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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Connecticut
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mostly settled by people who wanted religious freedom (mostly non separatist puritans)
-4th new england colony |
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new hampshire
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settled during "great migration" (around same time as mass. bay) and they were puritans & prt of mass. bay
-last of new england colonies to be |
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pennsylvania
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-middle colony
-proprietary colony started by william penn -economically was farming; wheat, barely, oats -started for religious & economic reasonsas well as a religious refuge for quakers |
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william penn
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started proprietary colony of pennsylvania
-started it for religious reasons -was a quaker frm a prominant family in england, Father was an admiral who led attack on jamaica & took it frm spanish -wantyed good relations with native americans. Natives were not allowed to be sold alcohol or firearms -colonists had to buy land frm natives |
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quakers
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religious grp that beleived every person was a child of god with an "inner light" that god put in ur soul. beleived in equality for all human beings
-were pacifists & did not beleive in warfare or violence -they did not sware oaths, show signs of deference, n didnt show loyalty to king which got them in trouble -didnt beleive in having bishops, ministers, or other 'leaders' -oroginaly called the society of friends -got their name frm their 'inner light' shining thru during prayer causing them to shake -appeared treasonous which also got them in trouble since went against common beleifs of not swearing oaths, show loyalty to king, or go to war -were one of the st grps who did not encourage slavery; didnt outlaw it but didnt encourage it |
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philadelphia
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-1st colony quakers founded
-william penn was proprietor of penssylvania n est. freedom of religion -only requirement for being able to settle here was u had to beleive in god & had to own property (land, cow, etc.) u could vote n serve in office 'city of brotherly love' |
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delaware
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was originally prt of pennsylvania grant
-middle colony -settled in mid 1600'sbefore quakers came, was settled first by finns, swedes, and dutch n was called new sweden. -eventually sweden lost control of the colony n Penn took over -this n pennsylvania shared gov. but had 2 diff. legislatures |
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new netherland
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originally ny, settled by dutch at 1st
-est. a colony called new amsterdam- today called ny on island of manhattan |
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patroons
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healthy dutch landowners who were given huge land grants in hudson river valley; used slave labor
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new amsterdam
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colony est. in new netherlands now ny
-on island of manhattan -was mainly a trading post; involved in trade around world n were replacing portugal as a powerful trading country (dutch) |
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navigation acts
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series of trade laws designed to enforce the rules of mercantilism
-made to try to get english (colonists) to stop trading with dutch; meant to get colonists to only trade w/ mother country; very sporatically enforced n difficult to enforce so they were very ineffective -this is why things escalated to war with dutch later on |
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anglo-dutch war of 1664
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the last of the wars fought b/w engl. n dutch lost n had to sign treaty w/ english n new amsterdam was renamed new york after the duke of york
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james II
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was originally duke of york n when charles II died he bacame heir
-was already proprietor of ny when became king n then ny became royal colony - b/c colonies werent obeying he revoked charters of R.I, connecticut, NH, (all colonies) n made them one lg royal colony called Dominion of New England |
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new jersey
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prt of new netherlands n originally settled by Dutch
-was also prt of proprietary colony. James II broke it away frm ny n gave it to Lord John Berkely n Sir George Carteret as a favor n it was a financial decision. In early 1700's they started selling land to land speculators. colonists asked King to revoke charter b/c of high land prices n it became a royal colony as a result in 1702 |
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Lord John Berkely
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James II gave new jersey to him and Sir Geaorge Carteret as a favor n financial decision
-sold land to land speculators |
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sir george carteret
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james II gave new jersey to him and lord john berkely as a favor and as a financial decision
- sold land to land speculators |
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lords of trade
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charles II established this
-another step in an attempt to get colonists to comply with trading(navigation acts) -compiled to see if colonists were following rules |
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Dominion of New England
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when james II revoked the charters of r.i, connecticut, nh, (all colonies) n made them one lg royal colony n later added ny n nj
