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574 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why did the Munich Putsch take place? |
MUNICH Government > Republic was in a crisis & about to collapse > Called of the general strike MEMBERS > Party was ta its strongest with 55,000 members MUSSOLINI > Hitler wanted to intimidate and impersonate him |
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What was the Munich agreement? When was the Munich Agreement? |
> The annexation of the 'Sudetenland' Region of Czechoslovakia > September 1938 |
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What was the enabling act? When was the enabling act enforced? |
> The power to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstag > March 1933 |
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On what part of the political spectrum were the Nationalists? |
Right wing and communist opposing |
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Who were the two politicians that called of the Munich Putsch rebellion? |
Two nationalists called Kahr and Lossow |
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Who was the SA leader? |
Ernst Rohm |
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What were the Locarno treaties? When were the Locarno treaties enforced? |
> Treaties that accepted Western Europe's boundaries > 1925 |
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When did Hitler become Fuhrer? |
1934 |
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When was the Reichstag fire? What did the Reichstag fire lead to? |
> 1933 > Article 48 'Protection of people and state' |
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When was the Night of the Long Knives? |
1934 |
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Munich Putsch: Who called the police? How many Nazis were killed? Where did Hitler burst into? |
> Kahr > 16 > The beer hall were Kahr and Lossow were having a meeting |
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Munich Putsch: What did Hitler do at the Beer hall? When did Hitler march into Munich? What were the consequences for Hitler? |
> Surrounded the hall will the SA and threatened Kahr and Lossow with a gun to make the agree to help him take over the government of Bavaria > The next day > Two days after Hitler was arrested |
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When did Hitler invade Poland? |
1939 |
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When did French and Belgian troops invade the Ruhr? |
January 1923 |
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Nazis (facists) were where on the political spectrum? |
Right Wing |
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Where was communism on the political spectrum? |
Left Wing |
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The Spartacists: Who was the leaders of the spartacists? What were their aims? What did they want to replicate? |
> Rosa Luxembury and Karl Leibknecht > The wanted Germany to be run by working class and that power and wealth should be shared equally > The Russian Revolution |
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The Spartacists Revolt: > How did the Spartacists make their views known? > How many people went on strike? > Who stopped the riots? |
> By workers going on strike and demonstrating in Berlin > 50,000 > The Freikorps |
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How did Stressemann help the Weimar Republic to survive? |
> Great Coalition which joined political parties > Called off workers strike > Got Germany to join the League of Nations > Chancellor 1923 > Foreign Minister: 1923 - 29 > Dawes Plan after the great coalition collapsed in 1923 > Introduced the Rentenmark |
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When was the Hitler Youth form? When did it become compulsory to join? |
> March 1922 > 1936 |
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When was the Gestapo (secret Police) formed and who was its head? |
1934 and Heinrich Himmler |
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When did Hindenburg die? |
1934 |
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When was hyperinflation at its highest, causing the Berlin riots? |
November 1923 |
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When was the Anglo-Polish common defence pact formed? |
1939 |
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What was the Kellogg Briand Pact formed? What was it? |
> 1928 > A peace treaty between Germany and 60 others |
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What was the Nazi - Soviet pact? Who was it between? When was it? |
> Divided Poland in half > Hitler and Stalin > 1939 |
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when was the anchluss with Austria? |
1938 |
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When did Hidenburg become president? |
Feburay 1925 |
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When was the Rentenmark introduced? |
September 1923 |
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The Kapp Putsch: When was the Kapp Putsch? What was the Kapp Putsch? How did they overthrow? |
> March 1920 > Seizing of Berlin by Wolfgang Kapp and Freikorps > Ebert |
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The Kapp Putsch: How did Ebert Regain control of Berlin? How long did Kapp remaign in control? What did this show? |
> By calling for a workers strike to immobilise Berlin > 5 days > The people were willing to support Ebert |
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When was the Rhineland Re militarised? |
1936 |
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When did Hitler and Mussolini form a military Alliance? What did this attempt to protect against? |
> 1936 >The spread of communisum |
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When was Hitler named the Weinmar Chancellor? |
January 1933 |
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When was the Young Plan? What was it? When was it until? Reduced to how much? |
> 1929 > Extension and reduction of reparations payments > 1988 > £2.2 billion |
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When was the Munich beer hall putsch? |
November 1923 |
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Who were the spartacists resisted by? |
Freikorps who were ordered by Ebert |
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How many Spartacists were killed in the clash? |
100 to 13 Freikorps |
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Founding of the Nazi Party? |
February 1920 - it was originally a terrorist group |
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What is Nazi an abbreviation of? NSDAP |
the Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party |
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Consequences of the Munich Putsch? NPL |
> Nazi party was banned
> Hitler went to prison for five years > Hitler decided to use legal means to gain power |
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What were some examples of legal means used by Hitler to gain power? |
1) Hitler Youth 2) Propaganda 3) Local Party branches 4) The SS |
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When was public conscription revealled? |
March 1934 |
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Crucial Party vote results? |
In July 1932 the Nazis received 38% of votes Hitler: 13 million Hindenburg: 19 million |
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When was Kristalnoucht? What was it? |
> November 1938 > Destruction of Jewish shops, synagogues. The arrest of Jews to concentration camps. |
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When were the Nuremberg laws introduced? What did they do? |
> September 1935 > Jews became subjects rather than citizens and couldn't marry Aryans |
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When was the Weimar Republic established? |
August 1919 |
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When was the Wall Street Crash? |
October 1929 |
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When did Hitler invade Czechoslovakia? |
1939 |
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Who were the Chancellors of the Weimar republic and their election dates? |
1332 May: Franz Von Papen (Elections also in July and November) 1932 November: Von Schleicher 1933: Hitler |
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When was the great Coalition? |
1922 - 1923 |
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When did Britain and France declare was on Germany? |
1939 |
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When did Germany join the League of Nations>? |
1926 |
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When was the SS formed |
1925 |
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When was the Dawes Plan? What was it? How much was it? |
> August 1924 > American Loans to the Germans > 800 million gold marks |
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How much was Germany's WW1 reparations? |
£6.6 billion, however some of this was not to be paid by the Germans and was added to the total to make the Anglo-French public think that Germany was being heavily fined for the war. |
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Why was Weimar set up? |
Weimar was set up from the town of Weimar as there had just been the Sparticists revolt. It was an attempt at a democracy. This was to replace the dictatorship by the Kaiser. |
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How was the Weimar republic democratic? |
> The bill of rights gave everyone the freedom of speech > All men and women over 20 could vote >There was an elected president |
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Name two weakness of the Weimar republic? |
1) Proportional Representation - Germans voted for a party not for MP's 2) Article 48 - the president did not need to consult the Reich stag and could make decisions. Hitler used this to take power legally. |
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Why did the French invade the Ruhr? |
In an attempt to extract the reparations Germany couldn't pay |
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What was the Weimar republic a genuine attempt at? |
A perfect democracy |
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When was the armistice signed? What were the people who signed it called? |
November 1918 The November criminals |
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Who was the Saar given too? How long was it given for? What returned it to the Germans and what was the percentage? When was it returned? |
The French 15 years A plebiscite with 90.8% in favour 1935 |
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What happened to the Rhineland after WW1? When did French troops arrive in the Rhineland and when did they leave? When did the Germans march into the Rhineland? |
It was occupied by the allies 1920 to 1925 March 1936 |
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What entering the Rhineland go against? Why did the Germans do this? What was Britain's and France's response? |
The treaty of Versailles There was no military action against the Saar - Hitler wanted to see how far he could go Nothing - appeasement |
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What is appeasement? |
Avoiding war by granting or permitting actions or land to maintain peace |
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What happened in the Ruhr? (industry) Why did the French invade? |
It was the source of coal and an industrial hub To get reparations payments as an instalment had been missed |
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What was the German reaction to the French invasion of the Ruhr?
Why, when and who was it called off by? |
Passive resistance/general strike
Gustav Stressemann in 1923 because hyperinflation was setting in as the Ruhr was an industrial hub and source of wealth, and the strike meant a lack of money |
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What was the currency before hyperinflation? What was the currency after hyperinflation (introduced by Stressemann)? |
The Mark The Rentenmark |
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Who do you spell the name of the democratic country set up? |
W E I M A R |
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When did Germany leave the League of Nations? |
1933 |
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Why did Hitler want to unit Austria and Germany? (2 reasons) |
1. Because he wanted to bring together all German speakers 2. Austria shared a boarder with Czechoslovakia |
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Why couldn't Germany join with Austria? |
The League of Nations had forbidden it |
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What were the events and reactions of the failed Anschluss? |
1. Hitler ordered Nazi-Austrians to create havoc in Austria 2. This turned into an attempt to overthrow the government and the chancellor was killed 3. In 1934 Italy agreed to protect Austria from aggression 4. Mussolini moved his troops onto the Austrian boarder |
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When was the first attempted Anschluss? |
1934 |
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What was the name of the Second Austrian Chancellor? |
Schuschnigg |
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How did Schuschnigg appease Hitler? |
He signed a German-Austrian Agreement of 1936 |
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What was the German-Austrian Agreement of 1936? |
This pact recognised the independence of Austria but the price was that Austria's foreign policy had to be consistent with Germany's |
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What was the Rome-Berlin axis? |
A join between two facist countries: Germany and Italy |
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When was the Rome-Berlin axis created? |
1936 |
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What was the pact between Italy and Germany called formed in 1936? |
The Rome-Berlin Axis |
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Who were the axis powers? |
Italy, Germany and Japan |
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After the Rome-Berlin axis what compromise was reached between Austria and Germany? |
Seyss-Inquart, was made Minister of the Interior. |
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What lead to the takeover of Austria |
Schuschnigg announced a referendum, Hitler ordered Schuschnigg to call off the referendum. When he did (and resigned) Seyss Inquart became Chancellor and invited the the German troops marched into Austria.
