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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Homestead Act & Sharecroppers |
Homestead act initiated homesteading, people were given 40 acres to start crops. Had to build your own home and survive, pay land taxes |
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Mormons |
Started by Joseph Smith, encouraged polygamy. Brigam young, established mormon trail to salt lake |
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Chinese RR Workers |
80% of tracks built by "Coolies." Built chinatowns |
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5 Civilized Tribes |
Creeks, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Cherokee, and Seminole. landowners, educated children. Forced to remove and relocate, US. established reservations. Extremely resilient, main focus of american federal policy |
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Indian Removal |
Started by George Washington, trail of tears. Whites wanted indian land, different cultures made communications difficult. |
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US office of Indian affairs; Dawes act |
cabinet started 1967, started office of indian affairs. dawes act retook land and redistributed, took indian reservations from 138 to 48 million acres. Forced learning of english and american currency. |
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Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer |
went west with 200-300 men to look for gold. fought sitting bull and 2500 sioux indians whooped there ass killed every one |
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Wounded Knee |
1890s last large indian battle american troops kill 300-500 sioux women and children with few warriors. |
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1890 Census & frederick Jackson turner significance of life |
high achieving historian, delivers keynote address to to american historical association AHA. "Significance of the Frontier in American History" |
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Helen Hunt Jackson |
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Buffalo Soldiers |
all african american regiment of the 10th Calvary regiment in 1866 |
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Chief Joseph and Geronimo |
Leader of the Wallowa indians, forced out of Wallowa valley fought americans. US Chased them in a 1400 run for the Candian border with multiple battles, final stopped them 40 miles from canada. Geronimo was chief in new Mexico, raid in 1858 killed his entire family.swore revenge and lead successful attacks against military camps and civilians |
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Carlisle Indian Schoolq |
Indian boarding school in penssylvania from 1879 - 1918, took 10,000 students from families to immerse them in american culture. 158 students graduated |
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Great american desert |
19th century term to describe the great plains east of the rocky mountains
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Exodusters |
term referring to the mass exodus of african americans in the late 19th century from the mississippi to kansas |
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Mark Twain "The Gilded Age" |
1873 novel, talked about greed and political corruption in post-civil war America |
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Railroads: |
Union Pacific, contracted west of council bluff Iowa to meet the Central Pacific which went east of san francisco bay. Great northern linked great lakes to the puget sound, connecting Washington and Oregon with the rest of the country |
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Golden Spike |
The last spike connecting the central and union pacific railways on May 6 1869 creating the first transcontinental railway |
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Carnegie Steel |
steel company started by Andrew carnegie, pittsburg penn. late 19th century |
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Rockefeller and Standard oil and Tarbel |
Rockefeller and oil drive US to international recognition. Ida Tarbell "muckraker" journalist wrote exposing rockefellers negative business practices |
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Laissez - Faire (Let it Be) |
the idea that business should be left alone by the government. |
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Grange/Patrons of Husbandry |
Farmers grouped together to exchange info and services. Established meeting buildings, eventually formed political movement. |
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Wabash |
Grangers got a court case a lawyer and challenged railroad practices.1885 case goes in favor of granges, oil and steel companies get a lawyer for appeal at supreme court level and overrule grangers. |
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interstate commerce act and Commision |
1st regulatory institution in US 1887, regulated transportation forcing railroads to keep books and logs. |
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Pendlton CSA 1883 |
congressman pendleton created Civil Service act. can't work for govt. "just cause" and created requirements for govt. employees. in response to Grants spoils system |
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Sherman Anti-trust act |
suggested by Senator Sherman 1st step to bring in business out of laissez - Faire. a company that monopolized a certain industry were considered illegal. |
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Old vs. New Immigrants
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new immigrants work in cities, 10 - 15 million new immigrants from irish scottish west europe |
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Xenophobia |
Phobia of immigrants, immigrants start ethnic enclaves to separate themselves, results in "ghettos" |
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Birds of passage, Living on the wind |
immigrants make money then go home to spend it, without adapting to american culture. No permanent residence often 10 people living in one room |
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Chinese exclusion act of 1882 |
Restricted chinese entry, based on origin and appearance |
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Jim Crow |
refers to black codes that lasted for decades, institutionalized segregation. Not eliminated until 1954 |
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"How the Other half Lives" Jacob Rils |
muckraker author in gilded age, talked about of the life of the other half or the poor |
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Sweatshops and child labor |
women and children worked in crowded small places sewing and got paid minimal wages. They were treated extremely poorly |
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1877 Great RR Strike |
wages were cut on railroads and nearly 100,000 workers walked off the job. This lead an estimated 500,00 laborers practically paralyzing the nation |
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Samuel Gompers and AFL |
created the idea of "pure and simple" unionizing and founded the American Federation of Labor |
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Knights of Labor |
first mass organizing of americas working class founded 1869 by Uriah Stephens. lead campaign to organize workers no matter ethnicity, gender, ideology, race. |
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Haymarket Riot & Gov. John Peter Altgeld |
laborers rallied at hay market square, threw a bomb into the police and the police fired upon all protesters. |
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NIckelodeons and coney island |
a strip of beach near manhattan with many attractions. Amusement parks, dances, penny arcades |
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William tweed Bossism |
boss- white, wealthy, in charge, politicians, male, shrewd. Leader of business or political organization usually corrupt acting illegally. |
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Machines and Tammany hall |
political "machines" earn voters. Corrupt, taking govt. funds for personal gains. |
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Shame of cities |
lincoln Stephan wrote exposing political machines. |
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Southern Farmers and Colored Farmers Alliances |
farmers grow in numbers along the bible belt groups come together and politicize. 200k black farmers get sponsored by southern farmers alliance. wanted direct election of senators and management of utilities/rail roads |
