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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did the colonists call the Coercive Acts?
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"Intolerable Acts"
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First Coervice Act
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Boston Port Act- shut down Boston Harbor completely
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What were some of the Coercive Acts?
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forbade town meetings in Massachusetts, abolished Massachusetts assembly
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Who became the new governor of Massachusetts Bay after/during the Coercive Acts?
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General Thomas Gaige;
also assumed control of military forces |
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Suffolk Resolves- 1774
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Set of declarations declaring Coercive Acts "null and void";
Suffolk County, Mass. |
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Patrick Henry
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Virginia's governor;
agreed with Articles of Confederatio and refused to endorse the proposal to replace the Articles of Confederation |
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Who coined the term "give me liberty or give me death"?
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Patrick Henry
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Battle of Bunker Hill
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British vs. Americans;
moral victory for the Americans |
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Who wrote "Common Sense"?
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Thomas Paine
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What did "Common Sense" say? the point of it...
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Paine argud that it was foolish for Americans to risk everything for the purpose of winning British approval
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Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
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Thomas Jefferson
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What group wrote the Articles of Confederation?
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Continental Congress
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What was the basic idea of the Articles of Confederation?
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established the U.S.as a confederation of sovereign states; served as the U.S.'s first constitution
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Robert Morris
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Along with John Dickinson, agreed to absent themselves so that the delegation could be broken and the U.S. could be independent
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Shay's Rebellion-1786
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Daniel Shays led 2,000 armed men toward the state arsenal in Springfield;
deanded that their property taxes be reduced |
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Mount Vernon Meeting -1785
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small group of Marylanders and Virginians gathered at Mt. Vernon to discuss the conflicting claims of Maryland's and VA's fishermen in the Chesapeake Bay;
proposed meeting for the following year |
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Federalists
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proposed to replace a genuinely federated government with a more centralized one.
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Abigail Adams
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wrote a letter to her husband, John Adams, (he was writing Articles of Confederation) and asked him to give women more power.
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When did the Constitutional Convention begin?
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1787
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The Constitutional Convention
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Agreed that Articles of Confederation could not be revised; wanted to create a government from scratch
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James Madison
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A Federalist; wrote te "Federalist Papers" along with Hamilton and John Jay.
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Roger Sherman
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one of the 55 delegates for the Constitution; Connecticut Compromise
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Farewell Address
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Washington made his retirement official;
September 1796 |
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French Revolution
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1789; started as a demand for liberty to the ideals of social equality; "fraternity" turned into ensuring that no one disagreed with the national brotherhood's guardians.
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Jay's Treaty
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Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to appeal the British for a settlement; made British even angrier; beginning of 2 political parties
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John Adams
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2nd President; Federalist; "His Rotundity"; not a good president: spent most of the time at his home, retained Washington's cabinet intact
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Charles Tallyrand
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during war scare with France; sent word thru 3 aides, "X,Y, and Z." (Pinckney, Marshall, Gerry) ; if they gave him $250,000 and agreed in advance of negotiations to lend France $12 million.
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Who are 3 people who were involved in X, Y, and Z?
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Pinckney, Marshall, and Gerry
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"quasi-war"
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undeclared war with France because of XYZ Affair
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Olive Branch Petition
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1775; drafted by John Dickinson and adopted by the 2nd Continental Congress and submitted to King George; attempt to assert the rights of the colonists while maintaining their loyalty to the British crown; King George refused to read it.
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Treaty of Alliance (1778)
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created a military alliance between U.S. and France against Great Britain.
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Peace of Paris (1783)
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Set of treaties that ended the American Revolutionary War; representatives from Great Britain and the U.S. signed the treaties in Paris
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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law passed by Congress for sales of land in the Northwest Territory; selling mile-square pieces of land
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Northwest Ordinance (1787)
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adopted by the Confederation Congress; established a gov't for the Northwest Territory, outlined the process for admitting a new state to the union, and guaranteed that new states would be equal to the original 13.
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Federalist Papers
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letters to New York newspapers designed to convince the people to ratify the Constitution; written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.
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Which 2 people were in a duel with each other? Who was killed?
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Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr; Hamilton was killed
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Alexander Hamilton
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First Secretary of Treasury; leader of the new Federalist party; conflict with Thomas Jefferson
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John Adams
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Second president of the United States, serving one term. He was also vice-president for two terms under George Washington. Adams was a leader of the American Revolution (along with his cousin Samuel) and of the new Federalist Party, along with Alexander Hamilton. His politics brought him into conflict with his vice-president, Thomas Jefferson, who was a leader of the new Democratic-Republican Party. Adams's presidency was filled with foreign difficulties, including the XYZ Affair, which almost led to war with France. His son, John Quincy Adams, also served as president
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Thomas Jefferson
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3rd president; VP under John Adams; leader of Democratic-Republican party; made the Louisiana Purchase; sent Lewis and Clark;
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New Jersey Plan
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counterproposal to the VA plan; by William Paterson; every state gets same representation, regardless of size and population
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William Paterson
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made the New Jersey Plan
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Virginia Plan
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drafted by James Madison; proposed a small central gov't with three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.