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Results of the Anchluss with Austria? (4 reasons) |
1. Germany increased their population and army 2. Germany received industrial gains 3. The power in Europe lay with Germany 4. Czechoslovakia was surrounded on three fronts. |
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What was the reaction to the Anchluss with Austria? |
France: Government had just resigned so were not in a place to take on Germany Britain: Didn't want another war and also political problems. |
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Results of the Wall Street Crash in Germany? (2 reasons) |
1. America called in foreign loans which crushed the republic 2. Extreme times lead to increasing Nazis popularity |
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Who was the Nazi's propaganda minister? |
Goebbels |
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How and when did Hitler become Chancellor? |
How: Hindenburg and Papen offered him vice chancellor yet he refused demanding to be Chancellor, thinking they could control him they accepted. When: 1933 |
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What was the Reichstag fire? |
A fire in the German goverment |
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When was the Reichstag fire? |
1933 |
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Who was convicted for the Reichstag fire? |
Dutch Communist, Van der Lubbe |
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What did the Reichstag fire allow Hitler to do? (2 reasons) |
1.It gave him an opportunity to imprison many communist leaders, which stopped them campaigning during the election. 2. It allowed the Nazis to say that the country was in danger from the communists during its election campaign |
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What was the Enabling Act act and when was it? |
What: Arguably the critical event - it gave Hitler absolute power to make his laws. When: 1933 |
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What happened with trade unions? |
Abolishing the trade unions allowed Hitler to destroy a group that might have opposed him. It also gave Hitler the opportunity to set up the German Labour Front, which gave him control over German workers. |
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What was the name, and what was, Hitler's agreement with the Pope? When was it? |
Concordat. Hitler's agreement with the Pope was a temporary truce that allowed Hitler to ban the Catholics without opposition from the Catholic Church in 1933 |
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What was the night of the long knives? |
The murder by the SS of around 400 of the SA members, including its leader Röhm, along with a number of Hitler's other opponents. |
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What were the three purposes of women? |
1. Church 2. Cooking 3. Children |
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How do you say the three k's in German? |
Kinder, Küche, Kirche
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What did Hitler want women to do? |
Increase the birth rate |
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How did girls stay fit? |
In the BDM |
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What encouraged couples to have children? |
The Law for the Encouragement of Marriage gave newly wed couples a loan of 1,000 marks, and allowed them to keep 250 marks for each child they had.
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What reward where mothers with 8 children given |
A gold medal in Hitler mothers honour |
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What did the Nazis discourage women did? |
1. Were slim 2. Wore make-up 3. Wear noticeable clothes and wear their hair down 4. Fair hair and Aryan traits |
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Hitler's main economic ideas?
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1. Full employment 2. Beauty of Work 3. Rearmament 4. Autarky (self sufficient) |
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What gave German workers rewards for their work?
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The strength through joy program |
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What happened to women and Jews jobs?
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They lost their jobs and they were given to men |
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What were the measures taken to make Germany self sufficient?
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2. Substitutes were created from other products 3. Farmers were asked to produce more food |
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What 3 things were good about Nazi life for men?
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1. They all had a job and therefore an income 2. Autobahn - construction of roads - increased transport 3. Revived the economy |
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Who did the Germans attempt to persecute?
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2. Gypsies 3. Black People 4. Disabled 5. Sterilised many people who 'weren't fit to reproduce' |
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What was the stressa front? |
Reinforce Locarno treaties, protect Austria and act against Germany if the broke the Treaty of Versailles |
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When was the Stressa Front? |
1935 |
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What was the Anglo German Naval agreement? |
Agreement that Germany could increase the size of her Navy to 35% of Britain's |
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What was the Munich Conference? |
Permitting the annexation of Czechoslovakia, the USSR were not invited, |
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What, and when did Hitler sign with Poland? |
The 10 year non aggression pact of 1934 |
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Why did Stalin sign the Nazi Soviet pact? |
He felt like the main powers were against him. |
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Why was the Nazi- Soviet pact important? (4 things) |
1)War inevitable 2) Allies lost an ally 3) Germany did have to fight a war on two fronts. 4) War happened next month |
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With how many men did Hitler march into the Rhineland? |
22,000 |
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What was the popular view of the Germans remilitarising the Rhineland? |
The Germans were only 'going into their back-garden' by re-entering an army to the Rhineland. |
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What were the results of the invasion of the Rhineland? |
1. French built up the Maginot line 2. British and French relationship became strained, due to lack of British support 3. Britain began re-arming its forces |
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What was the Pact Of Steel? |
Known formally as the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy, was a military and political alliance between the Kingdom of Italy and Germany |
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When was the Pact of Steel signed? |
1939 |
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Describe how countries were 'protected' under the League of nations? |
Collective security is one type of coalition building strategy in which a group of nations agree not to attack each other and to defend each other against an attack from one of the others, if such an attack is made. |
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What was collective security? |
Collective security is one type of coalition building strategy in which a group of nations agree not to attack each other and to defend each other against an attack from one of the others, if such an attack is made. |
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What was the main piece of Land Gemrnay lost and wanted back? |
Danzig |
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When did America help France withdraw from Vietnam?
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1956
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When were the first American ground units deployed?
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1965
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Why did America invade Vietnam?
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The domino effect
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What was the domino effect?
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The belief that if one country fell to communism it would lead to other, bigger powers also becoming communist.
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Who was the puppet leader for the Americans in South Vietnam?
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Ngo Dinh Diem
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Describe Diem? (4 things)
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1. He was a corrupt
2. Leader of Vietnam from 1955 – 1963 3. Catholic 4. Supported the Rich – lost the support of the peasents |
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Describe strategic hamlets?
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1) Troops burnt down villages
2) Made the villagers build and live in 'strategic hamlets' 3) This meant the Vietcong could not access them to find shelter or food |
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Why did President Johnson replace Kennedy?
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1964
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What did President Johnson say he was going to create and why did this fail?
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He was going to create a Great Society to free America from poverty however the money needed was going into the Vietnam war
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What gave President Johnson the excuse to deploy troops in North Vietnam?
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The Gulf of Tonkin incidents in which American ships were 'attacked'
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Who were American originally at war with?
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The communists in the south
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When was Operation Rolling Thunder began?
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1965
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Why were none of the main northern cities of Vietnam bombed?
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Because of possible USSR interferance
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During ORT what did the Americans have to be careful of?
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Not dropping bombs into Laos, Cambodia and China encase a larger war was sparked, which could possibly involve nukes
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What was the aim of ORT?
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The Americans thought that the Vietnamese would back down after experiencing the power of the USA
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What did ORT loose?
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The hearts and minds of civilians and Americans
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Describe the progression of bombing in ORT?
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Changed from 'surgical bombing' particular targets to 'blanket bombing' across Northern Vietnam
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Name the big bombers that Mr Cope likes.
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B–52's against a third world country
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How did the Vietcong defend against ORT?
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Using USSR supplies such as SAM's (a misile)
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Why were Russia helping the Vietnamese? (three things)
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1) To show off their military power
2) To indirectly fight the Americans 3) To test their misiles |
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When was the American used of Chemical Warfare used?
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1964–70
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Name three types of chemicals used by the Americans
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1. Agent Orange
2. Agent Blue 3. Napalm |
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Describe why ORT was unsuccessful against Vietnam?
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Because it is less industrial and easier to cope and rebuild
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What was Agent Orange and what was its effect?
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A defoliant used to destroy the 4 million acres of jungle, it caused deformities (due to getting in the water supply) which was still evident many decades later
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How much Agent Orange was used?
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20 million tons
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What was Agent blue?
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It was a chemical used to destroy plants and food resources such as rice
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What was napalm?
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Napalm was an inflammable liquid
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Describe the disadvantages of chemical warfare?
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1. Seen to be inhumane and lost hearts and minds
2. Inflicts burns and wounds but doesn't necessarily kill – unacceptable 3. Images changed perception of America 4. Effects years later with cancer and deformities in both Americans and the Vietnamese |
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What was one movement against the Vietnam war?
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The Vietnam Veterans against the war
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When was the Tet Offensive?
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1968 January – Februrary
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What was the Tet Offensive?
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It was a series of surprise military and civilian attacks against the Americans by the VC, it was the largest military operation so far in the war
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When did Nixon become president?
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1969
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How did the Vietcong win the support of the people and why was this important?
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By following the code of conduct so that they could have a place to hide and resources
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Give three points from the Vietnamese code of conduct
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1. Do not damage crops
2. Be polite 3. Be fair |
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How did the Vietcong like to, and not like to fight?
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They avoided face to face combat and preferred tactics on a small scale, through ambushing American patrols this was called 'hit and run'
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Describe the Vietcong tunnels?
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The VC formed an elaborate tunnel system to remain safe from the Americans. They were difficult to find and booby trapped with rooms for medical attention and places to sleep
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What was the American response to VC tunnels?
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Tunnel rats were sent down the tunnels so find documents and useful information. The Americans would also leave explosives down them so after coming back to the surface would blow them up
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Give three examples of VC booby traps?
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1. Snakes, pinned to trees and in pits
2. Pressure sensitive flags (trophy's) 3. Explosive lighters |
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Describe the American response to VC booby traps? (2 things)
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1. Fear – the VC were constantly all around them
2. Creating exploding rifles and leaving them at 'battle scenes' |
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What was the American Response to the hit and run tactics of the VC?
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Search and Destroy
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Describe Search and Destroy?
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1. Americans created bases
2. Americans leave bases 3. Americans go to VC 4. Americans attack 5. Americans retreat |
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Name one US helicopter
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Chinooks
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Name one US bomber
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Phantoms
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What were search and Destroy also know as and why?
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Zippo raids because the Americans burnt down villages to destroy resources using Zippo lighters
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What did search and destroy cause the Americans to loose?
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Hearts and minds of the Vietnamese people as they were slaughtering innocent civilians
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Why was search and destroy unsuccessful?
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Because the Americans didn't hit the main VC bases
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When did the first infantry unit arrive in Vietnam?
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1965
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Describe American air power in search and destroy?
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The Americans used divisions of 500 helicopters and heavy bombing, after finding a large group of VC the air power would attack
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What was a main event in search and destroy gone wrong?
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The My Lai Massacre
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When was the My Lai Massacre?
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1968
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Describe the American perception of themselves?
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The Americans thought they were the good guys protecting innocent civilians and the world against communism
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Describe what happened in the My Lai Massacre?
