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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was leadership like after Muhammad?
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Muslim leaders chose Abu Bakr, one of Muhammad,s first converts to be the next leader of Muslim. He was the first Caliph successor.
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Beginning of an empire (630-661 AD)
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Armies were strong after their battles, they won stunning victories
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What were treaties?
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They created treaties when they conquered land. Treaties were a list of rules to live by.
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What caused the Shia-Sunni split?
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Caliphs caused the split.
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What did Shia's believe?
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Shia thought only members of Muhammad's family could become one.
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What was leadership like after Muhammad?
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Muslim leaders chose Abu Bakr, one of Muhammad's first converts to be the next leader of Muslim. He was the first Caliph successor.
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Beginning of an empire (630-661 AD)
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Armies were strong after their battles, they won stunning victories
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What were treaties?
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They created treaties when they conquered land. Treaties were a list of rules to live by.
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What caused the Shia-Sunni split?
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Caliphs caused the split.
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What did Shia's believe?
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Shia thought only members of Muhammad's family could become one.
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Which group would be more likely to combine political and religious leadership?
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Sunni.
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The expansion under Umayyad rule (662-750 AD) - What was the capital?
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Damascus(in Syria)
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Under Umayyad Rule what were the expansion for the East, North Africa and in Europe?
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East - controlled trade in the Eastern Mediterranean
N.Africa battles w/Berbers slowed the growth of Muslim rule. Eurpoe - Muslims tried to expand their empire. Arab and Berber army invaded Spain and moved into France. |
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In 750 What was the new dynasty called?
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Abbasids
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What did the Abbasids do?
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Reorganized the government to make it easier to rule such a large region.
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Along trade routes, Arab merchants took Islamic beliefs to which new lands?
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India, Africa, Malasia andIndonesa.
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Islam spread and introduced which new products and inventions?
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Goods from Asia (China, India, SE Asia) were crops such as cotton, rice and oranges.
Goods from Africa were ivory, cloves and slaves. |
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Through trade, warfare and treaties,Arabs came into contact with people who had different...
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beliefs and lifestyles.
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Muslims usually practiced religious tolerance and acceptance with regard to the people they conquered.Examples?
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The muslims did not ban religions. The people they conquered kept many of their rights.
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What were examples of religious tolerances of Jews and Christians?
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Jews and Christians were allowed to practice their own religion. They had to pay a special tax. They followed rules of the treaty.
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What were examples of religious tolerances of people conquered by the Arabs?
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many converted to Islam and w/Islamic beliefs they often adopted other parts of the Arabic culture.
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What were effets of spreading language and religion?
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It helped unify the many groups that became part of the Islamic world.
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Explain the connection between trade and cultural development.
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trade brought people, products and ideas which helped to get the wealth for agriculture development.
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Cultural achievements for Bagdad were?
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Bagdad became the capital of the Islamic Empire in 762. It was located in a major trading center, effects were farming. Advancements were libraries, hospitals and observatories.
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Cultural achievements for Cordoba were?
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Location had strong agriculture and trade. Effect of location was textiles and jewelry. Advances - Universities, public water, lighting systems.
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What is an example of why Cordoba was called a center of learning culture?
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Greek and Roman scientific writing was translated into Arabic.
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Transition: Empire of Islam to the Ottoman Empire - lands conquered, army, weapons?
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conquered Europe, North America, Arabia. Army was key to growth. Weapons were gun powder and cannons.
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What did Mehmed II conquer?
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He conquered Constantinople by using cannons. He defeated the Byzantine Empire and he became known as "conquerer"
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What is a Sultan?
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an Ottoman ruler.
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What else did Mehmed II achieve?
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He expanded the empire.His army also conquered Syria and Egypt.He became ruler of Mecca and Medina.
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What are Suleyman I achievements?
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He was called "Magnificent". The Ottoman took control of the Eastern Mediterranean. Reached cultural peak under his rule. Poets wrote beautiful works.
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Ottoman Government/Laws were based on?