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sir edmund andros
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became governor of dominion of new england; was appointed by James II. he tried to establish the church of england n challenged land grants around boston; puritans hated him n king b/c of them trying to control them all since theywere used to self-government
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glorious revolution
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people rose up against james II; king n family fled to france; parliament said james voluntarily abdicated the throne and that he threw royal seal overboard; they then invited james' oledest daughter mary n her hubby william to b joint rulers of england n had to sign agreements to limitations on their power
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william n mary
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after father james II was risen up against; invited her n her husband to b joint rulers of england; had to agree to sign power limitations-declaration of english bill of rights
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english bill of rights
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outlined individual rights for all englishmen: frequent elections, right to trial by jury, right to no cruel punishment, right to petition gov., freedom of debate w/ parliament, right to bear arms (except catholics)
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toleration act of 1689
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william n mary had to sign this also
- no longer had to go to church of england; minority grps could serve how they wanted -did not mean all religions would b treated fairly but it was a big step |
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leisler's rebellion
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started by jacob leisler who was dutch merchant who wanted to overthrow gov. of dominion n take over in ny
-wrote petition to william n mary causing alot of colonies to get their charters back that james took away -he took over gov n controlled it till 1691 n only was supported when trying to overthrow gov.; eventually power went to head n was gotten rid of |
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vice-admirality courts
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legal courts est. by monarch n under control of monarch
-only heard cases dealing with trade violations; if broke a nav act case was heard by judge n sentence was done by judge all of whom were appointed by monarch - broke english bill of rights tho since they have right to trial by jurybut colonists didnt get this n felt unequal |
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board of trade
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created by parliament to replace the lords of trade; monitored compliance w/ nav acts oversaw trade
-was under control of parliament, all reports went to them -wasnt a big controversy just b/c england was much more powerful than dutch now w/ trade -only products colonists continued to illegally trade was tea, sugar, molasses, w/ dutch n french |
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backcountry
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area where diff. grps of people settled b/w appalachian mts n east coast
-was wilderness back then n only settled by natives; many numbers of people settled there |
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germans
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early to mid 1700's-came for religious reasons n ec. opportunities
-mainly belonged to o/ protestant grps, their country was states with official state religions, no religious freedom -these people left for am. colonies to get land for ec. reasons n religious ones -came in family n religious grps, mostly ended up in philly b/c penn. had religious freedom n good land n climate -found out philly was occupied by quakers so settled in VA n NC -formed tight nit communities ex.- amish |
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scots-irish
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werent rlly all scottish or irish but were protestant laborors in N ireland
-by 1700 ec. circumstances- rent went up, crops did bad, starvation -many saved $ for passage to Am. -presbytarians were in SC and Philly -hardly had $ so went further west where land was free - backcountry of Penn. lg # in VA, SC, NC, n GA -were independant people, tough liked living in middle of nowhere on their own -distrusted gov. so liked living in backcountry -werent too religious so didnt rlly form tight communities w/ religions or towns or gov. -knew how to defend themselves -lack of law n order n est. religion made them lack moral guidance -was haven for criminals even had gangs n fighting w/ natives -people ev. got sick of it n went to gov. back east for security |
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rationalism
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philisophical movemen using reason n science to understand the world
-werent ateists but didnt rlly agree w/ churches on their explanations on things |
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emotionalism
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prt of grt awakening where used feelings n emotion to understand the world
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enlightenment
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started in europe n then to colonies-branch of scientific revolution; started to figure out why things were the way they were and people like Newton learned of natural laws n physical laws w/ science
-took ideas as scientific rev n applied them to siciety- why gov is way it is -beleived humans could b made perfect; beleived in ability of environment to change people- env. had alot to do with way people were ex) live in good env. w/ good family u turn out good n if grow up poorly u turn out bad but can be reformed -philosophers of this were critical of social institutions like churches n gov. systems -skeptical of churches teachings- beleifs of superstiton n suoernatural |
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deism
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new religious philosophy that was est. w/ enlightenment