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1. Three platoons of soldiers landed in My Lai2. Lt. Calley calimed the group supported the VC
3. The execution of 500 unarmed old men, women and children occured |
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Describe the brutality of My Lai?
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1. Some victims were raped, beaten and tortured
2. Some dead bodies were mutilated |
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Describe the cover up of My Lai?
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My Lai was covered up for a year until a journalist exposed it. Many soldiers who knew about it did nothing.
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Describe the effect of My Lai
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1. Americans could not be trusted – might not have been the only massacre
2. Lost world faith in America 3. Colour TV and images were shown of the brutality |
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What did Nixon describe the tragedy as?
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Inexcusable and terrible
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What was the name of the captain above Lt. Calley?
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Captain Medina
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What was Medina's reasoning for killing the innocent civilians anyway?
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They would at least be communist sympathisers
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Describe how the blame was placed after My Lai?
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Lt. Calley was used as 'the escape goat' and was the only person prosecuted
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Describe Media in Vietnam
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1. The Americans had footage uncensored
2. TV and images were often in colour 3. Horrific images caused American actions to be doubted |
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Describe how the Vietnamese used tactics? (4 ways)
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1. Guerrilla Tactics
2. Weapons from Russia and China 3. Used the Ho Chi Minh trail through Laos and Cambodia 4. "hanging onto the belts"of the Americans |
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Describe the way the Americans used tactics?
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1. High Tech war (bombers and chemicals)
2. Strategic hamlets 3. Patrols with air support 4. Search and Destroy |
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Where did Americans lure the VC?
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Ia Drang
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When was the event at Ia Drang?
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1965
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Who was Ia Drang under?
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General Westmoreland
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What happened atIa Drang?
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Lured the VC to attack American force then destroyed them with massive air force
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When was Operation Phoenix started?
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1968
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What Operation did the CIA launch?
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Phoenix
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What did Operation Phoenix do?
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Arresting, interrogating and killing suspected Vietcong activists.
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What is the NVA?
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The 'North Vietnamese army' or the 'Peoples Army'
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How many men did the NVA loose in the Tet Offensive?
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45,000 men
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Who won the Tet offensive?
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The Americans, however it made them realise that they could not defeat the VC
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What did the Tet Offesnive show the VC
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That they could not defeat the Americans with direct attack
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Describe how the Americans' tactics merely helped them to lose."
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Used to a militaristic, business like high tech approach. This was not effective on the VC as they could cope with casualties and destruction of towns and resources as they were not industrial. The Americans attempted to play to the VC's tactics in the end, whilst still using their power to their advantage however they did not adapt quick enough to VC tactics.
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What is the quote that describes the Americans VS the VC's tactics
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"The Vietcong's tactics helped them to defeat the Americans; the Americans' tactics merely helped them to lose."
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Describe the basic principle of Guerliia tactics used by the VC during the period of time they were occupied by the french?
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Hit and run using suprise at night time
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|
|
Who did the VC kill as part of Guerliia tactics to gain support of the locals?
|
Tax collectors and the police
|
|
|
How did the VC used Guerliia tactics to infaltrate the americans?
|
The VC got into the US camp[s for soilders dissgused as civillians who did simple tasks such as washing and cleaning
|
|
|
Why did Guerilla tactics make it difficult for the enemy?
|
1. They didn't get to know their enemy
2. They were always unprepared 3. They couldn't easily fight back |
|
|
Who did the VC used Guerilla tactics to attack american patrols?
|
1. Booby traps on known routes of enemy patrol
2. Plant bombs on known routes of enemy patrol |
|
|
Describe some features of the VC tunnels?
|
1. Weapon Stores
2. Sleeping areas 3. Kitches 4. Hospitals |
|
|
Describe the defnece of the VC tunnels?
|
1. Trip wired all the way through
2. Difficult to find – landscape 3. Booby trapped |
|
|
Describe what the VC tunnels showed?
|
The level of organistaion and determination of the VC
|
|
|
What did the Anericans claim the VC tunnels showed?
|
Bombing was working
|
|
|
How did the North Vietnamese get their weapons and supply?
|
Ho Chi Minh Trail:
1. Over 600 miles long 2, Elaborate – more than one route 3. In some places over 50 miles wide 4. Open 24 hrs 5. Had dummy routes |
|
|
Describe what Guerllias needed to continue using their tactics?
|
The 'hearts and minds' of the people
|
|
|
Whjat does the term 'hanging onto the belt' of the americans means?
|
Staying so close to the Americans so they could not use air or artillery backup without killing their own men.
|
|
|
Why did placing Diem as leader cause America to loose the war?
|
It made the citizens resent America because they believed that all Americans were like Diem. The peasants hated him as he ruled in favor of Rich Catholics and so turned to the communists
|
|
|
What is the ARVN?
|
Army of the Republic of Vietnam (Army of the South)
|
|
|
What is the RVN?
|
The Republic of the South
|
|
|
What can the Vietnam War be described as and why?
|
Asymmetric Warfare because the military power and tactis differed greatley between the two powers
|
|
|
What was the VC and when was it created?
|
It was a military arm of the National Liberation Front (NLF) and NVA. Created in 1960 as an attempt to combat the struggle in South Vietnam.
|
|
|
What was the NVA?
|
1. The People's Army of Vietnam
2. Development of the Viet Minh |
|
|
Where did the VC originate from?
|
Many of the members from the Viet Minh joined the VC
|
|
|
What was the NFL?
|
1. The National liberation front
2. Formed in 1960 3. Political Organisation that wanted to reunite the North and the South – the VC was the army arm of the NFL |
|
|
What where peope in the NVA called?
|
PAVN
|
|
|
Describe the Tet Offensive and Media
|
1. It was a military failure for North Vietnam, but the media reported told a contrary story.
2. The media missed the winning story of the big picture. 3. The public misled by the media viewed the offensive as a triumph for the communists and quickly changed their opinions against the war. |
|
|
Describe Media after the Tet Offensive?
|
1. Media coverage of the war was negative.
2. Images of both civilian and military casualties were increasingly televised. 3. Iconic pictures of the war: 'The Execution of a Vietcong Guerilla' or 'The Napalm Girl' exerted a negative and lasting influence on the public feeling. As the war became uglier on screen, its public support also declined significantly. |
|
|
Give the order of Presidents of the united states and their election dates?
|
1. Eisenhower 1953 – 1961
2. JF. Kennedy 1961 – 1963 3. LB. Johnson 1963 – 1969 4. Richard Nixon 1969 – 1974 5. G. Ford 1974–1977 |
|
|
Give one disadvantage of the South Vietnamese goverment after the assassination of Diem?
|
There was a period of instabiliyt, which in turn lead to instabiliyt in South Vietnam. There was no direct leader.
|
|
|
What was the US cost of the war?
|
In the entire war, the United States spent about $140 billion which is worth around $950 billion in 2011 dollars
|
|
|
How were the Communists and South seperated after the first Indo–Chia war?
|
The 17 th parallel North which divided the country into two
|
|
|
Why did America loose the war because of Censor ship?
|
1. Heart and Minds
2. Colours 3. No restrictions 4. Censorship in Vietnam |
|
|
Describe America Tour of Duty?
|
The US troops served One year. Then they would return home. This meant that by the time the new people were less 'green' and had become accustomed to fighting they were shipped out and replaced with further 'green' people.
|
|
|
What type of Wrafare was America planining to use – describe it!
|
Conventional warfare is a form of warfare conducted by usingconventional weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation. The forces on each side are well–defined, and fight using weapons that primarily target the opponent's military.
|
|
|
Describe the aid JFK and LBJ recieved during the war?
|
McNamera worked as the Sercutary of Defense from 1961 – 1968 and he played a major role in escalating the United States involvement in the Vietnam War.
|
|
|
Other than Gureilla Warfare what other form of warfrae did the VC use?
|
The basic concept behind Protracted war/People's War is to maintain the support of the population. (Hearts and Minds) The strategy of people's war was used heavily by the Viet Cong in the Vietnam War.
|
|
|
Describe the attitude of the VC?
|
Determined. They were not going to give in easily and were willing o take the casualties if it meant using up the Americans bullets.
|
|
|
Describe the treatment of Buddhists (what portion of the population where they?) by the South Government?
|
1. 80% of people were Buddhists
2. Restricted, large meetings and flags 3. Protests and clashes |
|
|
Describe the main form of Buddhist protest covered by the media?
|
The Vietnamese Buddhist monk who burned himself to death at a busy Saigon road in 1963 – showed the world America was doing something wrong
|
|
|
After the WW2 what happened in Indo – China?
|
1. France collaborates with Japanese aggression and occupy bases in Vietnam while France rules
2. Japan gains direct role and recognises Vietnam independence 3. British and US assist France to regain colonial control in Vietnam |
|
|
When does the first Indo–China war begin?
|
1946
|
|
|
What was Ho Chi Minh associated with?
|
Communism and Nationalism
|
|
|
What was the 'silent majority' in Americans?
|
Those who supported U.S action in Vietnam
|
|
|
What term was used by Nixon to describe the majority of the people in the USA
|
'Silent Majority'
|
|
|
What was the Nixon Doctrine? When was it?
|
Nixon Doctrine
The policy declared by President Nixon in 1969 that the U.S. would supply arms but not military forces to its allies in Asia and elsewhere. |
|
|
What signaled the beginning of the porcess of Vietnamistaion?
|
The Nixon Doctrine
|
|
|
What did Vietnam become officially called in 1976?
|
The socialist Republic of Vietnam
|
|
|
What was the killing of US superior officers by soilders so not to be sent on combat missions called?
|
Fragging
|
|
|
What was Johnsons quote about the Domino theory that he was famous for?
|
The bully at the porch quote – "he'll rape your wife in your own bed"
|
|
|
Who worked out the peace agreement with North Vietnam in 1972?
|
Kissinger
|
|
|
When was peace between north vietnam and the US made?
|
1972
|
|
|
As the NVA conquered Vietnam, how did they treat the south?
|
The offered a choice for reformation
|
|
|
Who were the 'boat people', during what period did they exist?
|
South Vietnam Refugees who left Vietnam by boat after the war and into the 1990's
|
|
|
How mnay US soilders died in the Vietnam war?
