Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Vasco Da Gama
|
portugese mariner, went to India to trade, opened door to maritime trade between Europe and Asia
|
|
|
pepper, ginger, cinnamon, rubies, gold, cotton
|
the items avaible in India for trade
|
|
|
Da Gama's problem with trade
|
indian people did not want or need anything he had to offer them
|
|
|
African gold, ivory and slaves
|
metals important b/c they were primary form of payment for asian goods;
slaves needed for plantation owners |
|
|
missionary religion
|
xtians wanted to spread their religion throughout the world b/c the new testament told them to do so
|
|
|
Reconquista in Spain
|
wiped out after xtians waged wars and crusaded to make people convert to xtianity
|
|
|
Prince Henry the navigator
|
Don Enrique; tried to navigate to convert people or xtianity, gain intelligence, get gold, and make alliances w/ xtian rulers
|
|
|
sturdy ships
|
needed to sail on the ocean to prevent drowning; built in rudder to better control the ships
|
|
|
rudder
|
invented by the chinese and used first by Arabs then by xtians; used to steer and control ships
|
|
|
square sails
|
only took advantage of wind from behind... so ship only could travel in direction of the wind
|
|
|
lateen sails
|
triangular, caught wind from the side, made it possible to steer
|
|
|
compasses and astrolobes
|
astrolobes - latitude
compasses - heading |
|
|
problem of measuring longitude
|
need to be able to measure time exactly and they could not do so back then
|
|
|
volta do mar
|
"return through the sea", when one sails off course until the winds blow in the direction of your target
|
|
|
"Indians"
|
when columbus reached the islands of America, he thought that the inhabitants were indians of asia
|
|
|
Balboa
|
spanish military commander in 1573, found the pacific ocean when searching for gold in Panama
|
|
|
Magellan
|
portugese navigator, led reconaissance of the pac. ocean in 1519-1522, tried to pursue columbuses attempts to establish a west. route to eurasia
|
|
|
one ship and 18 men
|
the only crewmembers of the original 280 men and 5 ships to return through the pacific ocean route (the rest returned through the indian ocean
|
|
|
northwest passage
|
european explorers were searching for a northern passage between europe and asia; it exists but is so far north that most times ice clogs up the water.
|
|
|
James Cook
|
led 3 expeditions to the pac. ocean; charted east. Australia, New Zealand, and tropical islands; at end of his voyages, europeans had charted most of the water in the world
|
|
|
smallpox, measles, diptheria, whooping cough, influenza
|
diseases that brought huge losses to people of America and the Pacific Islands; came from the eastern hemisphere
|
|
|
endemic
|
prevalent in a certain area, region, lacality, or people
|
|
|
wheat and vines
|
traded from europe to america; and became local to the americas also
|
|
|
cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens
|
transformed grass and wheat into forms digestible by humans suah as milk and meat
|
|
|
potatoes, beans, tomatoes, peppers
|
took root in Africa; also grew in america; America used these items to trade for other products
|
|
|
enslavement of Africans
|
traded for textiles, guns and other manufactured goods; worked on plantations in west. hemisphere
|
|
|
manilla galleons
|
sleek, fast, heavily armed, capable of carrying large quantities of cargo; took goods between mexico, asia and europe
|
|
|
global trade
|
arose from european efforts to explore and chart the world's waterways
|
|
|
scurvy
|
deadly illness
many of magellans men died from it |
|
|
voyages of columbus
|
thought he had reached Asia and never actually made it to asia
he discovered Americas in the process by accident |
|
|
Afrasia
|
unified land mass of Africa, Asia and Europe
|
|
|
temperate zone
|
north of the equator
where most people live |
|
|
disorder, insecurity, violence
|
cowardcie of men medieval times; people flew to nunneries and monasteries to escape the devil
|
|
|
Last Judgement
|
the balance between tribulation and hope the softens bereavement, balance tribulation, and inspire significance in human existence
|
|
|
portrayal of the devil
|
'devil bound to burning gridiron by red-hot chains, his screams of agony never ended, his hands reached out and seized the damned and crushed them with his teeth"
|
|
|
holy water and the cross
|
thought to ward off the devil, xtian beliefs in religious practice
|
|
|
fallibility
|
xtian took in answers given to them by church w/out question b/c they were worried they might lose confidence in their faith
|
|
|
"pple ruled by a power greater than knowledge"
|
pple believed that god should not be questioned b/c he will bring one salvation no matter what their fault
|
|
|
the judgement of god
|
pple thought about whether god was good or evil and wondered why he allowed this Black Death to occur