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populism |
Us. govt. money should be based off silver. republicans supported gold, everyone else wanted silver ( cause they were broke AF) |
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Free Silver vs. Gold Standard |
silver would be quick fix for the economy but gold would be stable. |
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William Jennings Bryans "Cross of Gold" |
1896, high character, backed by money |
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Homestead lockout and Pinkertons and Frick |
1892 steel workers in penn. went against Andrew carnegie. Carnegie hired Frick and an anti-union team of mercenaries to defend his homestead mill. Frick put up a 15 foot fence with barbed wire around the mill. |
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Milltowns: pullman palace car Co. pullman ill. |
george pullman built railroad cars, built his own town in illinios with thousands of units of housing, libraries, auditoriums. Controlled the town and the workers got nicknamed the "gilded cage" |
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consequences of the spanish american war |
The US wasn't prepared for the war they were outnumber 7 to 1 at the onset. They won, promoted expansionism and pissed off american anti-imperialists. |
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Did terrorists sink the maine? |
it is unclear what caused the explosion of the Maine, yellow journalism immediately ruled out an accident and jumped straight to the spanish. Though when reinvestigated the concluded a homed bomb was placed in the gunpowder storage, although no one is sure. |
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Regime change in hawaii |
hawii was a huge producer of sugar, the US mckinley tariff reduces the value of there sugar fro 13 to 8 million. Americans then overthrew the monarchy, established their govt as a means of expansion and easier trade with china. |
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Mary Elizabeth Lease |
american writer, lecturer, and political activist. advocate of the suffrage movement and part of the union labor party. |
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Emilio aguinaldo |
leader of the filipino revolutionaries that fought the americans for power. 4000 americans and 20k filipinos died before americans came to power. |
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platt amendment and guantanamo |
defined cuban-american relations, cuba may not go into debt and US mediates any issues. Municipality and city m southeast cuba and capitol of Guantanomo provine |
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splendid little war |
book about spanish american war between spain and US, result of american intervention in cuban war for interdependence, cuba revolts against spain |
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teller amendments and rough riders |
congress that liberates cuba. only one of 3 regiments to see spanish american war. 1250 total volunteers mostly college athletes, cowboys |
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spheres of influence, boxer rebellion |
china devided, not sovereign, not free of feign intervention. Spheres managed by foreign countries us not involved. foreign con tries manage markets, finances |
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john Hay and Open door notes |
secretary of state juggles china, cuba, and spain. writes letters regarding desire for US to get a sphere with everyone else |
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Alfred T Mahan Famous book |
significance of naval power explains that all great societies have relied on a strong navy W/o naval dominance society wouldn't exist. |
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manifest destiny |
faith based ideology. states US history was predetermined by god. A |
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typewrites |
invented 1860s for writing |
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Ellis island |
new york bay, gateway for millions of immigrants to US. biggest immigration inspection fro 1892 1954 |
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Worlds colombian exposition |
more dedicated to commerce and materialism than culture. very international , held in chicago 1893 400th anniversary of christopher columbus |
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Seeking refuge, a russian jew flees the pogroms. |
pogroms are violent anti-jewish riots in russia in 1880;s. jews forced into place of settlement, denied legal rights, no land, higher taxes many left |
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Sherman silver purchase act |
july 14 1890 - passed bc farmers and miners complained they had debt due to inflation and overproduction passed to boost economy made govt. buy silver. |
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Mckinley tariff |
1890 raised average tax on imports by 50% designed to protect domestic industries from feign competition |
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Bell and Edison |
Bell improved use of telegraphy, using sounds to decode messages. edison patents electric motor, motion picture projector, typewriter, phonograph, and lightbulb |
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Mug |
republican activists who left rep party by supporting dem. candidate in election of 1884. they rejected finiancial corruption |
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social dawinism |
applied biological/natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics |
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post slavery encounter |
painting: end of slaver required adjustments for black and white southerners |
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James rapier |
repub. figure after civil war, one 3 black elected congressman during reconstruction. helped pass civil rights act of 1875. proposed eradication of land bureau to give western lands to freemen |
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civil rights act of 1875 |
guar teed african americans equal treatment in public accommodations, trans. and prohibited exclusion from jury service |
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US. Grants presidency |
18th press of led radical republicans in effort to remove confederate nationalism and slavery, protect african americans and defeat KKK |
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Election of 1876 compromise of 1877 |
rutherford hayes was elected with 165 votes, tilden had 184 and should've won. compromise allowed hayes presidency bc he pulled troops out of florida and ends reconstruction. |
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Carpetbaggers and Scalawags |
a northerner who moved to the south after the civil ar during reconstructions.
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Spoils sytem |
practice where political part, after winning gives govt jobs to friends, supporters, and relatives |
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tenure of Office Act, Impeachment |
1867 restricted power of the president to remove office holders w/o approval from congress. |
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KKK |
played violent role against blacks during reconstruction. wore sheets to hide identity |
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Radical republicans |
make south "say Sorry" by "waving the bloody flag" is southern politician is elected and asks for help republicans so no, pour salt on the wound |
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AMendments 13, 14, ,15 |
13: ratifies to abolish slavery 14: if your born in US you're a citizen 15: blacks can vote |
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Freedmans bureau |
Passed to assist needs of freed slaves. 4 million assisted, can't help all in need john sons cabinet takes money |
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Black Codes |
institutionalized racism, jim crow |
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10% plan proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction`asks for 10% of voters from confident states who pledge not to take up arms against US. Govt. |
Andrew johnson |
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andrew johnson |
Lincolns VP, democrat, born in south |
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Booth |
John Wilkes Booth kills lincoln, allows johnson presidency on "good Friday" after the south surrenders |
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Reconstruction |
1863-1877 US. states recover from civil war |