|
58,000
|
|
|
How many Vietnam Veterens were said to suffered physchological after effects?
|
700,000
|
|
|
How were the US soilders depicted badly by the media?
|
1. Full Uniform
2. Holding Guns 3. Expensive technology against a third world country |
|
|
What did the media allow the war in Vietnam to become?
|
The first 'living room' war.
|
|
|
How were the Americans shown the horro of the war through media?
|
1. Daily news
2. Colour TV – more lifelike 3. Protests – Kent State, 1971 Veterans March |
|
|
Which events shown through media weaken the Americna reputation? Give their occurrence dates.
|
1. My Lai Massacre 19682. The Tet Offensive 1968
3. Operation Rolling Thunder 1965 – 1970 |
|
|
Describe how Media was used through amagazines to broadcast dissaporavl of the war?
|
1. Life Magazine published editions with images of the dead
2. NBC News reported situation as Chaotic |
|
|
How did media depicted to reflect the war?
|
Biased, anti US and pro Vietnam to increase support against the fighting
|
|
|
Describe the type of training the VC and NVA had?
|
Farmers with little training
|
|
|
Who made up the majority of Americna troops/
|
Poor black Americans – doubted why they were fighting, seemed no cause
|
|
|
Describe how the ARVN aided the North?
|
Many were not comitted to fighting with the US and acted as spies for the VC
|
|
|
From where did the North have support?
|
1. China
2. USSR 3. North Korea |
|
|
From where did America have support?
|
1. South Vietnam
2. South Korea 3. Australia |
|
|
How mnay from the NVA died?
|
900,000
|
|
|
How mnay from the ARVN died?
|
600,000
|
|
|
How many US troops were deployed in 1965?
|
200,000
|
|
|
When did French orignally take control of Vietnam?
|
1858
|
|
|
When was the ICP formed?
|
1930
|
|
|
What was the ICP?
|
IndoChineseCommunist Party formed by Ho Chi Minh
|
|
|
When did Japan invade Vietnam?
|
1941
|
|
|
When does Vietnam have independence and why?
|
in 1945, Because the Vietnamese defeat the Japanese
|
|
|
When does the coldwar begin?
|
1945
|
|
|
What is the policy committed to by the USA in 1948? Give its definition?
|
Policy of Containment
Communist governments will eventually fall apart as long as they are prevented from expanding their influence. |
|
|
When is Dien Bien Phu?
|
1954
|
|
|
When is Vietnam split?
|
1954
|
|
|
What does Diem cancel? When does he cancel it? And what was it's set date?
|
1. Elections
2. 1955 3. 1965 |
|
|
When is Diem oerthrown and assassinated?
|
1963
|
|
|
When was the Golf of Tonkin incident?
|
1964
|
|
|
When was the Tet Offensive?
|
1968
|
|
|
When was the My Lai Massacre?
|
1968
|
|
|
When does Ho Chi Minh die?
|
1969
|
|
|
What were the pentagon papers?
|
The Pentagon Papers was the name given to a secret Department of Defense study of U.S. political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967
|
|
|
How was the pentagon papers leaked?
|
Daniel Ellsberg secretly photocopied the report and in March 1971 gave the copy to The New York Times,
|
|
|
Who leaked the Pentagon papers?
|
Daniel Ellsberg (who had worked on the study) came to oppose the war, and decided that the information contained in the Pentagon Papers should be more widely available to the American public.
|
|
|
Describe the quantity of the material in the pentagon papers?
|
It contained 3,000 pages of narrative along with 4,000 pages of supporting documents.
|
|
|
Who commissioned the Pentagon papers to be created?
|
Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara
|
|
|
Who were the pentagon papers given to, and when?
|
The New York times in 1971, the Times published a series of daily articles based on the information contained in the Pentagon Papers
|
|
|
What impact did the Pentagon Papers have?
|
1. Government was shown as dishonest
2. Citizens of America had little faith in their government 3. World image of America changed |
|
|
What did the full bright hearings investigate and who lead them?
|
In 1971 a committee led by William Fulbright investigated the Vietnam War hoping to giving advice on how to end US involvement there.
|
|
|
As the Fulbright hearings developed what was uncovered?
|
As people gave evidence, more emerged about the inhumane behaviour of US troops in Vietnam. My Lai was not just an isolated incident. Such behaviour had been encouraged by the military leadership. The effect of these hearings was to raise questions at an official Government level about the purpose of US involvement in Vietnam.
|
|
|
Who and how many people gave evidence at the Fulbright hearings?
|
22 senators and politicians
|
|
|
What, was the most damning statement in the Fulbright Hearings and who gave it?
|
John Kerry who represented Vietnam Veterans against the war. He gave info on the Winter Slider Investigation which revelled information about atrocities and war crimes with the approval of the officers
|
|
|
What did the Fulbright hearings result in?
|
1. Further Protests against Vietnam
2. Proved that My Lai was not an isolated incident 3. It became apparent the USA would have to seek peace in vietnam |
|
|
When was the Geneva Conference?
|
1954
|
|
|
What was the Geneva Conference?
|
The sorting of peace in Indo–china following the defeat of France at Dien Bien Phu
|
|
|
Why did France loose Dien Bien Phu?
|
1. Viet Minh had Chicness and Russian
2. End of Korean War allowed for China's and Russias greater focus on Vietnam 3. Giap was willing to accept large losses 4. Lack of American military support 5. Valley – bad location 6. French were heavily outnumbered |
|
|
Who was Giap?
|
Giap was a General in the Vietnam People's Army and a politician. Giap is considered one of the greatest military strategists of all time.
|
|
|
What was the boat that was theoretically threatened by the North Vietnamese boats?
|
The maddox
|
|
|
What did the Gulf of Tonkin give Johnson?
|
The excuse to increase US military intervention in Vietnam
|
|
|
What was the capital of North Vietnam?
|
Hanoi
|
|
|
What was the capital of South Vietnam?
|
Saigon
|
|
|
What was the North Vietnam claimed body count?
|
North Vietnam claimed 1.1 million soldiers and noncombatants died
|
|
|
What is a credibility gap?
|
An apparent difference between what is said or promised and what happens or is true.
|
|
|
How can the phrase credibility gap be applied to the Vietnam war?
|
It was used to describe the credibility of Lyndon B. Johnson statements and policies on the Vietnam war
|
|
|
What were counterinsurgency forces?
|
Military or political action taken against the activities of guerrillas or revolutionaries.
|
|
|
What were the VC strengths that resulted in US defeat?
|
1. Guerilla Wrafare
2. Tunnels 3. Hearts and Minds 4. Ho Chi Minh Trail 5. Assistance from China and the USSR 6. Propaganda – portraying the Americans as foreigners interfering in the south |
|
|
What were the US weaknesses which resulted in US defeat?
|
1. Tactis that lacked clear planning
2. Unenthusiastic soldiers 3. The capability to respond to Guerilla Warfare 4. Lacking support of many South civilians 5. Coping with the conditions in South Vietnam |
|
|
What was the importance of public opinion relating to the faliure of the US in vietnam?
|
1. Influcenced Nixons policy of Vietnamisation
2. Affected the morale of troops who did not understand US reasons for involvement |
|
|
What three reasons made the US become involved in Vietnam before the Gulf of Tonkin inciddent?
|
1. Containament
2. ARVN's Weakness and South withdrawal 3. Domino theory |
|
|
How were the US initially involved in Vietnam?
|
Simply as advisors who sort to help the people out there. However this escaulated after the attack on the Maddox in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident
|
|
|
What was Johnsons quote about being involved in only South Vietnam?
|
Johnson became convinced that action in South Vietnam alone would never win the war: "We are swatting flies when we should be going after the manure pile."
|
|
|
What did US advisors suggest should occur to defeat tge VC?
|
US advisers believed that good government and an efficient, large–scale war would defeat the Vietcong.
|
|
|
After sending money and addvisors to Diem, what was the next step in the escalation of the war? |
In 1963, the US supported a military coup, which murdered Diem and put a military government in South Vietnam.
|
|
|
Which state in 1871 brought all the others under its control?
|
Prussia
|
|
|
What happened to the Kaiser at the end of WW1?
|
He was abdicated fled Germany and went to the Netherlands
|
|
|
What first happened in Weimar Germany?
|
1. Many soldiers sailors and workers in various towns and cities set up their own councils to govern themselves.
2. It looked as though Germany would follow Russia in the communist revolution 3. A democracy had to be formed |
|
|
Describe the set up of the Weimar republic?
|
1. Elections held in Germany
2. Because of the riots in Berlin the new government first met in Weimar 3. This was 150 miles away from Berlin |
|
|
Describe the head of state of Weimar?
|
It had to be elected
|
|
|
Describe the signing of the armistice?
|
1. Sent representatives to sign it
2. Thought it would be based on the 14 points 3. The Weimar government was accused of having stabbed the German army in the back by signing the treaty |
|
|
Describe how Germany thought they would be treated after the end of world war one?
|
1. Thought it would be based upon the 14 points
2. Thought all countries would be treated in the same far – all would have to disarm 3. Germans not allowed to take part in negotiations 4. Germany was to be punished 5. They had to sign |
|
|
Why was Germany angry about the war guilt clause?
|
1. Because they were blamed for the war
2. They didn't feel they were entirely responsible 3. The thought all major countries had contributed to the start of war 4. They then had to pay reparations 5. Military and territorial losses |
|
|
What did Germanys loss of land go against?
|
The principle of self determination
|
|
|
Describe German public reaction to the terms of the treaty of Versailles?
|
1. There were mass protests and demonstrations
2. Most Germans wanted to carry on fighting 3. A period of national mourning was declared |
|
|
In 1918 who took over as Germany?
What did he work hard to do? |
Friedrich Ebert
Restore order and stop communists taking over |
|
|
Who was the first president of the Weimar?