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James Madison
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4th pres; wrote Federalist papers; leader of Democratic-Republican party; drafted VA plan;
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Connecticut Compromise
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arose from VA plan and NJ plan; gave states (large and small) equal representation in the Senate and the House of Reps; made b Roger Sherman
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3/5 Compromise
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agreement between Northern and Southern states; 3/5 of slave population would be counted for taxation and representation
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George Washington
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fought for British in the French and Indian War; commanding officer of U.S. army in American Revolution; pres of Constitutional Convention; invented the cabinet in gov't
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Bill of Rights
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stronly supported by James Madison; protect individual rights against gov't intrusion
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Judicial review
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came about by Madison vs. Marbury; established the right of the Judicial Branch to declare a law unconstitutional
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Bill of Attainder
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allows a guilty party to be punished without a trial
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Ex Post Facto Law
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a law adopted after an act is committed, making it illegal, even though it was legal when done; prohibited by the U.S. Constitution; if Congress makes a new law, those punishments do not apply to crimes committed before the new law was adopted
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Who has the power to veto?
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the president
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Judiciary Act of 1789
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created Judicial Branch of gov't; declared: 6 members of Supreme Court, 13 lower district courts, Supreme Court can settle disputes between states, and decision by Supreme Court is final!!
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Virginia Declaration of Rights
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drawn upon by Thomas Jefferson for opening paragraphs of DOI; copied by other colonies and became the basis for the Bill of Rights
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Newburgh Conspiracy (1783)
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officers of Continental Army and men of the Army had not received pay for many years; they had been offered a lifetime pension of half pay, but Congress gave them 5 years of full pay
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John Jay
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helped to organize U.S. Foreign Policy; secured favorable peace with Great Britain w/ Jay's Treaty; helped write the Federalist papers
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George Mason
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delegate to U.S. Constitutional Convenion from Virginia; "Father of the Bill of Rights"; drafted VA Declaration of Rights
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Federalist Party
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1790s-1816; called for national bank, tariffs, and good relations with Great Britain
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National Bank
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Federalists believed it was necessary to pay the national debt
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Whiskey Rebellion
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people in Western Pennsylvania used a lot of whiskey; Congress put a tax on it; people refused to pay the tax and assaulted federal tax collectors in 1794; Washington sent national militia to put an end to it
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Wilderness Road
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Road into Kentucky and Ohio Valleys carved out by Daniel Boone and 30 others in 1775; main area:Cumberland Gap
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Election of 1796
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John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson; Adams wins!!
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X,Y,Z Affair
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French were attacking American ships; Pres Adams sent 3 diplomats (Pickney, Marshall, Gerry); Americans referred to French representatives as XYZ; French asked for a bribe and millions of $s; Americans said no
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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4 bills passed by Congress and signed by John Adams; intended to create a 1-party "democracy"; helped protect America from hostile nations
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Acts of "Alien and Sedition Acts"
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1. The Naturalization Act
2. Alien Friends Act 3. Alien Enemies Act |
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The Naturalization Act
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Alien had to reside in the USA for 14 years before becoming a citizen
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Alien Friends Act
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authorized the President to deport any alien deemed dangerous to the peace and safety of the U.S.
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Alien Enemies Act
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allowed the President to deport any citizen of any country at war with the U.S.
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The Naturalization and Alien Acts of 1798 were aimed mostly at....
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Irish immigrants and French refugees critical of Adams' administration
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Sedition Act
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made it a crime to publish "false, scandalous, and malicious writing" against the gov't
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True or False: The Alien and Sedition Acts were repealed.
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TRUE!!
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Luther Baldwin
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made a bad comment about John Adams, breaking the Sedition Act; was fined and put in federal jail
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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
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passed in opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts; stated that it was the right of the states and not the federal gov't to decide the constitutionality of the acts
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Compact Theory
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supported by Jefferson and Madison; said that individual states were the final judge of the national government's actions; basis for KY and VA Resolutions
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Revolution of 1800
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again, John Adams vs. Jefferson; Jefferson won and became 3rd pres of US
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Jeffersonian-Republicans
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aka Democratic Republicans; founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1792; opposed to Federalist party; lasted until 1828
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Midnight Judges
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42 Federalist justices appointed by Adams just before Jefferson was elected; served an important role in Marbury vs. Madison
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Marbury vs. Madison
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Marbury was one of Adams' "midnight judges"; new admin did not deliver his commission; Marbury sued Madison (Jefferson's Secretary of State); Marbury did not get commission
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Significance of Marbury vs. Madison
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1st decision by Supreme Court to void an act passed by Congress because it violated the Constitution ; established judicial review
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Louisiana Purchase
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Jefferson bought the Lousiana Territory from France in 1803; $15 million;
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Essex Junto
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group of New England merchants and lawyers; opposed the radicals in Mass.; supported Hamilton
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Thomas Pickering
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member of Essex Junto
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