her spending habits and she paid it with her head

Back 105

Marie Antoinette

Front 106

these nobles and clergy fled France during the revolution

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emigre

Front 107

this term refers to a strong sense of pride and devotion to one's country

Back 107

nationalism

Front 108

what does it mean that napoleon abdicated his position as emperor of france?

Back 108

stepped down from power

Front 109

of the 600,000 soldiers in napoleon's grand army, how many make it back from Russia alive?

Back 109

20,000

Front 110

during the industrial revolution, life changed in what basic way?

Back 110

people migrated from rural areas to cities

Front 111

the first factories developed in what industry?

Back 111

textile

Front 112

Thomas Malthus discouraged vaccinations because

Back 112

disease was a natural means of population control

Front 113

the greatest happiness for the greatest number was a goal of

Back 113

utilitarianism

Front 114

steam became an efficient power source because of improvements made by

Back 114

James watt

Front 115

the development of steam power enabled the growth of

Back 115

railroads

Front 116

the putting out system was a method of

Back 116

producing cloth in individual homes

Front 117

the people who lived in tenements in industrial industries were part of the

Back 117

working class

Front 118

most early factory workers were women because

Back 118

employers could pay women less then men

Front 119

what book did Karl Marx Co author with Fredrick engel

Back 119

the communist manifesto

Front 120

which of the following was a social darwinist argument in favor of western imperialism

Back 120

Westerners thought they had a duty to bring there civilization to inferior races

Front 121

rifle cartridges greased with animal fat were a key cause of the

Back 121

sepoy rebellion

Front 122

which country was able to preserve it's independence by defeating Italian invaders in 1896

Back 122

ethiopia

Front 123

at the Berlin conference, European powers agreed that, in order to claim part of Africa, a European power had to

Back 123

set up a government office there

Front 124

which statement best describes how Catholic and protestant missionaries interacted with African natives?

Back 124

they saw natives as children in need of guidance

Front 125

what was one result of the sepoy rebellion

Back 125

Parliament ended the rule of the East India companys