What part of the political spectrum was Ebert? Describe political responses to Ebert? |
Ebert
He was a moderate He was hated by both left wing and communists |
|
|
What is a constitution?
|
The way in which a society is governed with agreed rules
|
|
|
Describe the constitution of the Weimar republic?
|
1. Very democratic
2. All men and women over 20 allowed to vote 3. All different parties to have a say in the government 4. Proportional representation |
|
|
What was proportioan representation?
|
The head of the government had to have the support of the majority in the Reichstag
|
|
|
Where is Germnay had its own state government?
|
Prussia and Bavaria
|
|
|
How long was the head of state in power for?
|
seven years
|
|
|
Describe the weaknesses of the Weimar republic?
|
1. The president could dismiss the chancellor if he wanted
2. Could use article 48 to suspend democracy 3. Many political parties – difficult to get a majority always a coalition government 4. Right wing and left wing parties wanted to destroy democracy 5. most judges were right wing and didn't deal severely with those with similar views |
|
|
In 1919 who was mainly in favour (political)?
|
Moderate
|
|
|
Describe the Weimar republic and food n 1918
|
Germany was producing just over half it was before the war and the allied blockade made it impossible to import food
|
|
|
Describe illness after in 1919?
|
1. Many suffered badly
2. Spanish flu 3. Half a million died of the epidemic |
|
|
When did the leaders of the Spartacists support the uprising?
What did this show? |
Only after it had started
It was badly organised |
|
|
Who crushed the Spartacists uprising?
What happened to the leaders? What did the crushers do after this? |
The freikorps
They were killed Crushed several communist uprisings |
|
|
Who were the Freikorps?
|
Army officers who did not want to be demobilised and had no jobs or homes to go to
Wanted to see Germany as a great country and restore German pride They hated communists They formed unofficial units found weapons and used by Evert to defeat enemies using brutality Their success gave them credibility and self belief |
|
|
Who led the Kapp Putsch (not wolfgang)?
What was raised in Berlin? |
5000 Freikorps
The pre 1914 imperial flag |
|
|
What caused hyperinflation?
|
Food prices had been rising anyway after the war but it was the announcement of the reparations by the allies
|
|
|
Describe the violence in the Ruhr and what this lead to/
|
1. Germans had to show their passports when entering or leaving the Ruhr
2.Bitterness increased 3. Sporadic violence broke out 4. Germans shot when refusing to work 5. 150 000 Germans removed |
|
|
How did the Ruhr increase hyperinflation?
|
1. Strike increased shortage of materials
2. Pushed up prices 3. Government printed more notes 4. Printed larger numbers on each note 5. Prices spiralled out of control |
|
|
Who suffered most from hyperinflation?
|
1. Those on fixed income
2. Pensioners 3. Savings that became worthless 4. Workers |
|
|
Who benefited from hyperinflation?
|
1. Those with debts or loans
2. landowners 3. Those dealing in foreign currencies 4. Rich – take over buinesses |
|
|
What were reparations like after the Dawes plan?
|
They would be paid back on the basis of what German could afford
|
|
|
What destroyed the intentions of the 1929 young plan?
|
The wall street crash
|
|
|
Describe Germany in Russia in 1922 and what this allowed?
|
1. Treaty of Rapallo in 1922
2. Allowed to build factories in Russia producing planes, tanks and posion gas |
|
|
Under the Locarno pacts what was not specified?
|
Germany's eastern boundaries with Poland
|
|
|
What is 1923–29 under Stresemann referred as?
|
The golden era
|
|
|
Describe German economy in 1928?
|
1. Industrial production was greater than pre war levels
2. Rivalled Paris as central capital of Europe 3. Art and plays and films became a big part of the culture |
|
|
What movement effected architecture and design? Describe it?
|
The Balhaus movement
Bold designs and unusual materials |
|
|
The famous book publsihed in 1929? |
All Quiet on the Western Front |
|
|
Beneath the glittery surface of the Golden 20's what lay? |
1. Political opponents of the democracy 2. Hindenburg being elected - dislike the democracy 3. Support for Nazi and Communisum increased 4. Relied upon American loans 5. Greater imports than exports 6. Unemployemnt |
|
|
When was Hindendburg elected? What was he? Who old was he? |
1925 A critic of the new democracy 78 |
|
|
Describe the decline in moral standards during the 1920's? |
1. Artistic movements - unpatriotic 2. Cabaret shows and nightclubs increased 3. Trasvestite parties 4. Obsessed with Sex |
|
|
When was adolf bron? |
1889 |
|
|
What did Hitler win in WW1? |
Medals for bravery |
|
|
What did the SA do? |
1. Sworn obidenace to Nazi party 2. Broke up meetings of other political parties 3. Encouraged violence |
|
|
What did Hitler want to do? |
Copy Mussolini and his march on Rome in 1922 |
|
|
Describe the Swastika? How else did the Nazi's spread their propaganda? |
1. Designed by Hitler 2. Colours had been the symbols of Germany's flag under the Kaiser The newspaper the people's observer |
|
|
Who did Hitler undergo the Munich putsch with? How many supporters did they have? Where were they met? How did Hitler leave? |
General Ludendorff 3000 In a narrow street With a dislocated shoulder |
|
|
Who was trialled for the Munich Putsch? What did Hitler use the trial for? What did he play on? What was in sentence and what did he serve? |
Ludendorff, hitler and Rohm Propaganda it was covered in many newspapers The right wing sympathies of the judges Five years and 9 months |
|
|
What did Hitler write in prison? What did this mean? What did it depict? |
Mein Kampf My struggle Hitler's political ideas and outlines of his life |
|
|
What were Hitlers main political ideas? |
1. The Germans were a superior race 2. Dictatorship is essential to build up the strength of Germany 3. Communism must be destroyed 4. German people need Lebensraum 5. Germany's natural allies were Britain and Italy |
|
|
Popularity of the Nazi party after the putsch? Describe what hitler used time after to do? How many members in 1929? How many more votes did the communists get in 1928? |
They lost credibility and decreased in members Reorganise the party and set up local branches 100,000 Four times more |
|
|
Who were main Nazi supporteres in 1920's? Why? What else did Hitler promise if he came to power? |
Peasants, Farmers and Craft groups Because they were not sharing in the prosperity of the cities More traditional lifestyle with rid of the artistic |
|
|
Describe the Nazi's position in Germany in 1929? |
They had little support but were well placed to take advantage of a downturn in Germany's fortunes |
|
|
What happened as unemployment in Germnay soared? What did they offer to Germany? |
The support for extremist parties did also - the communists and the Nazis Provide solutions to Germany's economic and social problems |
|
|
When was the Gestapo formed? |
1933 |
|
|
What did America demand from Germany after the Wall street crash? How many were unemployed in 1932? Describe the political impact of the crash? |
To repay the loans given out in 1924 6 million Several small parties` |
|
|
Who did the communists try to appeal to? Who did the Nazi's try and appeal to? After the wall street crash? |
The poor working class Businessmen and unemployed workers |
|
|
When was Josef Goebbels appointed head of propaganda? What did he make his posters do? |
1929 Target particular groups of people suitable for ther audience |
|
|
Describe the SA and how they discredited the communists? |
Threatened political opponents and created an atmosphere of chaos by disrupting other party meetings and beating up memebers. They then blamed the communists for this |
|
|
Describe article 48? |
It allowed the president in an emergency to make laws without consulting the Reichstag |
|
|
Why was Hindenburg respected? Between 1930 and 32 who was the Chancellor of Germany? |
He was a First World War Hero Bruning (two dots over the o) |
|
|
Describe Bruning and what he did as Chancellor? |
1. Raised taxes 2. Cut the unemployment benefit 3. Reduced the salaries of government employees |
|
|
How did Hitler appeal to the population after the wall street crash? |
1. Appealed to their nationalism 2. Used belief that Germany had been stabbed in the back 3. Balmed the Jews for financial ills |
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Describe Von Papen as Chancellor? |
1. Appointed 1932 2. Not enough supporters to rule 3. Called election 1932 at which Nazi's gained many seats 4. 1932 called another election lost even more support 5. Resigned |
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When did the Nazi's become the largest political party? |
1932 |
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How did Hindenburg attempt to reduce the power of Hitler after being appointed as Chancellor? |
1. Making von papen the Vice Chancellor 2. Restriciting the number of Nazi's in the cabinet to two |
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When was the Reichstag fire? What was the significance of this? |
1933 Hitler had just called for an election in early 1933 |
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Who did Hitler claim had started the reichstagg fire? What did the communists think about the reichstag fire? |
Communists - specifically Van der Lube It was a Nazi plot and the SA had helped start the fires. Especially considering how hitler made political use of the fire |
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What did Hitler persuade Hindenburg to do the day after the Reichstag fire? What did this do? |
Pass an emergency decree using Article 48 The law for 'protection of the people and state' gave Hitler sweeping powers to arrest anyone suspected of opposing the government |
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What did the emergency Decree allow Hitler to do? What did the SA do? |
Act against his political opponenets and arrest them Intimidate and scare Hitler's opponents into open opposition of the Nazi's so they could be arressted |
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What percentage of the Reichstagg did Nazi's get in 1933? Describe Hitler's emotions towards this? How did he overcome opposition from other parties? |
44% Frustration because he wanted more The center party were won over after Hitler promised to protect the Catholic Chruch. This also won over the Nationalists. |
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What gave Hitler complete power? |
The Reichstag memebers passed the Enabling act |
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How did Hitler get rid of the communist party? How did he get rid of other parties? How did Hitler stop new parties? How did Hitler remove communist supporters in trade unions? How did he remove opposition from the catholics? |
1. He banned them after the Reichstagg 2. He later banned them 3. He passed a law against the formation of other parties 4. He abolished them and replaced them with Nazi ones 5. He signed the concordat |
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What in 1933 was giving the Nazi party a bad reputation? How many members did it have? Who was its leader? |
Hitler was not in full control of the SA who were casuing violence and chaos 2 million Ernest Rohm |
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What did Hitler tell the SS to do to the SA and why? |
He told them he wanted to replace them through the night of the long knives. He did this because he feared Rohm and other SA leaders were plotting against him and planning to seize power |
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Describe the events of the night of the long knives? How many were shot? |
The SS arrived at a village near Munich where the SA lmembers had been having a meeting. Some were shot immediatley as they were woken others were put in prison and killed later. 200 |
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Describe who else was kiledn the Night of the long Knives? What did Hitler tell the Reichstag? |
Other political opponenets such as the previous Chancellor von Schleicher He told them he was saving the nations from a war - the Reichstag Mainly Nazi's accepted this without questions |
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When did Hindenburg die? What did Hitler then do? |
1934 He combined the offices of Chancellor and president and bae the Fuhrer |
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How did Hitler get cntrol of the army? |
He made them all swear an oath of aligence |
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Describe Hiler and his attitude towards work? |
He was lazy, he left mostof the work to hers |
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Descrbe he Nazi's and justice system? |
1. They banned the right to trial before imprisonment 2. Judges were replaced with Nazi Supporters 3. The SS and Gestapo could put people in concentration camps 4. Hitler set up the peoples cut |
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What did the Gestapo do? |
It searched out Nazi opponents and had the powers to arrest and imprison. It also uncovered attemps to organise opposiion and used tourture to extract information |
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Describe Concentration camps before the war? |
1. Gestapo could put people in their 2. Originally 100 000 prisoners 3. Mostly political opponents 4. Run by SS guards 5. Beatings were given for minor things 6. Major things resulted in execution |
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Whe did Germany hold the Olympic games? Who filmed most of it? |
1936 Leni Riefenstahl |
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How did Goebbels say the Germna people were most perceptive of propaganda? How did the Nazi party show their power? |
Short slogans and visual images Huge marches and rallies |
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Describe the rallies which showed Nazi power, when were they? |
