History

Front 1

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 1

set out for Spain with five ships to find a way to reach the Pacific

Front 2

Nicolaus Copernicus

Back 2

published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres- in it he proposed a theory where the sun is at the center of the universe

Front 3

Christopher Columbus

Back 3

wanted to reach the East Indies (a group of islands in Southeast Asia) by sailing west across the Atlantic. On August 3,1492 he sent sail with 3 little ships - Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria. He wondered around the Carribbeans- thinking it was Indies

Front 4

Dutch East India Company

Back 4

a group of wealthy Dutch merchants- had full and unusual amount of sovereign power- within its power could build armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties, and govern overseas territory. Dominated the region

Front 5

Cape Town

Back 5

the first permanent European settlement to supply ships sailing to or from the East Indies

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Cartographers

Back 6

map makers

Front 7

The Line of Demarcation

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dividing the non-European world into two zones. Spain had trading and exploration rights in any lands west. Portugal had the same rights east of that line.

Front 8

Conquistadors

Back 8

spanish conquerors

Front 9

Hernan Cortes

Back 9

in 1519,he landed on the coast of Mexico with about 60 men, 16 horses, and a few cannons- he then began an inland trek toward Tenochtitlan.

Front 10

Moctezuma

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aztec emperor- terrified about his empire, wondered if the leader of the pale-skinned, bearded strangers might be Quetzalcoatl (an Aztec god who had vowed a long time ago to return from the east). Moctezuma sent gifts of turquoise, feathers, and other goods with religious importance, but urged the visitors not to proceeded into Tenochtitlan

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Mercantilism

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aimed at strengthening their national economies

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Capitilism

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economic system in which most businesses are owned privately

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Peninsulares

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people born in Spain (first in the Spanish America society)

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Creoles

Back 14

american-born descendants of Spanish settlers (seconded in the Spanish America society)

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Mestizos

Back 15

people of Native American and European descent (third in the Spanish America society)

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Mulattoes

Back 16

people of African and European descent (fourth in the Spanish America society)

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Native Americans & people of African Descent

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formed the lowest social class (fifth in the Spanish America society)

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Triangular Trade

Back 18

three-legged international trade network

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Divine Right

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belief that authority to rule came from directly from God

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Huguenots

Back 20

french protestants

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Edict of Nantes

Back 21

granting the Huguenots religious toleration and other freedom

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Parliament

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a form of government in which the executive leaders are chosen by and responsible to the legislative (are also a part of it)

Front 23

Puritans

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a group of people that sought to "purify" the church of Catholic practices

Front 24

Thomas Hobbes

Back 24

seventeenth-century English thinker, set forth ideas that were key to the Enlightenment. He believed that people were naturally greedy, cruel etc. If not strictly controlled, the people would rob, fight, break the law.

Front 25

John Locke

Back 25

seventeenth-century English thinker, set fourth ideas that were key to the Enlightenment. He believed people were good, and reasonable in their natural state- And had certain natural rights belonged to all people from birth.