History 2

Front 1

Radical Republicans

Back 1

A shifting group of republican congressmen, usually a substantial minority, who favored the abolition of slavery from the beginning of the Civil War and later advocated harsh treatment of the defeated South.

Front 2

Special Field Order 15

Back 2

Order by General William T. Sherman in January 1865 to set aside abandoned land along the southern Atlantic coast for 40 acres grants to freedmen; rescinded by President Andrew Johnson later that year.

Front 3

War Democrats

Back 3

Those from the North and the border States who broke with the Democratic Party and supported Abraham Lincoln's military policies during the Civil War.

Front 4

Black Codes

Back 4

Laws passed by States and municipalities denying many rights of citizenship to free black people.

Front 5

Civil Rights Bill

Back 5

The 1866 act that gave full citizenship to African Americans.

Front 6

Freedman's Bureau

Back 6

Agency established by Congress in March 1865 to provide social, educational, and economic services, advice, and protection to former slaves and destitute whites; lasted 7 years.

Front 7

First Reconstruction Act

Back 7

1877 act that divided the South into 5 military districts subject to martial law.

Front 8

Tenure of Office Act

Back 8

Act stipulating that any officeholder appointed by the president with the Senate's advice and consent could not be removed until the Senate had approved a successor.

Front 9

Congressional Reconstruction

Back 9

Name given to the period 1867-1870 when the Republican-dominated Congress controlled Reconstruction-era policy.

Front 10

Ku Klux Klan

Back 10

Perhaps the most prominent of the vigilante group that terrorized black people in the South during Reconstruction era, founded by the Confederate veterans in 1866.

Front 11

Fifteenth Amendment

Back 11

Passed by Congress in 1869, guaranteed the right of American men to vote, regardless of race.

Front 12

Sharecropping

Back 12

Labor system that evolved during and after Reconstruction whereby landowners furnished laborers with a house, farm animals, and tools and advanced credit in exchange for a share of the laborers' crop.

Front 13

Union League

Back 13

Republican party organizations in Northern cities that became an important organizing device among freedmen in Southern cities after 1865.

Front 14

Carpetbaggers

Back 14

Northern transplants to the South, many of whom were Union soldiers who stayed in the South after the war.

Front 15

Scalawags

Back 15

Southern whites, mainly small landowning farmers and well-off merchants and planters, who supported the Southern Republican party during Reconstruction.

Front 16

Slaughterhouse Cases

Back 16

Group of cases resulting in one sweeping decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1873 that contradicted the intent of the 14th Amendment by decreeing that most citizenship rights remained under state, not federal, control.

Front 17

Liberal Republicans

Back 17

Disaffected Republicans who emphasized the doctrines of classical economics.

Front 18

Compromise of 1877

Back 18

The congressional settling of the 1876 election which installed Republican Rutherford B. Hayes in the White House and gave Democrats control of all state governments in the South.