The Nuremberg rallies from 1933 to 1938 |
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How was Hitler shown as a caring leader? |
1. Photographed with dogs and children 2. Many women adored him 3. Presented as a friendly person |
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Describe propaganda during the 1936 Olympic games? |
1. Nazi Germany on showcase 2. Anti-Jewish campaigns were subdued 3. Left thousands of people with a positive view of Germany |
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When was German radio brought under state control? Describe How Goebbels made sure everyone could hear government announcements? How many were there? |
1934 By setting up loudspeakers in public places 600,000 |
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Describe radios? Describe Newspapers? |
Cheap radios were manufactured so that most families could afford them. Only Nazi-run newspapers allowed |
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Describe the cinema? Describe books? |
Mixture of entertainment and politics Books not approving of the Nazi's were burnt. The works of 2500 writers were banned. |
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Describe the control of education? |
1. They learnt Nazi beliefs 2. Taught Nazi version of the past - Germany had been 'stabbed in the back' in world war one 3. Boys were taught military skills 4. Girls were taught housekeeping 5. Eugenics was introduced - how to make an Aryan race through selective breeding |
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When did Youth movements become compulsory to join? What were they told? What did they do? |
1936 Nazi beliefs Physical exercising and training |
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What made young girls fit to become German mothers? Why did many people like the youth movements? |
They joined the League of German Girls They provided weekends away, camping and hiking. Women could break free of the role of homemaker and travel and meet other people. |
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Describe Hitlers control of the churches? |
1. Hitler hated Christians but kept his views secret as mnay of his supporters were Christinas 2. He knew his support against communisum would help get Christian support 3. He tried to appeal to all denominations 4. Many Churches grouped together to form the Reich church |
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Describe Hitler spending money to decrease unemployment? |
1. Job creation shcemes 2. Road Building - autobahn 3. Building new hospitals and schools and sports stadiums 4. Spent money on the army building aircraft and tanks as well |
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Describe the German Labour front and Public works? |
1. The Labour front organised and directed people into jobs 2. In 1939 they had 44,500 paid officials 1. Public works provided thousands of jobs 2. These included forestry work, water, and construction - this provided jobs |
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Describe the growth of the German army from 1933 to 1939? What did this increase stimulate? |
100,000 to 1.4 million Other industries such as coal, chemical, oil iron and steel. |
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Describe how the Nazis' managed to get the unemployment figure down from 6 million - when this was impossible? |
1. By dissmissing Jews from their jobs, and when they were not calssed as citizens none of them were counted. 2. Woman who left employment with state financial offers to get married were not counted. 3. Opponents of the Nazi's help in concentration camps did not count either |
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What was Hitlers aim surronding imports? What did German still rely upon? Describe what plan was started and when that aimed to achieve this? Why did they want it in this timescale? |
He wanted to make Germany self sufficient because they couldn't afford imports They still relied upon Swedish iron ore The Four Year plan in 1936 aimed to make Germany self sufficient by 1940 so the German economy was ready for war |
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Describe how Lebensraum beame linked with self sufficiency? |
Germany didn't have the resources within its own boundaries so had to expand into others to get them |
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Describe how the Nazi's improved the lives of the workers? |
1. Unemployment had reduced 2. Wages improved 3. Small business did well - no competition with Jewish large shops 4. Big businesses benefited from huge construction projects |
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Describe how a sense of purpose for the unemployed was enforced and when? |
In 1935 it became compulsory for all German men between 18 and 25 to do 6 months on practical projects. They were only given pocket money |
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Describe the Strenght through Joy? |
1. Part of the German Labour front 2. Provided activities for leisure time 3. Ensures a happy workforce 4. Holidays, cruises, theatre visits, sporting events and weekend trips were provided at lower costs 5. Activities for the rich were being provided for the workforce |
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Describe the cars? |
Hitler wanted more Germans to have their own car so created the 'people cars' the Volkswagen |
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Describe how Hitler improved the lives of all the Germans? |
1. Unemployment was faling 2. Pride was increasing - especially after the Olympic games 3. Felt more secure from attack after the remilitarisation of the Rhineland 4. Pride increases after the Anschluss with Austria |
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What summed up the Nazi beliefs of the purpose of women? |
1. Stick to their natural occupations of being wives and mothers 2. Kinder, Kirche, Kuche (Children, Church and Kitchen) |
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Why were the Nazi's worried about the birth rate? Whats did they want to do? How did they do this? |
It had been falling Promote and create a 'racially pure' Aryan race Introducing the Law for the Reduction of Unemployment |
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What wasthe Law for the Reduction of Unemployment and when was it introduced? |
In 1933 gave interest free loans of up to 1000 reichmarks for couples on the condition the wife gave up work. A quater of the loan was cancelled each time a child war born |
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Describe the womans medal ceremonies? What were laws put against? What did Hitler open in 1936 |
Once a year on Hitlers mothers birthday, the most productive mothers were guven special medals Laws were put against abortion Maternity homes - breeding centers |
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Who were matched in Maternity homes? What happened to women in high end jobs? |
Aryan women and SS men They were sacked |
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Describe the appearance of Nazi women? |
1. Hair in plaits or a bun 2. No dyed hair or permed 3. Slimming was criticised as they had to be capable of childbearing |
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Describe why the Nazi policies towards women were not successful? |
1. Priority was given to rearmament - shortage of building materials for homes 2. Young couples wishing to have a family found it difficult to find a suitable home 3. Shortage of workers in late 1930's many women were called back into work 4. Nazi's forced to change their marriage loan shceme- allowed women to take paid work |
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Describe the effect of Nazi policies on German culture? |
1. Cencorship and propaganda 2. Modern art dismissed 3. Plays and films checked for having suitable themes 4. Nightclubs and american music was banned 5. Work of Jewish writers are composers was banned 6. Artists and authors suffered in silence |
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Describe the outweighing of the negatives of Nazi Germany with the positives? |
Initially the benifits outweighed the disadvantages: increased living standards and pride masked the political, social and cultural change which only became evident after the Nazi's had acheieved total control |
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Describe the perception of the Jews? Describe the perception of the Aryan race? What did this make the duty of the Nazi state? |
They were members of an inferior race They were the master race designed to rule over others To was their duty to persecute the Jews |
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Where did Hitler express his dislike for the Jews? What did he accuse the Jews of doing? Describe how many Jews there were in Germany in 1933? |
In Mein Kampf, pamphlets and posters Joining with the communists to cause Germany's defeat in WW1 Half a million |
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When was the official boycott of Jewish shops? When did anti jewish propaganda increase? When were the nuremberg laws enforced? When was the lull in the persecution of the Jews? |
1933 1934 1935 1936 - Berlin games |
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When were Jewish doctors fobbiden to treat Aryans? When did Jews have to have a red letter J stamped in their passport? When was Kristallnacht? |
1938 1938 1938 |
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What caused Kristallnacht? What then was announced? |
A jewish shot and killed a German embassy official in Paris Goebbels announced their should be demonstrations against the Jews |
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Describe the destruction due to Kristallnacht? |
1. 8000 shops and homes destroyed 2. Most of the Synagogues destroyed 3. 100 Jews were killed 4. 20,000 arrested and sent to concentration camps |
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What was the consequences of Kristallnacht? |
1. Jewish shops rented from Germans were destoryed - they were made to pay back 1 billion Reichmarks to repair the damage 2. Remaining jewish businesses were taken away 3. Jewish students were only allowed to attend Jewish schools 4. Jews were expected to do the worst jobs |
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When were Jews officially encouraged to emigrate? Why couldn't many do this? When were the first mass arrests? How many were sent to concentration camps? |
1939 Couldn't afford to do soor get visas 1939 30,000 |
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Describe the treatment of Gypsies? Describe the treatment of tramps and beggars? Describe the treatment of those with disabilities or mental problems? By 1937 how many sterilisation had occurred? |
Place under the 1935 Nuremburg Laws Arrested and put to forced labour They were sterilized as they were seen as a threat to the Aryan race 200,000 men and women |
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When was the Vietminh formed? Who was it formed by? |
When Hapan had taken over the economy of Vietnam - it was formed as a resistance movement Ho Chi Minh |
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Describe What Vietnam had initially been part of? What happened in 1945? When were the French defeated? |
The French empire The defeat of Japan 1954 |
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Where was the French defeated? What divided conferance divided Vietnam? Describe each side? |
Dien Bien Phu The Geneva Conference The north was communists and the south was anti-cvommunist |
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Why did the US support South Vietnam? Describe the relation between the government of South Vietnam? What aid was provided to the government by the USA? |
Because they didn't want it to also fall to communisum It was not popular with its people Military advisors and some economic support |
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In what year did the USA become commited to protecting South Vietnam? What were the communists in the south called? What were the communists in the north called? |
1964 The Vietcong The Vietminh |
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When did the Us invade cambodia? When was the US bombing of North Vietnam? When were the Paris peace talks? |
1970 1972 1973 |
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How did the success of Guerilla warfare depend upon the people? With this tactic what did the Vietcong hope to do? |
It relied upon them to provide shelter and food so they could take control of the towns and cities of South Vietnam Wear down the Americans and destroy their morale through fighting an enemy they couldn't see |
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Who were the Vietcong? What did the follow? How did they perpetrate American forces? |
They were male and female recruits from south and north vietnam The code of conduct to win the support of villagers By getting jobs washing and cleaning |
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Why did the Vietcong build tunnels? Why was it claimed the tunnels were built? |
Because they could not assume they would be safe in the villages from attack or bombing Because the American bombing tactics were working |
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Were did the Vietcong get their weapons from? How did the Vietnamese prevent their trails getting bombed? What was this called? |
From North Vietnam Building them through Laos and Cambodia The Ho Chi Minh trail |
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Describe how the Vietnamese routes were hidden and prevented from being shut? |
1. Dummy routes 2. The dense tropical forest provided good cover 3. 600 miles in length 4. Over 50 miles wide in places |
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What was the US economic response to Guerilla warfare? |
