History

Front 1

would like a port at Riga, to supplant his port at Archangel in the frozen far north. Riga is still held by the Swedes, so he starts building on marshland that will eventually become the city of St. Petersburg.

Back 1

Tsar Peter
AKA Peter the Great 1703

Front 2

1,780 colonists of European descent are pursuing farming. Many are using slaves, who number about 1,100, imported from the Spice Islands (Indonesia) Mozambique and Madagascar.

Back 2

Cape Town, Dutch 1707

Front 3

For 3,000 Rupees, __ grants this company duty free trading rights. The British are given the right to mint their own silver rupee coins to use within this empire.

Back 3

Mughal, British East India Company 1717

Front 4

King Agaja in competition with the kingdom of Oyo for captives to be sold as slaves to Europeans. has been a leading exporter of slaves and an importer of firearms.

Back 4

Dahomey 1730

Front 5

Along Africa'a Gold Coast, this kingdom has been supplying slaves to British and Dutch traders in exchange for firearms with which to enforce territorial expansion.

Back 5

Asante 1750

Front 6

Britains prisons have been overcrowded, and losing the thirteen colonies they could no longer send convicts there. Instead they send 11 ships with 1300 people to a place in Austrailia named after the secretary of state for Britains colonies.

Back 6

British, Sydney 1788

Front 7

Frustrated commoners have created a new National Assembly and are joined by some clergy and nobles.Parisians storm the ___. The National Assembly declares an end to feudal rights and proclaims The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen. A constitution is in the making, and an intimidated __ agrees to become a constitutional monarch.

Back 7

Bastille, Louis 16th 1789

Front 8

____ invades ______ with a plan to cut Britain's trade route to India. British naval force, led by Admiral Horatio Nelson, smashes the French navy at anchor at Abu Qir bay, near Alexandria, Egypt - the French losing 6,200 men as casualties and prisoners.

Back 8

Napoleon, Egypt 1798

Front 9

____ sells this territory to the United States.

Back 9

France, Lousiana 1803

Front 10

____ outlaws slave trading across the _____, for its own ships and for ships from all countries united with Napoleon

Back 10

Britain, Transatlantic slave trade 1807

Front 11

The _____ passes a law that bans ___ into the U.S., a law to be largely ignored in southern states.

Back 11

United States, Slavery 1807

Front 12

______ returns to France, inspires men to reach again for glory, and his final military defeat comes at _____.

Back 12

Napoleon, Waterloo 1815

Front 13

At a women's rights convention in _____a call is made for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women

Back 13

Seneca Falls 1848

Front 14

Imperial Britain and France are afraid of ____expansion. At a Turkish port on the Black Sea, the _____ navy, using exploding shells for the first time, sets a Turkish fleet afire. The British respond with horror to the devastation. The British declare war, and Queen Victoria writes of "the great sinfulness" of ___having "brought about this War

Back 14

Russia, Crimean War 1854

Front 15

______ opens. It is largely French owned but eager for international business. Access is promised ships from all nations, for a fee. The canal is to reduce travel time between Europe and Asia. Giuseppe Verdi has written an opera for the opening celebration

Back 15

The Suez Canal 1869

Front 16

The British order the King of the ____, Cetshwayo, to disband his army of four to six thousand. He refuses. The ____ defeat the British at Isandhwana, killing 800 British and capturing 1,000 rifles, with ammunition.

Back 16

Zulus

Front 17

With the help of Gatling guns, the British overpower the ___, at the Battle of Ulundi. Queen Victoria urges "kind and generous treatment of Cetshwayo," who is exiled to Cape Town. By now the hand-cranked Gatling gun could fire 1,200 rounds per minute - 400 rounds per minute said to be more reasonable.

Back 17

Zulus

Front 18

Slavery ends in ______.

Back 18

Brazil

Front 19

___ writes the poem "Take up the White Man's Burden," which speaks of "new caught sullen peoples, half-devil and half-child."

Back 19

Kipling

Front 20

British settlers had streamed into ___ country with the discovery of gold there. The gold mines became British owned. Various British colonial leaders wanted to annex the two ____ republics. War erupts, with the ____ striking first

Back 20

Boer, Genocide

Front 21

In ____ angry men take up terrorism. They are known as _____.

Back 21

China, Boxers

Front 22

____ has put into its constitution conditions stated in the Platt Amendment. ____ leases Guantanamo to the ___ in perpetuity.

Back 22

Cuba

Front 23

Colombia fails to sign a treaty that would enable the ____ to build a canal in ____. _____take power with help from ____ warships, which prevent Colombia from sending soldiers. The ____ recognizes ____independence and begins negotiating a canal treaty.

Back 23

Panama

Front 24

_________ becomes the first European nation to grant women suffrage.

Back 24

Finland

Front 25

In China, the ____ Emperor, Guangxu, dies at age 37.

Back 25

Manchu

Front 26

The new administration governing ___ proclaims an end to slavery.