-not a religion just a philosophy they adopted -did not reject there was a god n that god created world but beleived god wasnt present in everybody's life n didnt cause things to happen- only scientific explanation -described gods role n compared him to a clock maker since he madde it but we run it -mostly elite colonists beleived in this philosophy, ex. george washington |
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john locke
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english philosopher wrote alot about n studied governments n proposed solutions
-critical of european govs- constitutionalism- gr. britain w/ constitutional monarchy n parliament n absolute monarchy-didnt beleive it was good form of gov but spported constitutionalism -wrote essays incl. 'two treatises on government' which outlines beleifs on where gov came frm, their role n wat society's role was |
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two treatises on government
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essay written by john locke
-outlines his beleifs on gov, what their role is n what society's role is -beleived derived power frm people, created to protect people w/ laws -rights to life, liberty, n property were to john locke the natural rights of all- gov. protected these -said rev was ok if gov was not being what they should |
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great awakening
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religious revival started in england n spread to am. colonies- impact was long lasting
-based in emotionalism- understanding world w/ feelings. intuition, n faith (using ur heart to understand world n ur place in it) - opposite of enlightenment(using head) -by 1700's english n am. colonies were losing spiritual connection -ministers took note were young and energetic n disallusioned themselves n tried to get stronger bond w/ god -gve new types of sermans w/ more emotion instead of dry facts |
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George whitfield
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important minister during great awakening
-had ideas that broke him frm church of england -ex. idea of being reborn, felt he himself was reborn |
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country ideology
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emerged in england; political philosophy and movement influenced by enlightenment
-political philosophy adopted by grp of english politicians frm whig prty- were big land owners frm country w/ lg estates n very wealthy n didnt live in london -thought crown was corruptn tried to propose solutions -felt it was corrupt b/c of patronage system used by king to appoint people to gov. meaning u had to have connections to get job ingov. -people w/ this philosphy wanted good, honorable men in their gov n military n beleived gov workers shouldnt earn salary -also beleived shouldnt waste $ on standing army during peace time also that property shouldnt b taken w/o consent n no taxes w/o representation in gov. -grp didnt rlly succeed since were minoruty |
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salutary neglect
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british gov est. this where gov. didnt pay attention to colonies
-was healthy neglect b/c colonists liked it this way so br. gov. wasnt interfering -stupid for english gov. tho since the colonies r like teenagers being left alone -they would get away with sugar smuggling -coloines liked it but when mother country came back they didnt n it led to rev. |
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triangular trade
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system of trade that went across atlantic- 3 major regions: colonies, england(europe) and africa
-africa had labor, gold, and ivory-sold in british colonies in america n carribbean -colonies n carribbean provided raw materials to be manufactured -carribbean made sugar n molasses n shipped it to colonies - sweetener for tea, molasses was prt of rum -n. american colonies- tobacco, indigo, n rice n cotton to ship to england -middle colonies- grain products sold to n. american colonies -benefited all 3 regions even tho colonists couldnt manufacture anything |
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trans atlantic slave trade
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aquisition of slaves in w. africa to colonies n carribbean
- started in 1500's in portigal n spain -europeans had access in mid ages-were bought in n africa n sold by muslim traders -1st to buy frm w. africa were portugese -europe didnt need them since they had peasnats -portugese used slaves for agriculture-grew as port. et. colonies -in 1500's spanish got slaves for new world as natives died off-bought them frm port. b/c of treaty of tordesiilas -lots of port. slaves went to brazil -by 1600's dutch took over n in 1700's british took over -most came frm w africa and places like madagascar -42% ended up in w. indies n 42% in s. am. -mentality was to work them to death -mostly afr. men-were grtly punished- dint bring females b/c didnt encourage families -sugar demand was high so needed laborers-mostly in Carribbean n brazil taken there to be 'broken' before shipping them to n. am. -later encouraged famailies so could get ost out of $ so provided health care so could live longer n encouraged wom |
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carribbean and brazil
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places slaves were taken to b/c of sugar plantations; mortality rates for slaves was high n they died young
-family formations were not wanted they bought young male slaves and worked them to death |
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Factories & Factors
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trading ports along coast of africa (ports of trade) (europeans called trading ports factories)
-slaves held in dungeons of factories till ships came -west coast of africa was called the slave coast |
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factors
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men who tradede with african kings for slaves
-man who managed the factory; worked w/ kings n hammered out deals; lived at the fort |
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middle passage
