History 343 Midterm

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Muhammad the Prophet

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622, merchant of Mecca who moved to Medina/Yathrib to convert followers to Islam. Converted or conquered much of the Araban Peninsula.

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Abu Bakr

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632-634, the first successor to Muhammad as ruler, or Caliph, of Islam. Began Islamic Jihad, a series of conquests in the name of Islam to the east and west.

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Umar

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634-644, continued to spread Jihad as the second Caliph of Islam gaining Syria, Egypt, Iraq, and Persia.

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Umayyad Caliphate

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First Islamic dynasty which began in 661. Conducted the last major wave of Islamic conquests consisting of Calphs residng n Damascus. At the end of the dynasty the Islamic empire comprised Transoxania or Mawarannahr in the east and Spain or Andalus to the west.

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Mawarannahr

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Also known as Transoxania, marked the eastern extent of the Islamic empire during the Umayyad Caliphate.

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Ali

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Muhammad's son-in-law and first imam of Shii Islam.

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Steppe

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grassland plains without trees. The kok turk empire existed from 552-744 along a steppe dominated by the Altai and Tianshahn mountain ranges. Partly responsible for the common division of the turk empire into senior and junior divisions.

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Khurasan

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province of iran n 622. place of zoroastrian domination during the era.

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Uighurs

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Replaced the ruling eastern turkic empire in 744. remained very similar to kok turks of previous. friendly with china and did not endeavor to expand much.

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Qarabalghusun

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Capital city of the Uighurs

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Baghdad

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Capital city of the Islamic empire.

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Qutayba Ibn Muslim

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helped spread muslim influence through to the non-arabs in Transoxania.

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Sasanians

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Last pre-Islamic dynasty

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Ismail Samani

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First amir of the Samanid Dynasty. Ismail spread power across central asia deliberately patronizing Islamic institutions and converting churches to Mosques.

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Ibn Sina/Avicenna

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Iranian physician who wrote the canon, most widely used medical textbooj

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Al Bukhari

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Religious Samanid scholar who wrote The Sahih.

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Firdawsi

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Major poet who wrote in Dari.

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Satuq Bughra Kahn

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First of the Qarakhanid Chieftains to convert followers to Islam.

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Sultan Malikshah

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Successor to Alp Arslan in 1072. Defeated the Qarakhanids in Transoxania reducing them to Vassals of the now great Seljukid empire.

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Alp Arslan

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Defeated the Byzantine Empire for the Seljuks. first ruler

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Battle of Talas

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751 battle between the Chines and iskhids and an alliance of the Chabish Turks with the aid of the Abbasid Turks.

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Bhukara

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Capital of the Samanids

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Ala al-din Muham

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eliminated the Qarakhitay domination of the seljukid empire