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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did the U.S. acquire Florida?
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-1816 Us troops crossed east Florida to pursue hostile Seminole Indians (1st Siminole war) lead by Jackson
- Adams informed Spain that the Us acted in self-defense and they would stop the fighting if east Florida was handed over to the us - Spanish empire was breaking apart so they didn't resist the US - Adams-Onis treaty was signed 1819 |
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Explain the commercial interest in the early Far west
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- New york merchant, John Jacob Aster, founded the fur-trade post of Astoria on Columbia River in Oregon town
- This began the Rocky Mt. fur trade 1822 |
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Name the primary sellers of much of the land bought by settlers
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- Squatters would settle onto lands before it was acquired by govt. and put it up for auction
- speculators |
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Name the components of the revolution in transportation in early 19th century
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-Land transport
-coastal shipping - water transport was required(national system of river transport gave economy rapid development) - Steam power river boats were invented, which reduced the cost and increased speed of moving goods and people - allowed a two-way route on the Miss and Ohio |
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Name the inventor of the steamboat
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-1807 Robert Fulton "Clermont"
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Explain the origin and importance of the Erie canal
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-Provided a way to ship western farm produce east
- linked seaboard cities to the Great Lakes, Ohio, and Miss - 364 long, 40 wide, 4 deep, 84 locks - Reduced the cost of moving goods from Buffalo to Albany by 1/12 - helped make NYC the commercial cap of the nation - |
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Describe how the Canal Age ended
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-1830's and 1840's most waterways were unprofitable
- state credit was overextend - Panic and depression forced retrenchment - railroads were beginning to compete |
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Describe the New American market
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- Staple crops, credit, and battering
- The intermediaries shipped crops to larger markets and charged fees - The need for credit encouraged the growth of money and banking - Private and state banking began |
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Name the principle export of the South
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Cotton
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Name the industry in which the factory system developed first
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-textile manufacturing
- cotton mills used power looms and spinning machinery |
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Describe the basic beliefs of the Democratic-Republicans by 1815
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- Reestablishment of the National Bank
- Protective tariff for industrial growth providing a "home market" - A program of federally financed internal improvements to bind |
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Discuss Madison's position on the protective tariff in 1790 and 1816
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-1790 he was against it
-1816 he was for it |
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Name the president associated with the Era of good feelings
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James Monroe
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Describe the Missouri Compromise
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-Missouri was a slave state
- Maine was a free state - Prohibited slavery in Louisiana - Was a law passed 1820 as a way to determine whether slavery would be allowed in Western territories |
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Discuss the basic beliefs of chief Justice Marshall
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- Federalist
- Discouraged dissent and sought to hammer out a single opinion on almost every case that came before court - Nationalist; strength, security, and happiness of American people depended on economic growth and new wealth - Wanted protection of liberty, right to acquire land above political, social, or economical equality - wanted the court to enforce the constitution |
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Describe the basic tenants of the Monroe Doctrine
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-Recognize and establish diplomatic ties with Latin American Republics
- Us opposed any further colonization in Americas, or any effort by European nations to extend their political systems outside - Us pledged not to involve itself in the internal affairs of Europe or European wars |
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Explain the results of the decline of deference in political terms.
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-self made men could rise to power and have an effect in politics
- not in of exclusiveness were much more likely to be scorn in politics |
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Describe how politics changed in the 1820's
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-Universal white man suffrage "if you were a white man, you could vote"
- increase in officials being elected rather than appointed - rise of the 2nd two party system - dramatic rise in people in politics |
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Name the presidential candidates in 1824
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- J.Q. Adams
- Jackson - Clay -Crawford |
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Explain the elements of the "Corrupt Bargain" of 1824
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-No one won the majority of votes, but Jackson got the most electoral votes
- The house elected Adams over Jackson - Clay became secretary of state |
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Describe the reason John Quincy Adams had problems as president
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- Suspicion of corrupt bargaining
- foreign affairs - domestic affairs (wanted more federal involvement in economy, but the people did not) - 1826 congress changed to a pro Jackson congress |
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Name the supporters of Andrew Jackson in 1828
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-Democrats
- Van Bureau - John Callahoun (leader of states rights for pro-slavery - Francis Blair and Kindle |
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Discuss the basic elements of the election of 1828
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- Rise of mass Democracy
- Race become "man of the people" vs. "aristocrats" - Jackson wins |
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Describe the basic aspects of the "Spoils System"
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-AKA patronage system
- political party, after winning, gives govt. jobs to its supporters (sometimes friends and relatives) as a reward for working toward victory - goods or benefits taken form the loser in a election |
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Explain Jackson's Indian policy
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-Immediate removal of all Eastern Indians & move them West of the Miss
- Indian removal policy - states rights over Indians rights - trail of tears |
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Explain why the tariff hurt South Carolina so much
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- Raised the price on manufactured goods because they had to import them
- Economic crisis - threatened to undermine their foreign markets by inciting counter-protection |
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Name the leaders of the souther states rights movement
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-John Calhoun (vice president)
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Explain the Doctrine of Nullification in 1832
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-states could nullify any federal law they saw unconstitutional
- South Carolina disputed a states right to nullify a federal law - tariff acts of 1828 and 1832 are unauthorized by the constitution and dare therefore null and void - Made by Andrew Jackson |
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Describe the events & result of the Nullification crisis of 1832
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-Jackson threatened to use military force on south Carolina
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Name the author of the Compromise Tariff of 1833
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- written by Henry Clay
- Jackson signed it |
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Name the president of the Second National Bank
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Nicholas Biddle took over in 1823
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Describe the events of the bank war of 1832
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-Biddle wanted renewal through congress
