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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the approach many Native Americans had towards the land
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Had an intimacy with the land, "circle of life", Earth/god/mother was the same and this was heaven on earth and that their gods were with them every day, very humble but failed to recognize crop exhaustion
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According to Anthropologists, how did the Central Asians make their way to the New World? How did the Indians get here?
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40,000 BC there was an ice age; central asians had to go in search of food. They crossed the ice bridge (pacific ocean) to the americas and 20,000 BC the ice bridge melted, stranding the central asians
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Name some of the reasons the Europeans were forced to look to the unknown West in the 14th century?
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The Europeans were in their renaissance; exotic goods were "cool". They had to trade with the arabs and asians. When the arabs could set a high price, some europeans wanted to trade directly through asia. However, the journey was long and dangerous. They looked for a shortcut by going west
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When hunting-were the Natives efficient hunters or not? Explain your answer
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They were very efficient; they did not waste time, they knew what to do with the animal, was always a "clean shot", did not waste any part of the animal that they killed...used everything
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To what lengths did Christopher Columbus have to go get sponsorship?
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Good: credentials, devices, "3 weeks"
Bad: high price, was from Italy, was Jewish |
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Where did Christopher Columbus think he landed originally?
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Japan and then India
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What sorts of people did Spain send to the New World? List at least two
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impulsive, wasteful, greedy, inefficient, explorative young males who had no intention of settling down; this was something they did to get rich before settling down
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Describe Britain's very early voyages to the New World
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They learned from Spain's mistakes; sent a large diversity of people to the new world; 7 point policy; had everything planned out: wanted it to be forever liveable and profitable
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What was significant about Jamestown for the British in 1607?
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It was the first non-spanish/permanent spot in the new world
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Why did Jamestown nearly fail in its early years? What type of people came there initially?
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people with a huge attitude problem, they procrastinated and didn't know how to build a big city; they did not have the correct supplies; most died in winter/became cannibals
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Why did Indentured Servants find it easy to run away?
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Many looked the same, had similar names/others like them were free too so it was easy to hide in a town over; they could not be severely punished/beaten for running away
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How did one become an Indentured Servant?
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The colonies raised the price of the ship to come to the new world so people in europe would sign up for IS and come to america in debt; they decided to work to 3-7ish years and then they were free to get rich
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What was the best part about growing Tobacco, economically?
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It is a very very easy crop to grow, you only have to work about two days out of the year and it was a way to become insanely rich; destroyed spanish monopoly
***inflation proof, high supply , high demand |
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What types of people did Virginia attract during the colonial period? List three
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Lazy, stupid, cannibals
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Why did the British have a hard time getting people to Plymouth pre-1620?
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Everyone was dying, there was no profits, cannibals and no city to live in
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Exactly how did the growing of Tobacco "save" the Virginia colony?
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1) economically awesome
2) gives them money 3) perfect "lazy man's crop" 4) destroyed spanish monopoly (no middle man) |
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By what arrangement did the Puritans find their way to the New World?
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They were intolerant against anyone else; the King was worried about security of his new colonies
No one wanted to live their because of all the money in Virginia Puritans were allowed to stay separate from everyone else and do what ever they wanted as long as they agreed to act as "scarecrows" |
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What apparent signs from God presented themselves to the Pilgrims after arriving in the New World? Name 2
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Found a clearing with dirt paths, house foundations and utensils
Two angels (natives) came down path and ended up showing them how to do things |
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Why were the Pilgrims generally left to themselves in terms of administering their colony?
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They were only there to be scarecrows, the King did not really care what they did. They were "garbage" people
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What types of people founded the other New England colonies?
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Jamestown: greedy cannibals
Plymouth: religious puritans Maryland: Calvets were rewarded/banished to Maryland, Catholics, mad at King New York: Lord York invaded the Dutch, became dutch like colony, melting pot Pennsylvania: William Penn; Quakers; most accepting place, everyone was equal Carolina: The new virginia Georgia: experiment, protects rich people, barrier between spanish and rich people, criminals |
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Why couldn't the London Company settle the region later known as New England? Why didn't people want to go there initially?
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It was cold, and there was not as much profit as in Virginia
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Explain for me this idea that the Puritans were to serve as "scarecrow" for the British Empire during the 1600s?
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The puritans were to give the north a "lights on" look so that no one would invade
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How did the Puritans make their way to Plymouth? What plan was formulated?
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They were given the land to get them out of Europe
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How would you characterize the government the Puritans were allowed to set up in New England?