Back 26

China

Front 27

The Union of ____ is no longer a British colony. It becomes a member of the British Commonwealth.

Back 27

South Africa

Front 28

End of _____

Back 28

Ching Dynasty

Front 29

supported by Russia, declare _____ independence from China.

Back 29

Mongolia

Front 30

Archduke _____ journeys to ____ without the usual protection against assassins. He remarks that all is in the hands of God. In Sarajevo he is assassinated.

Back 30

Ferdinand, Bosnia

Front 31

_____ launches its war against Serbia believing it has the support of Germany

Back 31

Austria-Hungary

Front 32

The ____ secretly agree to carve up the Ottoman Empire to their advantage

Back 32

Sykes-Picot

Front 33

A popular revolution ends the ____ dynasty. The peace issue, with ___ Bolsheviks in the lead, gives the Bolsheviks popular support in the Soviets

Back 33

Romanov, Lenin

Front 34

Germany's submarine warfare has failed. Those in Germany who want victory rather than a negotiated settlement support General Ludendorff's gamble on a great offensive. That offensive fails, further weakening Germany. U.S. forces help drive the Germans back toward their border. _____ goes into exile. Germany has a new democratic government headed by Social Democrats. The U.S. chooses not to wage war against Germany's new democratic government. The fighting that Wilson has claims is "to make the world safe for democracy" ends.

Back 34

Kaiser Wilhelm

Front 35

Congress passes a ____ to the Constitution, making it illegal to deny women their right to vote, and this party is formed.

Back 35

19th Amendment, U.S. Communist Party

Front 36

The ____ becomes a formal entity - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Back 36

Soviet Union

Front 37

Lenin dies. The Soviet government is dominated by the Communist Party, and in theory the ultimate power within the Communist Party is the Party Congress, a large body that selects the Central Committee, which selects members of the Party's top body, the Politburo. The most influential member of the Politburo is _____, who barely manages to hang-on against rumors of conflict with Lenin.

Back 37

Stalin

Front 38

Japanese troops are at ___outer defenses

Back 38

Nanjing

Front 39

While searching for water, United States geologists in ____ find a lot of oil.

Back 39

Saudi Arabia

Front 40

_________is grateful for _____support concerning his invasion of Ethiopia. He has agreed to give Hitler a free hand in _____, and German troops march into that country.

Back 40

Mussolini, Hitler, Austria

Front 41

Vom Rath dies of his wounds. In response, _______ (night of broken glass) begins as Nazi troops and sympathizers loot and burn Jewish businesses. 7,500 Jewish businesses are destroyed, 267 synagogues burned, 91 Jews killed and at least 25,000 Jews arrested. In Britain, newspapers and the public turn against Germany. In the United States a Gallop poll is to record 94 percent disapproval of "Nazi treatment of Jews."

Back 41

Kristallnacht,

Front 42

To help him prepare for an invasion on _______. Hitler settles affairs with the soviet union territory that had been taken away from them during Russia's civil war.

Back 42

Poland

Front 43

Britain and France declare war on Germany, and they are joined by India and New Zealand. The British cannot send help to ____ and the French sit on their border rather than invade Germany.

Back 43

Poland

Front 44

_____ signs the decision by the Ruling Council of Japan to wage war against the United States, Britain and the Netherlands.

Back 44

Hirochito

Front 45

Airplanes from Japanese aircraft carriers strike at U.S. military installations at ________and Kaneohe Bay on the island of Oahu.

Back 45

Pearl Harbor

Front 46

____ writes in his diary: "With respect of the Jewish Question, the Führer [Hitler] has decided to make a clean sweep. He prophesied to the Jews that if they again brought about a world war, they would live to see their annihilation in it. That wasn't just a catch-word. The world war is here, and the annihilation of the Jews must be the necessary consequence."

Back 46

Goebbels

Front 47

On the U.S. mainland, _____ are segregated out of U.S. Army units.

Back 47

Japanese-Americans

Front 48

The deportation of Jews from France to the extermination camp at _______, in Poland, begins

Back 48

Auschwitz

Front 49

The Battle of ____, a clear sign of progress for the U.S. in the first year of their war

Back 49

Midway

Front 50

Japan's invades Attu and Kiska islands in the Aleutians.

Back 50

Pacific

Front 51

surrenders unconditionally to the Allied forces

Back 51

Germany

Front 52

The Japanese have not accepted Truman's demand for unconditional surrender, and rather than wait patiently for the Japanese to change their mind, the U.S. military has been waiting for good weather. The military has participated in choosing ______ as the target, and there the United States drops its atomic bomb.

Back 52

Hiroshima

Front 53

The United States drops its second demonstration bomb on _____

Back 53

Nagasaki

Front 54

_____ surrenders. Emperor Hirohito breaks the news of surrender to the _____ people.

Back 54

Japan

Front 55

_______ splits from India and gains independence from the British Empire

Back 55

Pakistan

Front 56

_____ gains independence from the British Empire

Back 56

India