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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do archaeologists depend on for their evidence?
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physical objects
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What do historians rely on for their evidence?
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written records
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What does the use of writing distinguish?
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The chronological periods and people
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What does archaeology tell us that historians cant?
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The lives of humans who inhabited the world BEFORE writing
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What isolated the Western Hemisphere from the rest of the continents?
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the process of the continental drift
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When did humans first appear in Africa?
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2 million years ago.. about 400,000 BP
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All humans in the world today are descendants of who?
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The Ancient africans
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What two developments allowed small bands of hunters to migrate to the western hempisphere?
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Human adaptability to the frigid environment and changes in the earth's climate
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What helped reconnect North America and Asia?
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The changes in the earth's climate
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Around what time did humans spread from Africa to Europe and Asia?
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25,000 BP
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What land bridge allowed humans to travel to the Western Hemisphere?
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Beringia
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Beringia was:
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the land bridge that connected Siberia and Alaska
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The Paleo-Indians were:
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the first migrants and their descendants who originated in Asia
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Where did the first migrants come from?
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Asia
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What did the Paleo-Indians use to hunt mammoths?
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Clovis Points
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What did the hunting of Mammoths lead to?
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Abundant food and material for clothing and shelter.... which led to rapid population growth and expansion
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What caused the rendering of large animals for the Paleo-Indians in 11,000 BP?
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Climatic changes and human intervention
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How did the Paleo-Indians adapt to the extinction of large animals?
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relied on small animals and foraging
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What animal was concentrated on after the mammoths became extinct?
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Bison-- used trapping techniques
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When did Bows and Arrows become of use to kill food?
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500 AD.
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What did the Archaic people in the Great Basin rely on for food?
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Plants
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What culture had a rich environment and used a hunter-gatherer way of life?
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Pacific Coast Cultures (California etc)
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Where was the Eastern Woodland Culture and what did it rely on?
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It was east of the Mississippi Rivr and adapted to forest environment: deer, plants, seeds and nuts
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What did woodland cultures add to their life in 4000 BP?
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agriculture and pottery
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What did Southwestern cultures rely on to live?
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Agriculture and Pueblos... Corn
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Drought in the south made the cultures:
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abandon their large pueblos in AD 1200
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Who originally made burial mounds?
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Woodland Cultures
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Were most people cremated or buried?
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Burial-- important people, cremated-- normal people
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What year did the Native Americans live throughout North America?
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1490's
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What did most Native Americans depend on in the 1490's?
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Hunting and gathering... beginning to practice agriculture
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How did the Native Americans alter the natural environment?
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Built permanent structures, developed agricultural techniques, set fires to encourage growth of plants that attracted animals
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Where did 80 million people of the W. Hemisphere live when Columbus arrived?
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Mexico, Central and South America
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What was the most prominent culture of the western Hemisphere?
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Mexica, but was called Aztec by the Europeans
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What did the Aztec empire function as?
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a military and political system
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Spanish Intruders conquered :
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Mexica (aztecs) after 1492
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What did the demand of corn in South Western culture encourage?
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restriction of their migratory habits in order to tend crop
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WHat culture was the first culture in North american to rely on agriculture and build permanent settlements?
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Southwestern Culture
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