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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is significant about the Bering Straight? |
Land/ice bridge that once connected the American and European/Asian continent, allowing for travel before the end of the last ice age. |
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What occurs as a result of food surpluses? |
Populations are able to grow, multiply, and become stable |
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What makes the Hohokam culture significant? |
- first successful farmers - irrigation technology like no other - cliff dwellers |
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The Anasazi are known for what? |
- working with turquoise - lived in pueblos - had a knack for star-gazing and astronomy |
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What sets Adena and Hopewell cultures apart |
Both built mounds for unknown reasons |
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What sites belong to which cultures? |
Hopewell: Mounds State Park Fort Ancient: Serpent Mound |
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What is significant about Mississippian culture |
- perhaps the largest culture in North America -had small city living communities -had flat-top mounds -mysteriously disappeared |
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Why is Cahokia important? |
- largest city-state north of Mexico near St. Louis |
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Why is Amerigo Vespucci important? |
-Italian explorer who sailed for Spain - German mapmaker made first coherent map of America from Amerigo's diary collections. Named America after him mistakenly. |
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What was Ponce De Leon looking for |
Fountain of Youth in Florida |
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Why is Hernando de Soto significant? |
- explored SE America -discovered end remnants of Miss. Culture - killed by natives in Louisiana |
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What was Francisco Vasquez de Coronado seeking? |
explored SW America looking for gold and silver |
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What was the Colombian Exchange |
A diverse and widespread exchange of animals, plants human, populations, ideas, diseases, etc. between the America's Europe and Africa.
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What was John Cabot looking for? |
- explored Newfoundland -sailed for England looking for NW Passage -God, Gold, Glory for England and himself -Missionaries sailed with |
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Why did French Calvinists (Huguenots) flee Europe |
To escape religious persecution from crown and church |
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How did the Spanish view French Calvinists? |
As enemies and spies |
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Why is Pedro Menendez important? |
- Was sent to destroy French Settlements - Took over Fort Caroline and made a better Fort Augustine |
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Why is Gaspar de Portola important? |
- built a presidio in California -explored Northern California -laid groundwork later exploration |
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Who was Jacques Cartier and why is he important |
- Explored St. Lawrence River Valley - Becomes entry point for French to settle and make permanent trade posts |
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Who was Samuel de Champlain |
-Found and established Quebec -explored St. Lawrence R.V. -Got involved in Iroquois and Algonquian war. forever making the Iroquois a French enemy |
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Who were the Jesuits? |
- Messengers of Christ - Born at end of Protestant Reformation - Way of established Catholicism in N.W. -Tried converting Natives |
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What did the French discover that made them profit greatly? |
Beaver Pelts |
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Who were the Couriers de Bois |
Single French men who went a traded with and established relations with Natives all over -Married Indian women to harvest good relations |
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Why was Henry Hudson important? |
-Explores North Eastern part of U.S. -discovers Hudson River and Bay |
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What was the Dutch West India Company |
First world trade economy |
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What attracted Dutch to the New World |
- Wanting a quick profit, found other ventures -did discover New Albany area and Wall Street |
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What were patroons |
Head of a company, Dutch landowners |
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What were the Beaver Wars |
Indian wars over the need for pelts. Europeans demanded too much trade and Natives ran out of resources, took over other lands to make money -Iroquois and OH R.V. tribes |
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Why is Sir Walter Raleigh important? |
-launched expedition to settle North America for England -North Carolina area -Led the Roanoke exp. |
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What sets the 2 Roanoke exp. apart? |
The second exp. involved more families |
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What did John White find when he returned |
Nobody left at Roanoke |
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Why is Jamestown (1607) significant? |
-established by the Virginia Company, the first private investor joint-stock funded colony -dramatically high mortality rate, due to Native attacks and salt poisoning |
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Why is John Smith important? |
- brought harsh and strict discipline to Jamestown, which it needed badly -established good relations with the Natives, temporarily |
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Who was Powhatan |
- Chief of Powhatan tribe -led the first Anglo-indian war -tried est. peace with settlers -father of Pocahontas |
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Who are Pocahontas and John Rolfe |
Indian princess and English man who married and ended the Anglo-Indian war. John Rolfe brought the profitable tobacco to Virginia and turned the economy around |
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How is tobacco important around this time (early 17th century) |
- changes the economy drastically for the better -brought to Virginia by John Rolfe -becomes an incentive for more immigration |
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Why was the House of Burgesses important? |
-established a militant way of rule but with some-what equal rights. Established a control while still giving some level of personal freedom |
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Why is Opechancanough's attack on Jamestown important? |
-wiped out 1/4 of population -starved another 1/4 -took the colony out of joint-stock hands and went back to being owned by the crown |
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Why was Maryland established by Cecilius Calvert? |
to form a safe haven for Catholics who are being persecuted during this time (Protestant Reformation) |
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What is the Act of Toleration |
Religious freedom for all in Maryland. Still not a true democracy but we're getting there |
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What was an indentured servant? |
- person whose travel to New World if paid for in trade-off for their work (usually seven years) -replaced slavery because it was like slavery, but later could contribute the population and economy if they even survived |
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Who are the Pilgrims |
separatists |
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What was the Mayflower Compact |
First attempt at government in new world. Written for two weeks on the ship |
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Who were Squanto and Somaset |
Two Natives who are captured and travel a little of Europe. Come back to find no tribe left, help the settlers survive in Plymouth |
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Who are the Puritans |
Protestant separatists (extremists) who wanted to purify the Catholic Church. Fled from persecution, went to Denmark first but didn't like the Dutch influence |
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Massachusetts Bay Colony |
one of the first English settlements led by John Winthrop for escaping Puritans. "City Upon a Hill" |
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Who was John Winthrop |
Believed God wanted him to lead the Puritans Led for 10 years |
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What was the Great Migration? |
A large movement of English settlers (mostly Puritans) towards the south to grow sugar cane |
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Why was Harvard est.? |
Originally a college for Puritan ministers |
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Who is Roger Williams |
-Puritan extremists -Find Rhode Island after leaving -Starts the Baptist belief |
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Why did the Puritans wage war on the Pequots? |
An unmoral attempt to branch out in territory |
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Mercantilism |
- an economic system meant to increase monetary power with government regulation, balance out trade (import, export), and agriculture, create manufacturing, and establish foreign trading monopolies
- Used hard money made up of gold and silver - Eventually monopolies become a problem, due to there only being so much currency in the system |
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Why were the Navigation Acts est.? |
- England can profit more off of her colonies by setting trade regulations -Outlawed trade with the Dutch, making England the middle man |
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What was the triangular trade |
-complex trade of goods, people, raw materials, ideas, etc between Africa, Europe, and the Americas |
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William Penn |
- Receives land grant from King so that he can find a place for Quakers to worship without persecution.