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journey frm africa to americas (middle prt of journey); 1st passage was being marched frm villages to factories and 3rd prt was the arrival to the americas
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seven yrs war
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1754- fought by proffessional soldiers; marked major turning point b/w colonists n mother country
-started in the colonies n was a territorial dispute by France n Britain over area called New France -both sides claimed disputed land n no one wanted to budge on their position |
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french and indian war
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indians allied with france
-indians realized the british won the land n knew British would keep pushing west n keep fighting wars n taking land - |
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george washington
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general fought in french and indian war
-when french attacked fort necessity he surrendered fort b/c his forces were grtly outnumbered b/c french had natives on their side -est. fort necessity |
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fort necessity
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british fort-est. by VA militia under colonel george washington
-once fort was est. washington was supposed to go after ffrench but they outnumbered him n his troops so he pulled back n surrendered it to french |
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fort duquesne
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fort on ohio river est. by french
-was an attempt by french to to claim this land n est. a foothold |
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louisbourg
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french fort
-was aqcuired w/ help of american militia around 1758 to take the fort -alloweed for blockade to keep supplies frm reaching french navy frm bringing in more soldiers |
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fort frontenac
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french fort
-guarded st. lawrence river valley frm the west; connected to atlantic n grt lakes even mississippi to the gulf |
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battle of quebec
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where british moved into st lawrence river valley where they attacked quebec which was the capital of new france
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montreal
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in 1760 british moved down to this new france city to attack; not a big battle
-british surounded city n it gave up |
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treaty of paris of 1763
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7 yrs war didnt officially end until 1763 when both sides signed this
-it worked out the territorial exchanges and france lost all of its n american lands |
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proclamation line of 1763
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est. a western boundary to save $ n prevent fighting
-colonies could not move west of the line -colonists were upset b/c of this n that the french n spanish could settle anywhere they felt like they were being punished |
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pontiacs uprising
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led british to realize that if Britain continued westwarrd, fighting would continue n so would debt
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george grenville
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wanted colonists to pay for salaries; helped pass sugar act of 1764
-had customs duty placed on sugar n molaases; colonists didnt want customs duty b/c it was expensive n did not like idea that it was to solely raise revenue -this act cut the prices of sugar in half so they had to follow law n buy british sugar that would then increase revenue |
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sugar act of 1764
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partly passed by george grenville
-where lg customs duty was placed on sugar n molasses upsetting the colonists since they did not want to do it b/c it was expensive -it cut the prices of sugar in half forcing the colonists to follow the law n buy british sugar that would then increase revenue |
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currency act of 1764
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(grenville); prohibited colonists frm coining/ printing their own money. Britain wanted umiform currency to make trading simpler
-biggest reason- colonial currency was worth less than british pound -colonists didn like it cuz they felt british gov was meddling in their affairs |
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quartering act of 1765
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required colonial gov to pay the rm n board of proffessional soldiers living in the colonies
-british gov paid salaries, weapons, etc. -controversial act b/c colonists did not want soldiers there (they disliked standing army during peacetime) ; places like ny didnt comply so so he disolved legislature n sent soldiers home |
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stamp act of 1765
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placed customs duty on paper goods (which included legal papers, stationary cards, dice, newspapers, etc.) modest tax designed to raise revenue to pay salries of customs agents (mostly) had been paying this tax in england for yrs w/ no problems, colonists howver disagreed n there were riots in which confiscated stamps n burned them, burning efigys of customs agents or beating them up or tar n feathers
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"sons of liberty"
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local, urban, grassroots organization (boston, philly, charleston); organized rallies, protests, tar n feather; political elites protested as well
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stamp act congress
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9 delegates who went to ny to protest stamp act (property was taken w/o their consent)
-stamp act was repealed by parliamentt the next yr n grenville was gone |
