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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vietnam war origins
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France colonized vietnam.
Japan controlled during WWII HO Chi minh declared independence 1945 US supported French effort to regain control French Leave Vietnam -1956 |
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Capital of North Vietnam and South Vietnam
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Hanoi
Saigon |
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Build up of Vietnam war
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Communist Insurgency begins in South -1957
Ho Chi Minh Trail -1959 National Liberation Front -1960 (Vietcong) US Air Force uses “Agent Orange” -1962 9000 US military “advisors” in Vietnam – 1963 |
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Ho chi minh trail
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1959
Named by americans for the north vietnam president runs from north to south vietnam provided materials and things for the national liberation front |
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National Liberation Front
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1960
Vietcong fought the united states and the south vietnamese governments mostly retrained viet minh |
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Buddhist protest of diem
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Diem was a catholic supporter
said no religous flags cops fired on the monks diem blamed vietcong 500 monks demonstrated in front of the national assembly coordinated attacks on pagodas ended with the assassination of diem |
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Diem
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South vietnamese president
anti communist CIA and the Army of the republic of vietnam(south) enacted co in 1963 |
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Ho chi minh
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North vietnamese president
communist north vietnam was communist |
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Gulf of tonkin
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North Vietnam "allegedly" attacked U.S. Boats
Congress said johnson could help any south asian country turning communist Johnson got elected 1964 |
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Acceleration war
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1965 troop level reaches 200,000
operation rolling thunder commits ground units to offensive |
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Barry mcguire
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singer songwriter eve of destruction
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Robert Mcnamara
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Escalated the vietnam war
ford president wanted to strike first |
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The Vietnam war grows
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Robert McNamara - US bombing is ineffective
General Westmoreland - War of Attrition war won by wearing down the enemy Success measured on “body counts” Hard to tell enemy soldiers from civilians Troop levels reach 500,000 – 1967 |
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Troops Characteristics
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Young (under 20, compared to 26 in WWII)
• Poor or working class – Privileged used draft deferments for college or Nat. Guard – Blacks were a higher percentage than ever before – Few Women (under 10,000 as nurses) |
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tet offensive
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– Vietnamese New Year, 1/31/1968
– North invades the South – Take control of US Embassy in Saigon – US wins the military victory But, the end seems even farther away supposed to be a cease fire but the north attacked the south anyways |
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My lai massacre
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american soldiers killed 500 men women and children
shocked american public |
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Opposition to war
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Casualties are high
• Protesters demonstrate (young, older, veterans) • Prominent critics increase – Martin Luther King – Robert Kennedy – Eugene McCarthy – William Fulbright • Walter Cronkite: ‘this war is unwinnable” • Johnson announces he will not run for president |
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End of the war
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Nixon becomes President, 1969
• Begins bombing Cambodia, 1969 • Conducts draft lottery, 1969 • Announces policy of “Vietnamization”, 1969 • Begins secret peace talks, 1970 • Number of US troops drops to 280K, 1970 • Henry Kissinger says, “Peace is at hand.”, 1972 |
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Napalm attack
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June of 1972
fire strikes village girl running naked wins pollitzer prize |
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Postscript
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• Last US troops leave Vietnam, 1973
• South Vietnam falls to Communists, April 1975 • US restores diplomatic ties with Vietnam, 1995 • Robert McNamara: – 1995 book, In Retrospect – Vietnam Policy "Wrong, Terribly Wrong“ – 2003 Documentation Video: Fog of War • Wins Academy Award |
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Inventor of the transitor
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William Schockely, Walter Brattain john bardeen
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Nixon history
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• Poor family in California
• Duke Law School 1940 • Served as officer in Navy in WWII • Elected House of Representatives 1946 • Elected Senator 1950 • Elected Vice President 1952 |
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Checkers speech
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Charged he took money from private fund
– Wealthy donors – Commonly done / not illegal – Eisenhower considered dropping him • Nixon saved himself with an open speech on National TV • He appeared honest and sincere • Ironic considering future events |
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Nixon Politics
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lost presidential race of 1960
lost gubernatorial race of 1962 won precidency in 1968 |
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Nixon conservatism
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Reaction to the 1960’s turmoil
• Desire for return to: morality & respect for law and authority • Return to state’s rights • Less Federal interference • Less government and lower taxes • Less Federal involvement in civil rights • Particularly appealing to southern states |
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Nixon riding high
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Policy developed with Henry Kissinger
• Ended US involvement in Vietnam • Opened door to China • Used China as leverage to negotiate with USSR • Obtained Israeli / Arab peace agreement • Key to his statue after first term in office • Brought POWs home |
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More nixon riding high
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Only lost Massachusetts in 1972
approval rating 70% in 1973 |
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nixons downfall
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Break-in at Democratic HQ in Watergate Hotel
• Objective was to plant listening devices • Organized by CREEP – Committee to RE-Elect the President • FBI instructed not to pursue investigation • “Hush Money” given to those involved |
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watergate coverup
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Nixon not aware of break-in plan
• He did approve the cover-up • He also sought to withhold evidence |
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The end approaches
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Senate established investigating committee
• John Dean, Nixon lawyer, testified against him • Audio tapes of Nixon conversations sought • Nixon fired prosecutor and other officials – Known as “Saturday Night Massacre” |
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archibald cox elliot richardson william ruckelshaun
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special prosecutor for watergate attonrey general, deputy attorney general all part of the saturday night massacre
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the end
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Public shocked and demanded impeachment
• Audio tapes obtained and proved Nixon’s guilt • House committee held hearings • Nixon resigned to avoid impeachment by House |
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Prophets of regulation
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Charles francis adams jr, Louis Brandeis, James Landis, Alfred khan
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Charles francis adams jr
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Harvard
Lawyer, writer (muckraker) Officer in Union Army during Civil War Massachusetts Railroad Commission (1869-79) President of Union Pacific Railroad (1884-90) |
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Louis Brandeis
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Harvard
Lawyer Anti-bigness advocate Architect of FTC Advisor to Woodrow Wilson (1912-16) Supreme Court Justice (1916-39) |
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James landis
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Harvard
Lawyer, Clerk to Brandeis (1925) Harvard Professor and Dean of Law School New Deal advocate FTC (1933-34), SEC (1934-37), CAB (1946-47) Advised Joseph Kennedy & President Kennedy |
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Alfred Khan
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Yale
Economist, (deregulation /marginal cost theory) Cornell, Professor and Dean New York Public Service Commission (1974-77) CAB (1977-1978), deregulation of airline industry Carter’s “chief inflation fighter,” (1978-80) |
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Similarity of Railroads and Communications
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Railroads – Go where and when others decide.
Highways – Go where and when you decide. Radio and TV – Hear and see what others decide. Internet and Info Age – Hear and see what you decide. Plus, you add to the content. |
