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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Signed by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Spanish minister Luis de Onis in 1819, this treaty allowed for U.S. annexation of Florida
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ADAMS ONIS TREATY
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The right of first purchase of public land. Settlers enjoyed this right even if they squatted on the land in advance of government surveyors.
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PREEMPTION
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A descriptive term for the era of President James Monroe, who served two terms from 1817-1823. During Monroe’s administration, partisan conflict abated, and bold federal initiatives suggested increased nationalism.
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THE FEEL GOOD ERA
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A sectional compromise in Congress in 1820 that admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a few state. It also banned slavery in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase above the latitude of 36°30’.
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MISSOURI COMPROMISE
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In this 1819 case, the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution protected charters given to corporations by states,
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DARTMOUTH COLLEGE -VS- WOODWARD
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Ruling on this banking case in 1819, the Supreme Court propped up the idea of “implied powers,” meaning the Constitution could be broadly interpreted. This pivotal ruling also asserted the supremacy of federal power over state power.
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MCCULLOCH -VS- MARYLAND
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In this 1824 case, the Supreme Court affirmed and expanded he power of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce.
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GIBBONS -VS- OGDEN
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A key foreign policy made by President James Monroe in 1823, it declared the Western Hemisphere off limits to new European colonization; in return, the United States promised not to meddle in European affairs.
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MONROE DOCTRINE
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An 1828 protective tariff, or tax on imports, motivated by special-interest groups. It resulted in a substantial increase in duties that angered many southern free traders.
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TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS
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In the winter of 1838-1839, the Cherokee were forced to evacuate their lands in Georgia and travel under military guard to present-day Oklahoma. Due to exposure and disease, roughly one-quarter of the 16,000 migrants died en route.
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TRAIL OF TEARS
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The supposed right of any state to declare a federal law inoperative within its boundaries. In 1832, South Carolina created a firestorm when it attempted to nullify the federal tariff.
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NULLIFICATION
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Between 1832 and 1836, Andrew Jackson used his presidential power to fight and ultimately destroy the second bank of the United States
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BANK WAR
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A financial depression that lasted until the 1840s
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PANIC OF 1837
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A historian’s term for the national two-party rivalry between Democrats and Whigs. The second-party system began in the 1830s and ended in the 1850s with the demise of the Whig party and the rise of the Republican party.
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SECOND PARTY SYSTEM
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A plot to burn Charleston, South Carolina, and thereby initiate a general slave revolt led by a free African America, Denmark Vesey, in 1822. The conspirators were betrayed before the plan was carried out, and Vesey and thirty-four others were hanged.
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VESEY CONSPIRACY
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A network of safe houses organized by abolitionists (usually free blacks) to aid slaves in their attempts to escape slavery by traveling North or to Canada.
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UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
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A southern small landholder who owned no slaves, and who lived primarily in the foothills of the Appalachian and Ozark mountains. These farmers were self-reliant and grew mixed crops, although they usually did not produce a substantial amount to be sold on the market.
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YEOMAN
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Founded in 1817, this abolitionist organization hoped to provide a mechanism by which slavery could gradually be eliminated. The society advocated the relocation of free blacks (followed by freed slaves) to the African colony of Monrovia, present day Liberia.
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AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY
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Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, this device for separating the seeds from the fiber of short-staple cotton enabled a slave to clean fifty times more cotton than by hand, which reduced production costs and gave new life to slavery in the South
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COTTON GIN
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A series of evangelical Protestant revivals that swept over America in the early nineteenth century.
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SECOND GREAT AWAKENING
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Temperance – moderation or abstention in the use of alcoholic beverages – attracted many advocates in the early nineteenth century. Their crusade against alcohol, which grew out of the Second Great Awakening, became a powerful social and political force
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TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
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Term used by historians to characterize the dominant gender role for white women in the antebellum period. The ideology of domesticity stressed the virtue of women as guardians of the home, which was considered their proper sphere
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CULT OF DOMESTICITY
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Coined in 1845, this term referred to a doctrine in support of territorial expansion based on the beliefs that population growth demanded territorial expansion, that God supported American expansion, and that national expansion equaled the expansion of freedom.
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MANIFEST DESTINY
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In 1835, Americans living in the Mexican state of Texas fomented a revolution. Mexico lost the conflict, but not before its troops defeated and killed a group of American rebels at the Alamo, a fort in San Antonio.
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ALAMO
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Conflict (1846-1848) between the United States and Mexico after the United States annexation of Texas, which Mexico still considered its own. As victor, the United States acquired vast new territories from Mexico according to the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
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MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR
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Signed in 1848, this treaty ended the Mexican-American Was. Mexico relinquished its claims to Texas and ceded an additional 500,000 square miles to the United States for $15 million.
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TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO
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