1. Pour investment into Vietnam 2. Peasants were helped to improve their farming methods 3. Communications were improved through the construction of roads 4. Town, schools and clinics were built 5. Refugees fleeing North Vietnam were provided with homes 6. Democracy was encouraged |
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What was the prupose of the US economic response to Guerilla warfare? Describe where this is not effective? |
1. Shows the USA was on South Vietnam's side 2. Wins hearts and minds 3. Made some towns and cities loyal to the government 4. Less effective in the rural areas 5. More resources used to defeat the communist |
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What was the second approach to Guerilla tactis? |
The military one - bomb them into submission and use 'search and destroy'. it also lead to the use of chemical weapons |
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Describe the Gulf of Tonkin incident? |
1. US destroyer - the Maddox was attacked by 3 North Vietnamese patrol boats 2. No damage was done but Johnson exaggerated the incident 3. The next day there was a second attack - this is now doubted to have occurred 4. Johnson gave the order to bomb boat bases across Vietnam to 'protect the south' 5. Operation rolling thunder and troops deployed in Vietnam |
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Describe search and destory and helicopters? |
1. Helicopters carried samll numbers of troops to launch suprise attacks 2. Because they were fast - gave the communists little warning and little chance to escape 3. The village was then searched 4. If any vietcong presence was found the village was destroyed |
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Describe the treatment of Vietcong suspects? |
1. Tourtered to get information on other Vietcong 2. Search and destroy resulted in extreme violence 3. Revenge for lost comrades 4. Many Americans Suffered panic attacks 5. Resulted in 'find and kill' and american |
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What were the chemcial weapons used reffered to as? Describe the effect on the world? |
The Rainbow herbicides They were in horror, inhumane didn't always kill |
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What did the Mai Lai Masscare sum up? |
The problems the US forceds hadin fighting the Vietcong and in trying to defeat guerilla warfare |
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How was the Mai Lai Massacre stopped? |
When three soilders in a helicopter landed between the troops and civillians and threatened to open fire on the americans. They were intially treated as traitors and found mutilated animals on their door steps however later were regareded as war heros |
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Describe the two photographs that had the main effects on the public? |
1. Napalm girl 2. Execution of a vietcong suspect |
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Why did the Americans come across bad in comparrsion to the Vietnamese in the media? |
Because the North Vietnamese kept a tight control on information , so their atrocities were not leaked. The image of North Vietnam was of an undeveloped nation. It was asymmetrical warfare |
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Why did many people through till 1973 continue to support the war? |
1. Patriotic duty 2. Fear of communisum |
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Describe draft cards? |
1. Men didn't want to be conscripted 2. The richer middle class avoided it 3. Draft card burning in the streets 4. Went back to college 5. Medical certificates 6. Left the USA |
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When was the protest in Chicago? How many demonstrators were there? When did people protest outside the white house? How many people were there? |
1968 100,000 1968 35,000 |
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When was the Vietnam Veterns against the war formed? Who where they? When was their march? How many people took part? |
1967 Former US soldiers who had fought in Vietnam 1971 300,000 |
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Describe young people and the government? What did they protest about and why? |
Many Americans dropped out of society and developed a extravagant culture. They opposed the establishement. Civil rights movements and Vietnam because it affected people of their age range |
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Describe the protests at universities? |
1. On campuses 2. Mainly peaceful 3. Some got out of control 4. Clashes with the police and national guard |
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When was kent state? How many students protested? What did the guardsmen use? What happened when this run out? How many students were killed? How many were wounded? |
1970 1000 Tear Gas Retreated but students threw rocks 4 - they weren't even part of the demonstration 9 |
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What was the importance of Kent state? |
1. Went against key rights of a democracy 2. Spread in the media 3. More protests and condemnation of US action in vietnam 4. Nixon realised war could not be won with so much opposition from inside the US 5. The age group was against the war |
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Who lead the Fulbright hearings? What board had the hearings? How many people gave evidence? What was the purpose of the hearings? Who was the leader of the Vietnam veterans? |
William Fulbright The Senate Foreign Affairs Committee 22 Considering proposals and advice to end the war in Vietnam John Kerry |
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What were the consequences of the Fulbright hearings? |
1. War attrocities like Mai lai were revealed 2. Provided further protests against the Vietnam war but was official 3. Made it apparent the US needed to seek peace |
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In 1968 how many troops were in Vietnam? When was the Tet Offensive? What did the communists do? What did they attack? Why was it different to how they usually fought? Why did they do it? |
Over half a million 1968 Attacked cities and US bases in a plan It was not guerilla warfare - a direct attack on a stronger enemy They wanted to end the war as quickly as possible |
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Describe media coverage and portest against the vietnam war? |
1. Time magazine - photographs of the dead 2. Many songs against the war 3. Famous photographs |
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In the Tet offensive name three places attacked? What was captured? What did the NVA expect, but didn't get? What did this show? Describe the consequences of the actions? |
Hue, Danang, Saigon The Us embassy, the main radio station The expected support from the South vietnamese, but they did not, this shows the support of South Vietnam lay with the US. They surffered heavy losses for little gain |
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How long did it take for the Americans to end the Tet offensive? What did the US see the tet offensive as? How many vietcong had been killed? |
48 hours A victory - the north vietnamese attack had failed 30,000 - they never recovered from their losses |
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What was the result of Tet? What was the perception of the offensive by the american public? What did they want? |
North engaged in pecae talks They saw saigon being destroyed, the civilian casualties and refugees - it seemed as if the Americans were losing a war that couldn't be won End it as soon as possible before more lives were lost |
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What did General Westmoreland want? Who refused As a result of the tet, what happened in the government? What did he promise? |
200,000 more troops to 'finish off the job' Johnson didn't go for re-election and Nixon was elected To end the war in Vietnam |
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Whe were peace talks in paris in vietnam initiated? Why had North Vietnam agreed to come? How long would they last - what is the significance? |
1968 If the US stopped the bombing On and off for five years - difficult to find an agreement |
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What did the US want in vietnam at the pecae talks? What did North Vietnam want in vietnam at the peace talks? |
1. South to be independant from forign rule 2. It wanted it to recognized as an independant state 1. Wanted south to be free from foreign influence 2. Wanted to unite the whole of Vietnam 3. Didn't want the south to be independent |
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Describe the differeance between the pressure on the US government and the North vietnamese government? |
1. The USA was a democracy that supported self determination 2. North Vietnam was a communist dictatorship 3. This meant they had little pressure on them 4. It could always show a united front towards the war |
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Despite the peace talks, what still contiued? What did Nixon think this would encourage them to do? In 1970 what did Nixon order to do? |
Bombing and military action in Vietnam Take the peace talks seriously Invade cambodia to destroy the ho chi minh trail -they were not successful |
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In 1970 how mnay troops remained in Vietnam? What was their attitude? |
150,000 Low morale and less enthusiastic |
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What happened in 1972? What were they armed with? |
The North tried to take adavantage of the recution of US troops and invade the south Soviet tanks and artillery A bombing campaign to |
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What was operation linebacker? Why was it needed? When was it enforced? Describe the destruction? |
Bombing campign using B52's Due to withdrawal of American troops - to maintain power 1971 Roads, railways, ports, storage ports |
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What was the 'madman thoery' |
It let it be known that President Nixon was mentally unstable and that if war continued for much longer he could use nuclear weapons against the north |
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What were the US campign in the 1970's meant to show? |
1. Attack and weaken enemy 2. The USA would forced out of the war 3. It would not abandon South Vietnam |
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When were the first troops withdrawn from Vietnam? What did Nixon not went? Describe the replacement of American troops in Vietnam? |
1969 To be the president that lost the war Conscription was introduced in Vietnam between the ages of 17 and 43 to replace the missing american forces |
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Describe the popularity of Nixons withdrawal? What was this method called? What was it meant to bring? Whilst it proved humiliating for america but... |
It was in the public but not with the US commanders Vietnamisation Peace with Honour It saved american casualties |
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What did Vietnamisation appear to be doing at the beginning? Why? What did both sides begin to realise? What was signed in 1973? |
Working because the Vietcong were recovering from the Tet offesnive A war couldn't be won outright A ceasefire and peace agreement between the USA and north Vietnam |
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What were the agreements of the peace agreement? |
1. US forces to completely withdar from Vietnam 2. US prisoners of war to be released by Vietnam 3. North Vietam recognised the government of South Vietnam 4. Elections would be held to see if the government should be united |
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Who profited most out of the peace? What did the American withdrawal mean? When had all US troops left Vietnam? How many prisoners of war were released? |
North Vietnam They could build up their forces to attack the south 1973 600 |
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What laws did the Congress pass in 1973? What was limited to Vietnam? |
Laws against the bombing of targets in Vietnam and Cambodia Financal support |
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When was the offensive continued in Vietnam? How did the North attack the south? |
1975 Advancing through the north and also through cambodia and laos. This three pronged attack divided South Vietnam |
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Which cities were easily taken by the communists? What is the fleeing of refugees called? Where did they flee to? What happened to the south troops? |
Hue and Danang The convoy of tears The south - to saigon The fled in droves |
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By the end of April 1975, what had happened? What did most citizens do? What happened to the remaining US officials? |
The North Vietnamse had conquered Saigon Flee by boat, air, road They were airlifted to waiting warships |
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How many US troops died in Vietnam? How many were wounded? What did many veterans feel they had not received? |
57,000 300,000 Recognition for their actions |
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What happened in Vietnam? How many had died? Describe its terrain? What is the main industry in Vietnam? |
It remained as communiust and had to rebuild 4 million dead and wounded Destroy by chemicals and bombing Tourism |
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What outlined the Nazi party's policies? Give some features? |
The 25 point programme 1. Abolish Versailles 2. Equality among Germans 3. Remove the jews 4. Share profits with workers |
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How did Hitler take the Nazi party over from? |
Anton Drexler |
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What was Hitlers main feature? |
He was a charismatic speaker |
