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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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west of the mississippi river was known as _________ prior to 1840's
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Great American Desert
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after 1840 it was...
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frontier- the empty land waiting for settlement and civilization
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Pacific Coast tribes
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Serrano,, Chumash, Pomo, Maidu, Chinook: all decimated by disease
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The Pueblo Indians
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Anasazi, Navajo. grew corn, lived in adobe houses, irrigation systems, engaged in trade and commerce
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Plains Indians
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Siox (Lakota), Cheyenne, Nez Perce. lived off land, followed buffalo, warlike, always in conflict, tp's, most formidable foes
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Hispanic New Mexico
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1 to 50 anglos to hispanics. still tried to establish a white gov.
*remained under military rule til 1850 when a territorial gov was est due to Taos rebellion *catholic patriarchal |
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Hispanic California
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*hispanics were working class
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Hispanic Texas
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*economically displaced Hispanics made 75% of pop in south texas
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Juan Cortina
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*raided a jail in Brownsville and freed Mexican prisoners
*continued to harass Anglos for 15 years |
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Chinese Migration
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*came looking for Gold
*industrious workers *tended to become buisness proprietors *mining 1st then railroads *90% of workforce for west part of rr *organized well... San Fran |
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where east and west sides of railroad met
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*Promontory Point
*marked with a gold spike |
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Anti-Chinese Sentiments
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*industrious workers that took jobs
*opium dens *prostitution *gangs "tongs"... violence *coolies |
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Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
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*suspended migration
*barred Chinese aliens from US citizenship *virtually ended Chinese/Southeast Asian immigration to US until 1968 |
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why make act?
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*fear of industrial army of Asian workers... class conflict
*decreased Chinese pop by more than 40% over next 40 yers |
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Homestead ACt of 1862
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*160 acres for a small fee if improved for 5 years
*wasnt enough land *bleak life |
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Timber Culture Act of 1862
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*amendment to homestead act
*received additional 160 acres if you planted trees |
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Desert Land Act of 1877
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*2.5 mil acres purchased
*tentative title to 640 acres in Great Plains *had to irrigate within 3 years |
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Cattle industry
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*mexican ranchers started "cowboy"
*1860's led long cattle drives *abilene, kansas and chicago became cow towns *cowboys were often veterans of army |
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Romance of Old West
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*cowboy as american symbol
*contributions by authors to image |
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Book that portrayed old west as idealized, rugged, free-spirited
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The Virginian by Owen Wister
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Important Turning Point
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CENSUS OF 1890
-Frederick Jackson Turner: historian from U of Wisconsin writes his essay that argues that the end of the frontier will end an era in Amerfican History |
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Essay about end of the frontier
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because of censes. by Frederick Jackson Turned called "The Significance of the Frontier"
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Concentration Policy
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*forced Indians onto scattered locations often with un liveable land
*desirable lands were left for white |
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Relocation
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Indian peace commission to relocate Plains Indians to Oklahoma and Dakotas
*resulted in conflicts btwn white and indians |
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Fort Laramie Treaty
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Lakota (sioux) wanted black hills because it was a sacred burial and hunting grounds for peace
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Sand Creek Massacre 1864
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Colonel John Chivington: union army officer orders to fire upon 98 unarmed women and children natives
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lat natives to organize resistance to whites
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Apaches in late 1880s
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Battle of LItlle Bighorn
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Natives under Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull
*killed 200 soldiers *left reservations and army was in pursuit of them to be put back on reservations |
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Chase of the Nez Perce
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*Being forced onto a smaller recervation and Chief Joseph refused and tried to tak tribe to Canada
*550 ppl were caught near the Canadian border *forced to live in Okla and many died of disease and starvation |
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Dawes Severlty Act
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*designed to accelerate assimilation of Natives
*citizinship for indians who abondoned allegiances *land to those indians. full titleship ater 25 years *much of land was never distributed *nearly 1/2 of Indian land was lost to white settlement |
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economic trasformation
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*rapid industrialization
*specialized workers *urbanization and manufacturing of cities *5 mil immigrants *large factories replace small ones. competition *corporate expansion *natural resources *agriculture supports pop *supportive gov |
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age of inventions
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Thomas Edison: light bulb, electric generating system, lab
*internal comubstion engine, electric engine *Alexander Bell: phone *Nikolas Tesla: electricity |
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the corporation
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*sell sahres and generate capital
*shareholders didnt run company, experts did *no personal liability *survived shareholders |
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Pullman, Illinois
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*corporation
*George Pullman built railway car manufacturing plant on outskirts of Chicage. own city |
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Vertical Integration
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incolved taking over the businedd on which a company relies for it primary functions. Primary secondary and tritary industries owned by same company
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example of Vertical Integration
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Carnegie: self made man. sold his interest in the US. steel corporation owned the steel industry from mining to production
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Horizontal integration
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involved owning all the same type of buisness
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example of horizontal integration
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Rocafeller. developed leadership skills and love for hard work. He owned 90% of nation's oil refineries
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The Jungle
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book written by Sinclair about life working in a meatpacking plant
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common diseases in workplace
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tuberculosis and bronchitis
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How the other half lives
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by Jacob Riis
-tenement apartment in urban slums *1894 NY tenemen district pop density equal to Calcutta |
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Settlement houses
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Hull house in Chicago founded by Jane Addams in 1889. Neighborhood reconstruction, helped them rebuild lives and daycare for children (should help poor)
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Social Gospel Movement
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*theory popular among industrialists and intellectuals
*poverty=flawed character *intervention on behalf of poor was of doubtful benefit *Carnegie urged that rich set example for poor & return some wealth to community. (give to worthy poor) |
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Social Darwinism
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*growing gap btwn rich& poor is due to competition.
*the fit survive the weak parish and life moves on *wealth reflects fitness so who cares if poor die *Herbert Spencer, William Sumner |
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laissez faire
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*hands off policy
*economy will self regulate *govt shouldnt regulate business |
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1877 Great Uprising
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*started with workers refusing to let trains move
*spread to all industries *violent *early union *resembled Nat'l Labor Union |
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importance of the great strike
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*ist important strike
*fails: shows how frail the labor movement is *quashed |
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Knights of Labor
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-Uriah Stephens/Terence Powderly
*opened to both skilled and unskilled workers *disapproved of strikes *supported better pay, 8hr work day *wanted to change economic system |
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American Federation of Labor AFL
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-Samuel Gompers
*only skilled workers *violent/hostile *hate blacks and women *no political involvment *limited # of labor reforms *aprroved strikers *collective bargaining |
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Haymarket Riot 1886
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*police killed 2 unarmed workers
*home made bomb exploded at meeting in Haymarket Square -made to protest slayings *killed 7 police, 4 strikers, 100 wounded. *8 leaders tried for death. 4 executed *STILL FAIL, VIOLENT, ANARCHIST |
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Homestead Strike 1892
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Carnegie's steal plant. refused collective bargaining and would hire scabs.
*8000 troops sent to end strike and protect scabs |
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Pullman Strike 1894
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-Eugene V Debs
-persuaded ppl to boycott Pullman cars in 27 states, paralyzing transportation -Pres cleveland sent 2000 troops to inforce injunction |