- Sailed down the Delaware River - Founder of Pennsylvania - Allows for major religious freedom and sells the land fairly to Natives, also has a knack for advertisement and gets a lot of people to come settle into the new colony/state - Best example of a true American colony |
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Why is Pennsylvania unique? |
- Allows for major religious freedom -Attractive climate all around -Road to freedom begins here |
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What was the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (1669)?
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- a piece of writing by John Locke that started the development of his ideas for representative government. Does not pass but comes in use later on.
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What was Bacon’s [Nathaniel] Rebellion (1675 – 1676) and why is it significant?
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- An armed settler rebellion attack against the Governor (William Berkeley) in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon
- Original and immediate reason for this rebellion was William Berkeley's refusal to attack neighboring Natives for attacking settlers. May have also been a power move by bacon - Bacon went out and killed all Indians without mercy and demanded the support of Berkeley who originally agreed , then later backed out - Berkeley is removed from office as a result of losing control |
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Who was William Berkeley?
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- Governor of Virginia during Bacon's Rebellion
- One of the first to see the economic gains one can make by linking the area south of Virginia to the southern islands - Held office longer than any other colonial governor. - Encouraged trade between settlers and Natives. - Encouraged economic ventures in the south |
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What was the Half-Way Covenant (1662)?
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- a set of terms for church membership and participation that was adopted by a group of minsters in 1662
- Full church membership went to those who could prove a conversion experience - Offspring could be half-way members of the chruch, receiving its discipline and having their children baptized - Actually aggravated tensions always in the Puritan religion |
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What are praying towns?
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- Towns and settlements developed by the Puritans to try and convert Natives to Christianity. Indians in these towns are called praying Indians.
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What was King Philip’s [Metacom] War (1675 – 1676) and why is it significant?
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- regions deadliest Indian war.
- Underlying cause was the steady encroachment of English settlers on Native lands - In the 1660's the English claim ownership over the land (RI, MASS, and Plymouth), land occupied by the Wampanoag Indians. Metacom (King Philip to the settlers) prepared for war - One of the highest causality rate in American war ever |
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How were the Mohawks threatened?
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- Settlers tried moving into their land near New York and were increasingly made involved in King Philip's War
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What was the Covenant Chain (1676) and what does it do?
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- enhanced the positions of both New York and the Iroquois
- Makes Iroquois the middle men between other tribes and New Albany - Were allowed to push as far north against french as they could - New Albany becomes center of the trading world in the colonies |
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Who was Robert de La Salle and why is he important?
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- explored the Great Lakes Region, Gulf of Mexico, and Mississippi River, and Canada for France
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What was the Dominion of New England (1686) and why is it significant? -
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- James 2 ascends the throne, decieds to punish New England for their disloyalty to the crown during the Puritan Revolution
- Also because of reports of smuggling - Began to revoke charters of the colonies - By 1688 Mass, Plymouth, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, under the governor Edmund Andros. James failed due to revolt, and this signifies a turning point in the colonies as a last significant period of political instability before the American Revolution |
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What political changes occurred in America as a result of the Glorious Revolution?What political changes occurred in America as a result of the Glorious Revolution?
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- Colonies looked at the revolution as a model of constitutional government - Helped further shape the even more radical John Locke and his ideas on government
- Two treatises of Government (Universal human equality and universal rights and provided the political theories that would justify a revolution - Once news of revolution reached the colonies, everyone revolted and threw the dreaded Andros in jail - Colonies soon lobbied for their charters back and claimed loyalty to the new king. |
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What was the Grand Settlement (1701)?
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- separate peace treaties negotiated by the Iroquois at Montreal and Albany- Marks the beginning of Iroquois neutrality in conflicts between France and Britain in North America
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Why is Queen Anne’s War (1702 – 1713) significant? |
- In Europe called the War of Spanish Succession- Britain acquires Nova Scotia |