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The Sultan's issued laws based on Shariah.
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Ottoman society Upper class were?
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Judges and other people who advised the Sultans on legal and military issues.
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Ottoman society lower class were?
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Many were Christian and Jews. Christian and Jews formed religious communities called millets.
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Ottoman society women were?
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Limited freedom for women. they had to live apart from men. Wealthy women could still own land and business.
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Safavid empire was created by a group of Persian Muslims. Who was Esma'il?
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He made Shism - the belief of the shia. This worried his advisors. He dreamed of conquering the Muslim territories.
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Who were the Abbas?
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They trained slave boys. The defeated the Uzbeks. They made great contributions to the Safavid.
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What was the Safavid empire culture and economy like?
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They built mosques in their capital. Traditional products were ceramics, hand woven carpets, silk, velvet and metal goods.
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Arabian peninsula weather is mostly?
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hot and dry desert land.
scorching temperatures and a lack of water make life difficult. |
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Arabia's location, physical features, and climate have...
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shaped life in the region.
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What is a nomadic life?
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move from place to place
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What is a sedentary life?
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a settled life in towns.
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What was Muhammad's early life like?
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He was born in 570. His father died before he was born and mother died when he was 6. His wife was Khadijah.
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What is the Qur'an?
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The holy book of Islam. The exact word of God as it was told by Muhammad.
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What does "Allah" mean?
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"the God" in Arabic.
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What is the Kaaba?
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a very important shrine in Mecca.The balck cube thought to be built by Abraham.
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What is a Mosque?
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a building for Muslim prayer.
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What is a pilgrimage?
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a journey to a sacred place.
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What is a shrine?
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a place were people worship a saint god.
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What is Islam?
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to submit to God.
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What is Sunnah?
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the Sunnah refers to the way Muhammad lived, which provided a model for the duties and the way of life expected of Muslims.
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What is Shariah?
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a system based on Islamic sources and human reasons that judges the rightnessof actions an individual or community may take.
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What is Jihad?
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hard work; a struggle.
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What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
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Statement of faith,Daily prayer,donation to charity,fasting and Hajj(pilgrimage to Mecca)
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What is Monotheism?
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the belief that only one God exists
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What is Polytheism?
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the belief in or worship of multiple Gods, such as gods and goddesses.
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What are Hadith?
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are oral traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
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What is Ramadan?
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is a Muslim religious observance that takes place during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar; the month in which the Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.
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What is an Oasis?
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a fertile patch in a desert
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What is a souk?
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an open-air marketplace in Muslim countries
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Who is Abraham?
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an important figure in several monotheistic religions. Jewish, Christian and Muslim traditions regard him as the founding patriarch of the Israelites, Ishmaelites and Edomite peoples. He is widely regarded as the patriarch of Judaism and monotheism. Abraham means "Father of Nations" - "Av" is Hebrew for "Father", and "Raham" is the Arabic for "Nations or Multitude". Also considered to mean "High Father", coming from the Aramaic words "Aba Rama"
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Who is Moses?
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received commands from God during a stop at Mount Sinai. He later went on to free the enslaved Hebrews after the Egyptian pharaoh denied God's power. Moses led the freed Hebrews for 40 yrs through the desert after they refused to obey God's command and enter the Holy Lands
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Why did Muhammad have to leave Mecca?
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Mecca's rulers made Muhammad leave Mecca for awhile because his teachings of his ideas began to take root.
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Where did Muhammad go from Mecca? Who went with him?
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He and his daughter went to Medina with his group. His journey to Medina was called Yathrib
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What was religion like before Muhammad?
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People in Arabia believed in many gods - polytheism.
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What is Islam?
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the messages Muhammad received form the base of Islam religion.
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What do Christianity, Judism and Islam have in common?
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Monotheistic religion (one God) Recognize many of the same prophets.
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What Christian belief do Muslims not share?
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They do not believ Jesus is the son of God.
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Jews and Christians are seen as "people of the book" because
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their holy book taught many of the same ideas.
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