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They were allowed to do whatever they liked
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How did the Calvert Family obtain Maryland and what was unique about it?
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The Calvert family was being rewarded for helping the Kings out so many times; however, they were also banished because of their religion
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When I described Maryland as a "buffer" land what did I mean?
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At first Maryland tried to be a blend of the north and the south but it soon became a mini virginia
It was geographically/culturally a buffer between the north and the south "Mason-Dixon" Line |
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Why and how did the British seize the colonies of New Amsterdam and New Netherlands?
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While the English Civil war was going on, the dutch took over these colonies; after the war britain went to get it back (york): brutal force-only 6 days
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How did the British treat the Dutch and the Dutch culture after taking New York?
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The dutch were allowed to stay and the dutch culture was still allowed/in tact
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After obtaining his land grant what groups of people began to flood into Penn's Sylvania? What did it get a reputation as?
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Quakers; it got the reputation as the "city of brotherly love" everyone was equal and it was the birthplace of religious freedom-didn't even need to have a religion
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How was the Carolina colony corrupted? What types of people "ruined" the colony?
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There was a screening process to keep out "virginia like people" and end up getting cold people, investors from the Caribbean (start slavery/plantations)
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Despite the Carolina Company's best intentions, what types of unintended purchasers settled there?
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caribbean people who ended up investing in plantations
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What was James Oglethorpe's "vision" for the Georgia Colony?
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He wanted to make it like a rehab place for the criminals
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What sorts of activities were barred from the Georgia Colony? Please list 3
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no slaves, no prostitution, no booze
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What groups were invited specifically to the Georgia colony?
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Criminals (murderers, thieves, homeless/poor)
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Strategically what was the impetus for the creation of the Georgia Colony?
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It was a place between the spanish warriors and the other colonies; meant to be a throwaway land; rugged and defensive-intruders would stop dead in their tracks
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Why did the King want the Georgia colony set up?
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To protect his rich people in carolina
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Why did I characterize James Oglethorpe as a "humanitarian" of sorts?
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he had values similar to today, wants to help the people who were sent here
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What two institutions in a way corrupted the Carolina Colony and the Georgia colony?
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Georgia: the second generation who did not want to live by their parents' rules-ended up owning slaves
Carolina: plantations/slavery |
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What did I mean when I said that British North America became a population "dumping ground" for Britain? List 4 instances
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Britain sent all of it's throwaway people that it did not want in europe (all of the people who spoke out, wanted to move up in society, different religion, etc)
Examples: 1) Plymouth: the puritans (religious fanatics) 2) Georgia: the criminals 3) Calvets: different religion 4) Amish: different religion |
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Characterize the political nature of Governor William Berkeley and his tenure in the Virginia colony
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Governor of Virginia; did not care about the people, was a horrible governor, "bad guy", would always win elections, no one served more than 14 mo. under him, he was the law
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Generally speaking, what became of the original settlers of Jamestown by 1700? What was their status?
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4 north to 1 south; less children/immigration, homogeneous of english; rural; economy=agricultural/plantations, no public schools, wealth fluctuates
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What groups of people were usually forced to the backcountry for land in the southern colonies? And why?
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The "garbage people" of the colonies; mostly angry ex-IS irish
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What happened during Bacon's rebellion? What two groups were involved?
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It was a rebellion of the 99% (ex IS) who were not given their promised "gifts"; they were angry and had to move to the mountains-angry at the 1%; the poor got together. Berkeley gave indians guns: poor won against indians and 1% was now scared: arrest Bacon
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In an abstract sense who was Bacon attacking during his rebellion?
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Berkeley/the 1% because he was helping the 99% (poor)
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How was Bacon able to get wealthy planters to join his posse?
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The wealthy planters soon realized what a crook Berkeley was and hired Bacon to conquer the government and kick him out
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In a social sense, how did I describe the Salem Witch Trials?
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It was a way for people to relieve their stress; they were going crazy
People could accuse people they didn't like and take all of their things |
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Did the laws protect or harm indentured servants? Explain your answer
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The laws helped IS because they were white christians and were to be treated equally with rights; it was a business partnership, not slavery
Planters could not beat/control them |
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Did the laws protect or harm African Slaves? Explain your answer
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The laws made sure that AS was a horrible thing for slaves; they had "no souls" which meant they had no rights and were legally regarded as property
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Why did Southern colonists deem backwoods types as dangerous around the late 1600s?
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The backwoods was filled with the south's "garbage" people who were very angry with them; it was very tense
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Compared to previous forms in World history, what was different about Colonial America's "version" or incarnation of slavery? List 3 things
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1) slave codes
2) |
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How did African slave owners mark their "property"- how did they know who they owned?