- Jackson moved against it - Congress favored the bill to recharter the bank and passed it - Jackson vetoed it |
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Explain how Jackson destroyed the Second National Bank
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- he removed all Federal deposits from Biddle's vault (which hurt the bank)
- Jackson tells secretary of treasure to deposit money in the state banks - vetoed the re-charter by congress |
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Name the candidates for president in 1836
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-Van Burren (Wins, Democrat)
-Webster -Harrison -White -Magnum |
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Explain why Martin Van Burren's administration failed
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-state of the economy (depression)
- cotton prices fell by 50% - Banks suspended specie payments -businesses went bankrupt and tons were unemployed - panic of 1837 |
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Explain the presidential campaign of 1840
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-whigs used Jackson propaganda against Buren by portraying him as an Aristocrat
-election was in favor of Harrison -whigs won -whigs proceeded to revive the bank and restore the economy |
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Explain the relationship of Antebellum white society with slavery
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-Society was divided by class and region
- Large planters were the dominant class and non-slave-holders were of lower social rank - All whites were free and most blacks were slaves - Slaves were converted to Christianity |
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Describe the daily life of the average slave
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- worked sun down to sun up
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List the occupations held by slaves
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-dug ditches, built houses, worked on boats and mulls
-labored as house servants, caretakers -healers (women) -Built railroads |
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Describe the sociological relationship of the slave family
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-strong sense of family and kinship
- large plantation kids typically had sets of parent because they would get separated - marriage lasted 20-30 years - children and parents were close on small plantations |
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Name the major American Slave revolts
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-Vesey Conspiracy
- Gabriels army - underground railroad |
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Describe the various methods of slave resistance in the South
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-Day-today resistance (runaway, armed, faked illness, set fires, poisoned their masters)
- tried to seize local armies and develop escape routes to the north |
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Explain the role of Free Blacks in the Old South
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-Free people of color had to register or have white guardians who were responsible for their behavior
-Had to carry papers proving their free status -in some state they to get permission to move from one country to the other |
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Describe the role of the large planter in the Old South
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-set the tone and values for much of the society
- wealthy planters held more than their share of high offices and often has an influence on the public policies |
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Explain how large planter of the cotton kingdom lived
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-entrepreneurs who kept a watchful eye on the market
-most plantation families did live in the manner of traditional aristocracy -big houses and a lot of servants |
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Discuss the role of the small slaveholders in the Old south
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-need domestic slaves only for domestic services
-Farmers who used 1 or 2 slaves to ease the burden of their own labor - lived in log cabins, slaves lived in lots or sheds -relationship between owners and slaves were more intimate (but not aways treated better) |
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Describe the economic and social characteristics of the Yeoman whites in the Old South
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-Shiftless poor whites, ambitious young men seeking to become land owners
-Stayed in backcountry where slaves were rarely seen -Mountaineers who lived too high to farm, relied on hunting - Women worked the gardens and made clothes - Main source of income was livestock -tolerated slavery but opposed abolishment |
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Describe the basis of the proslavery argument
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-enslavement was the natural and proper thing for people of African decent
-Slavery was held to be sanctioned by the bible and Christianity - efforts were made to show that slavery was consistent with the humanitarian spirit of the 19th century |
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Describe the internal slave trade
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-As slave prices fell, the internal slave trade took off
- the most profitable business for slaveholders in Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland, and the Carolinas was selling surplus slaves from upper south - interstate slave trade sent 6-7 hundred thousand slaves in the south 1815-1860 |
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Name the major cash crops in coastal South Carolina and Georgia
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-rice and cotton
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Name the major cash crop in Southern Louisiana
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-Sugar
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Explain the role of short staple cotton in the southern economy
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- the seeds were more difficult to remove by hand
- could be grown anywhere south of Virginia and Kentucky - strengthened the hold of slavery in the South |
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Explain the issue of the profitability of slavery
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-depended on access to new and fertile land
- prices of slaves rose, and squeezed many operators - slavery reached limits and became unprofitable |
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Describe the Second Great Awakening on the southern frontier
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-50 thousand ministers gathered at Cane Ridge Kentucky
-Emotional camp meetings, organized mostly by Methodists or Baptists - Social and emotional discipline (improved morales) - if sinner, your neck would get broken |
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Describe the Second Great Awakening in the North
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-New England and New York less emotional than south
- Mostly Presbyterians and Congregationalists - Followed New England's Puritan traditions - Started as an efforts to defend Calvinism against the liberals - Ability to overcome a natural inclination to sin |
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Explain how the northern wind of the second great awakening inspired social reform
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- voluntary associations that tried to stop sins and social evils and win the world for Christ
- New York, Evangelicals worked towards stamping out gambling, prostitution, and dueling |
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Discuss the change in marriage and sex roles in 19th century reforms
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- Parents took less control over their children's selections of mates
- desire to protect family and maintain a social status - First names became "honey" and "darling" - felt lost without their mate - no equality for women, men had the legal authority |
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Describe the role of the child in the 19th century
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-Viewed as the main function of the family
- Learned to be disciplined -Women and children were used for labor |
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Explain how education was extend in the 19th century
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-free public schools
-prepared them to make a living and bear burdens -established the state board of education and got tax support |
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Describe the Abolitionist movement in the north
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-free the black community
- negro convention movement - refused to fight in war against Spain for land west of the south (because they liked slavery) |
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Describe the women's rights movement in the mid 19th century
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-equal rights of leadership roles
- right to vote -married women be freed from unjust laws given by husbands -reject the cult of domesticity |