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What was the newspaper that the Nazi's owned? |
The peoples observer |
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Why did many people like the Nazi's in the golden twenties? |
Because they disliked Weinmar and its corrupt culture |
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What did people blame for the problems of Weimar? |
Democracy itself |
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What were the consequences of the Munich putsch? |
1. Hitler became national figure 2. Nazi policies known through Germany 3. Hitler grew in confidence 4. Other right wing parties collapsed, joining the Nazis |
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When was Bruning Chancellor? |
1930-32 |
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What was the problem with chancellors? |
There had been too many making it unstable |
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Whilst the Nazi's dominate the reichstag, what do they not have? |
A majority |
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What did Hitler play on after the Reichstag fire? |
Peoples fear of communisum |
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How mnay in favour did Hitler get for the enabling act, why? |
He got two thirds because mnay communists had been arrested and the SA had helped intimaidater others |
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When was there an elimination of anti Nazi's in the civil services? |
1933 |
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When were trade unions abloished? |
1933 |
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Ehen was the law against the fromation of New parites? |
1933 |
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What was the League of German Maidens? |
It was the girl's' wing of the Nazi Party youth movement, the Hitler Youth |
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Name one movement in the golden 20's that reinforced the culture of Weimar? |
The swing movement |
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Describe the Edelweiss Pirates? |
1. Wanted freedom 2. Had a uniform that made them easily identifiable by the Gestapo 3. Hated the Hitler Youth 4. 13 were publically hanged |
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What were the adolf Hitler schools? |
1. Children selected from Hitler Youth 2. Militaristic Educations |
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What were order castles? |
They were schools for the elite specialising in different subjects |
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What was the name for the Maternity homes? |
Lebensbron - spring of life |
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What was the name of the medals given to women, how many children did they need for an gold? |
Mother hoods cross and 8 |
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Describe Germnay and Euthansia? |
they encouraged those with disorders, dissabilities and mental illnesses to commit euthanasia |
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What helped imrpoved the efficency of farmers food production? |
Reich Food Estate which was designed to regulate the conditions and production of the farmers. |
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What helped farmers pass their land on to their children? |
The Reich entailed farm law make selected lands hereditary, to pass from father to son |
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What planned for the extermination of the Jews in the war? What conferance made sure everybody agreed with this plan? |
The Final Solution Wannsee in 1942 |
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Where did the Germans get beaten by Russia? |
1943 Stalingrad |
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Who called for what to aid the war effort and increase German chance of winning? |
The total war speach for Goebbels, in 1943 |
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Who was Germnay's minister of arrmaments? |
Albert Speer
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Name movements aginast Hitler? |
1. White Rose movement 2. Edelweiss pirates 3. Stauffenberg Plot in 1944 |
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What planned to kill Hitler and when? |
3. Stauffenberg Plot in 1944 |
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Why did France lose Bein bien Phu? |
1. Vietnam was fighting for nationalism and were willing to lack sacrfices 2. Lack of American support (for french) 3. Bein Bien Phu was in a valley and they were outnumbered 4. Russia and Chinese support of the Vietnamese - the end of the Korean war meant they could focus on it 5. Giaps determination |
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What were Dien Bien Phu consequences? |
1. Giap's reputation was built 2. The North took time to recover from its losses 3. The withdrawal of France from Indochina 4. Splitting of Vietnam along the 17th parallel |
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What was the capital of.... The north The south? |
hanoi Saigon |
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Who commented on the war and everybody tursusted so it turned eveybodys opinion against it/ |
Walter Cronkite |
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Who were America'smilitary alliances? |
Australia and New Zealand |
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How did Dawes end hyperinflation? |
Dawes ended the hyperinflation in 1923 by burning Germany's money |
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How did Stresseman help ordiary people? |
Job centres were introduced in the period 1923-1929. |
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How did Stressemann try and make the Weimar government more stable? |
He instrduced the Great Coalition |
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What term can be used to describe the eugenics in Germany? |
Social Darwinism |
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What programme forced euthanasia in wartime Germany? |
Action T4 |
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What is the term that the Nazi's used to describe inferior people? |
untermensch |
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Who financed Hitler during the depression because they were frightened of communism? |
Businessmen financed Hitler during the depression because they were frightened of communism. |
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Nazi representation in the Reichstag 1928 to July 1932 grew... |
Nazi representation in the Reichstag from 1928 to July 1932 grew from 12 to 230 seats. |
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During the period of 1928-32, Hindenburg was forced constantly to use Article 48 to... |
During this period, Hindenburg was forced constantly to use Article 48 to make almost every law. |
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Which chancellor offered to be Hitler's vice-chancellor if Hitler would join the government because he thought he would be able to control him? |
Papen offered to be Hitler's vice-chancellor if Hitler would join the government, because he thought he would be able to control him |
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What did the Block Leader's control? |
The purpose of the Blockwart was to organize local support for elections during a period when Nazis were attempting to gain both local and national political offices |
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How were the trade unions abloished? What were they replaced with? |
The were the trade unions given a holiday, then abolished The German Labour Front |
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What did the concordat say? |
Hitler made an agreement with the Pope that he would leave the Catholic Church alone if the priests stayed out of German politics. |
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Who killed a Gestapo chief? |
The Pirates |
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Who regarded Hitler "with burning concern"? |
The Pope regarded Hitler "with burning concern". |
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What percentage of Germany's gypsies did the Nazis kill? |
The Nazis killed 85 per cent of German gypsies. |
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Who was made Economics Minister in 1937?
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Göring was made Economics Minister in 1937.
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For what did Germans trade their civil liberties?
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Germans traded their civil liberties for "Work and Bread".
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How did Diem lose power in 1963?
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Diem lost power in 1963 due to an army coup.
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What version of the "Domino theory" was President Johnson famous for?
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The version of the "Domino theory", that President Johnson was famous for, was the bully at the porch.
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When did Johnson order an end to US bombing? |
In 1968 Johnson ordered an end to US bombing. |
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Which US diplomat worked out a peace agreement with the North Vietnamese in 1972? |
Kissinger |
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How long did the South Vietnamese regime last after the Americans left Vietnam? |
The South Vietnames regime lasted two years after the Americans left Vietnam. |
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What was the Truman Doctrine? |
It was America's job to stop communism growing any stronger |
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What did Nixon formally declare at an end in 1973? |
Nixon formally declared the Truman Doctrine at an end in 1973. |
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Describe the escalation of the USA in vietnam? |
1. Initially military advisors 2. Economic help 3. American warships were being sent on surveillance duty to gather electronic intelligence off the coast of North Vietnam 4. Gulf of Tonkin Incident - 1964 5. Troops deployed in 1965 |
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How did Japan become involved in Vietnam? What happened to the Japanese? |
In 1940 the Germans defeated France. Japan decided to take advantage of French weakness and they forced the French government to allow Japanese troops to occupy French Indo-China, although they left the French administration in place. The Vietminh defeated them |
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Describe how France became re-involved in Vietnam? |
1. Japan left and surrenderd 2. Allies discarded Vienams requirement for independance 3. France were allowed to make it part of its empire and re-install relations there 4. Fighting broke out 5. Americans stopped supporting the Viet Minh and started supporting the French |
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How many political murders were there between 1919 and 1922? |
376 |
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Name two figures that were murdered and when? |
1. Erzerger 1921 2. Rathenall 1922 |
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Where are the spartacists on the political spectrum? |
They ae left wing |
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Why couldn't Ebert use the army to put down the.... 1. Spartacists 2. Freikorps (Wolfgang) |
1. Army reduced under TTOV - culdn't enforce ontrol 2. Army didn't want to fight their own comrades and it was small due to TTOV |
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I the Spartacist uprising, who put down who? In the Wolfgang putsch, who put down who? |
The right wing put down the left wing. The Freikorps put down the communist spartacists The left wing put down the right wing. The workers put down the Freikorps |
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What were the early problems in the Weimar republic? |
1. Stab in the back - distrust 2. November criminal 3. Democracy 4. Reparations and economy 5. Political unrest |
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What did the right wing dislike about Weimar? |
1. Democracy 2. Blamed for signing treaty of Versailles - didn't think they were to blame 3. Wanted nationalism and capitalism 4. Wanted a strong government 5. Hated the left wing |
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What did the Left wing disliked bout Weinmar? |
1. Hated democracy 2. Wanted equality and power to workers 3. Abolish private property 4. Blamed it for signing the treaty of Versailles 5. Wanted to follow communist Russia |
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Describe the Right wing judges and proof of their favoratism? |
1. Only one (Kapp) arrested after the Kapp putsch 2. Political murders - no right wing imprisoned 3. Left wing did had people imprisoned |
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What did the spartacists do? When was their uprising? |
They simply rebleed and riots in Berlin and Bavaria, occupying main buildings 1919 |
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When did protests in Vietnam start? |
1965 in California |
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Give one fire associated protest? |
Draft card burning |
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When was their protests in association with civil rights? Who spoke out on this? |
1967 Martin luther king |
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Which two people wrote famous protest songs against Vietnam? |
Bob dylan and John Lennon |
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Why is cost a reason people wanted to end war in Vietnam? |
They were promised the great society by LBJ |
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What was bombing in response to? |
The Gulf of Tonkin incident 1964 |