|
|
|
rats and fleas
|
fleas and rats infested the towns with the black plague
|
|
|
role of the church during the Black Death
|
pple turned to church but most of the clergy fled to save themselves;
the pple lost faith in the church and church lost contact w/ the pple |
|
|
Dance of Death
|
the way in which artists were influenced by the Black Death
|
|
|
pogroms
|
attacks against the jews
|
|
|
Wat Tyler
|
led a pesant rebellion to raise their wages and rights
|
|
|
Impact of Black Death
|
economy suffered, church lost contact w/ pple, death of hundreds of thousands, divisionof pple, uprisings by peasants, anti-semitic views
|
|
|
tobacco
|
transplant from Africa
|
|
|
impact of diseases on the Aztecs
|
declined by 95% due to epidemic smallpox
Spanish took over Mexico |
|
|
fear of hell
|
xtians believed that on Last Judgement they would be:
doomed by hell, or saved by eternal bliss of heaven disasters blamed on the devil |
|
|
500 BC
|
Middle Ages, Fall Of Rome
fear of barbarians, frequent wars, lawlessness cities in decline, pop. loss decline in trade |
|
|
1000 BC
|
end of barbarian invasions
romanesque style |
|
|
1095 BC
|
crusades- europeans trying to get holy land from muslims...failed to do so
order as opposed to lawlessness |
|
|
1194 BC
|
building of Chartres Cathedral
no more fear of barbarians economic improvement, stability, trade |
|
|
1347-1351 BC
|
Black Death
plague spread across Europe, 1/3 died, pogroms began economic instability, peasant rebellions church lost devotees |
|
|
steppe
|
vast plain with no trees
|
|
|
Chingghis Khan
|
created largest Mongol Empire ever
known as the universal leader |
|
|
"a willingness to betray allies or superiors to improve one's positions"
|
the art of steppe diplomacy
supported by Chingghis Khan |
|
|
importance of army to mongols
|
magnified their power
|
|
|
Great Person Theory
|
theory that one person can change the path of history
|
|
|
equestran skills of mongols
|
hunted to increase skills, had great training on horseback for war
|
|
|
psychological warfare
|
live = surrender w/out resistence
die = resistence of any kind sometimes wiped out whole cities |
|
|
mongol conquest of N. China
|
prevented any attacks by other nomads
|
|
|
mongol conquest of Persia
|
laid foundation for empire
killed the shah and thousands of people |
|
|
4 regional empires
|
-China
-Persia -Russia -Mongolia |
|
|
Golden Hordes
|
dominated russia after Chingghis Khan's death
|
|
|
Khubilai Khan
|
grandson of Chingghis
built roads and presided over empire at its height |
|
|
Marco Polo
|
famous Venetian Traveler
lived 2 decades at Khubilai's court praised Khubilai's generosity |
|
|
kamikaze
|
divine winds; japanese thanked the kamikaze for sparing their nation from conqueest by the mongols
|
|
|
mongol view of religion
|
tolerated all religion,
at one pt they massacred xtains and jews |
|
|
shamanism
|
belief in meditation being affcted by Shamas
|
|
|
long distance trade (mongol empire)
|
not risky b/c Khans allowed safe passage through their empire
|
|
|
highways for missionaries
|
routes in afrasia allowed turkish to popularize islam
|
|
|
Pax Mongolia
|
200 yr peace from mongol rule
promoted trade and prosperity |
|
|
Sundiata
|
the lion prince
founder of the mali empire in the 13th century |
|
|
griots
|
African singers and storytellers
|
|
|
african harbors
|
not many harbors because the majority of Africa is Desert
|
|
|
griots
|
African singers and storytellers
|
|
|
impact of cataracts on trade
|
complicated travel on the continent's major rivers
|
|
|
Bantu migrations
|
settled south of the equator
societies built on foundation of of small communities of migrants |
|
|
yams, sorghum, millet
|
dietary staples of s. african pple
|
|
|
bananas
|
entered Africa through sea lanes
nutritious, allowed pple to move, provided a lot of food |
|
|
stateless societies
|
when the Bantus governed themselves through kinship groups
|
|
|
governing by family/ kinship groups
|
men were head of family and decided the pubil affairs for the entire family
|
|
|
leadership by powerful chiefs (in Bantu times)
|
chiefs led more than one village/
kinship group overrode the kinship groups |
|
|
cowries
|
shells that were used as money by the Bantu people
|
|
|
dessication
|
when something is dried or drained of water
|
|
|
gold trade and ghana
|
gold found in ghana; gold was in demand; ghana becane important; gold taxed to enrich ghana and its kings
|
|
|
qadi
|
muslim judge
|
|
|
Mansa Musa
|
was ruler at the high point of the empire
muslim, mali declined after his rule |
|
|
private property
|
private - house and household items
communal - land |
|
|
role of women in africa
|
highly honored as bringers of life
|
|
|
Pope Leo
|
medici
pope at time of protestant revolution raised money to build greatest church (st. peters cathedral) excommunicated Luther |
