History

Front 1

Francisco Lopez - 1st person; in March 1842;wild onions;at the San Feliciano Canon; end of 1843, $50,000 in gold was found; San Feliciano Canon lacked water in 1846; abandoned.

Back 1

James Marshall- Jan. 24, 1848, discovered gold at Sutter’s Mill; greatest gold rush in the United States history. San Francisco-a big city b/c it was the closest port to Sutter’s Mill

Front 2

49ers were the hardiest travelers ever. People were called “backed out Californians” b/c made a day or two of traveling and went back
2,200-mile trip over land
they would be all hot and sweaty

Back 2

A lot of 49ers did not bring enough water for the dry deserts of Nevada. Smart businessmen went eastward with barrels of water they sold a glass of water for $100. Water was not the only expensive item. In the beginning flour was $4.00 a barrel but later on, it was $1 per pint.

Front 3

by sea it was not an easy way to go either-cramped and smelly
food-old and gross. seasickness

Back 3

lots of ways to go by sea; There was going:
around Florida; up to Texas; travel on foot to CA.
to Panama; landing there; a three day-trip across it and onto another ship to San Francisco.
or you could go down to South America; around Cape Horn; up to San Francisco.

Front 4

Now that you are in CA you have to pick a method of gathering your gold. plenty of methods for gathering gold. placer mining, winnowing, the rocker, the water wheel and the Long Tom.

Back 4

Placer mining-miner uses a shallow metal pan; mixes water with soil; swirls in a circular motion. by doing so; lighter soil washes away and leaves the gold.

Front 5

Winnowing was when people used wool sarapes; gently bounced dry soil on it; wind took dried sand while leaving the heavier gold behind.

Back 5

Water wheel was introduced by the Chinese but it was not very useful.

The rocker or cradle was a gold washing machine; could process two hundred bucketfuls a day.

Front 6

The Long Tom’s job was the same as the rocker but better; took two men to handle. One miner shoveled dirt into the long tom. The other removed large rocks and also kept the dirt moving through the channel and across an iron plate with holes in its bottom.

Back 6

The sand and gold drops through the holes and into a lower box. The final separation was by panning.

Front 7

1.poured the gold into a shallow pan.
2.set it over a hot fire.
3.turned it over and over with a small spoon-shaped instrument until it was dry as powder.

Back 7

4. put it in a triangular metal dish called a “blower,” and blow across it to clear the sand and stuff away.
5. empty the clean gold into a container and stored your gold.