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They would either brand them, or have some kind of marking
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What was a "slave factory"?
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A slave factory was on the "golden coast" of Africa; they would weed through healthy slaves; it was a place to buy already captured slaves
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Explain for me this idea that Indentured Servitude was a private business arrangement in Colonial America
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There was nothing written in the law about IS; it was simply a handshake in front of a barn that made an IS an IS
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Name three basic differences between IS and AS
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1) IS can leave after so many years, AS was permanent
2) IS had rights, AS had no rights 3) SOULS |
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For what reasons did owners turn away from IS? List 3
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1) rights (can sue)
2) high run away rate 3) can't punish the way they wanted to 4) temporary 5) parting gift |
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Explain for me this idea that the 1670s represents a point of critical mass for the institution of IS
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Bacon's rebellion scared most everyone away from IS and made them realize they could not be cheap anymore
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What were the slave codes? (Big picture)
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Defined the status of African Americans
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List for me 4 examples of what might be stated in a typical slave code
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1) cannot vote/appear in court/jury or own land
2) can't learn to read 3) can't write anything 4) no weapons 5) no religion (sometimes a held back Christianity) 6) speak English 7) severe punishments |
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Socially speaking, what did the Slave Codes do the practice of AS?
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It was the law of what white owners could do and AS could not do
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What motivated the Amish to come to British North America?
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They came to have religious freedom
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Explain for me how the Slave Codes "Bacon-Proofed" Colonial society
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1) Bacon people are no longer the lowest class
2) less angry 3) "at least I'm not one of them" 4) gave them the illusion that they moved up compared to high class |
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What was the Triangular Trade system
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Ships from Europe came to Africa=> from Africa w/ slaves to colonies => dropped of slaves at colonies and sent goods to Europe
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Please provide 3 examples of a "finished" good coming from the colonies to Britain
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1) chairs
2) clothes 3) glass ware 4) furniture 5) candles 6) rum Sale Manufacture/Exporting a Finished Good |
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What sorts of preparation was used to prepare a slave for auction? List 3
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Given clothes
Fed (sad=brandy, violent/etc.=sedative) Cover grey hair/wrinkles Oil to look muscular/toned holes are covered up with tar |
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Name 4 specific things provided for generally by the colonial slave codes?
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1) permanent slave
2) wealth 3) could punish slaves 4) prevented another bacon's rebellion |
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What is the Amish-rationale for preserving a 1600's themed lifestyle?
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This is honor/respect for the people who came here when their people found their "promise land"
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What was significant about the French and Indian War? What happened to North America as a result?
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It was the first war that France started and almost won; it was also one of the first kinds of world wars (everyone gained up on Britain out of anger)
Americans learned Indian fighting tactics Not long after the War the American Revolution began |
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What were the colonials of the 1760s asking from the King in respects to their colonial legislatures?
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To be left alone with the seven points
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How did the French attempt to control the Ohio Country on the eve of the French and Indian War? And the British?
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They set up many forts and had their soldiers there
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What were some of the positive outcomes for the Colonials after the French and Indian War?
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They felt proud and a sense of unity
American Revolution was egged on even more because of this |
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What happened to the French as a result of their loss in the 7 Years War?
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Became very angry and felt robbed, will end up helping the Americans in the revolution against Britain
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What sorts of feelings did the American colonials have as a result of their participation in the 7 Years War?
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A sense of unity and pride
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Generally speaking, why did Britain change their stance/attitudes towards the North American colonials in 1763?
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They were completely broke and decided that the colonies should pay some taxes since they have never paid any before
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What did the Proclamation Line of 1763 do to the American population?
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Colonies expand and get 4 or 5 x more land than before the war, allows more immigrants to come in
French is kicked out of the new world completely |
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Characterize William Pitt's actions in England during the 7 Years War
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1) Left gifts of money to other countries
2) increased naval funding by 10% 3) orders unconventional british and american invasion in Quebec and montreal Unconventional |
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Explain the following statement: "The colonials were more upset with the way their taxation was administered rather than the amount taken"
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The colonials were not upset about the taxes or even the principle (they were already taxing each other) they were mad that they were not asked nor did they have a say in whether or not they would pay taxes
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With the British "fire sale" on the Ohio territory held during the 1750s what two things were they trying to accomplish?
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1) flood the Ohio river valley
2) send innocent people into battlefield so they didn't have to "waste time or money" by sending their best army over to fight even though they would have won in a weekend |
