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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Experimental Analysis of Behavior |
Skinner's approach was characterized by empirical observation of measurable behavior which could be predicted andcontrolled. It owed its early success to the effectiveness of Skinner'sprocedures of operant conditioning, both in the laboratory and in behavior therapy—whatis now called applied behavior analysis |
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Field Theory |
Lewin,how energy distributes itself within the physical system. Energy will alwaysdistribute itself in the simplest and most symmetrical way possible under thecircumstances. Behavior=functionof ENV and person |
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Frustration Aggression Hypothesis |
*Dollard, why people scapegoat Theory says that frustrationcauses aggression, but when the source of the frustration cannot be challenged,the aggression gets displaced onto an innocent target |
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Functionalism |
Under the influence ofDarwin, the school of functionalism stressed the role of consciousness andbehavior in adapting to the environment (applied and practical) |
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Gestalt Psychology |
Studies whole intact segments of behaviorand cognitive experience, criticalof behaviorism and structuralism Influence on humanistic psych, social psychand in the history of cognitive psych Against Wundt and behavior |
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Harvard |
Hall given first PhD inPsych Munsterberg - professor & director of psych lab Psych clinicfounded by Prince Psych becomes separate dept under Boring, dividesinto 2 dept (Exp and social relations), depts merged, andfinally just Psych in 1986 |
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Humanistic Psych |
Assumes thathumans are basically good; negative ENV factors do not stifle humandevelopment; concerned with examining the more positive aspects of human nature,“third force”, Proactivity(acting upon world, mind is rational) not reactivity, intentionality andfreedom of will, normalcy and actualization of self |
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Imitation (Modeling) |
Social learning theory -- Modeling: Bandura - Bobo Doll experiment, research-selfefficacy research, aggression research |
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Information Processing |
Approach to studying cognition that follow tradition of facultypsychology and methodological behaviorism and typically employs the computer asthe model for human info processing |
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Little Albert |
Watson’s little boy in theexperiment with the white rat (operant conditioning-emotions could be displacedto stimuli other than those that had originally elicited the emotions) Raynoralso involved in experiment |
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Little Peter |
Study of unconditioning afear of rabbits, treated Peter’s fear of a white rabbit by pleasant stimulus(food) was associated with the rabbit-became more tolerant of it |
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Logo Therapy |
find meaning in everything you do in anuncomplaining way |
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Magic Number Seven |
7+ or – 2 (GeorgeMiller-cog psych) People can only retain about 7 meaningful units ofexperience (chunks) such as #s, words, short sentences, limited capacity forinfo processing |
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Operant Conditioning |
rewards and punishmentshape behavior |
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Person-Centered Therapy |
Rogers, unconditionalpositive regard |
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Productive Thinking |
Wertheimer, the type ofthinking that ponders principles rather than isolated facts Aims atunderstanding the solutions to problems rather than memorizing a certainproblem-solving strategy or logical rules |
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"Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It" |
book written by Watson Learning within rats is the same in people (without introspection), objectivenatural science *prediction and control of behavior |
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Radical Behaviorism |
claims only directlyobservable events such as stimuli and responses should constitute the subjectmatter of psychology, pure empiricism (Bacon) |
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Self-actualization |
Rogers and Maslow Innatetendency toward wholeness, person is open to experience and embraces highervalues of human existence |
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Social Learning Theory |
Bringing together stimulus, response, and organism Humans are motivated to learn a particularbehavior--particular behavior would be learned through clear observations. Byimitating these observed actions the individual observer would solidify thatlearned action and would be rewarded with positive reinforcement |
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Structuralism |
The school of psychologyfounded by Titchener, the goal of which was to describe the structure of themind. (wundt, titchener, boring,Leipzig, cornell) |
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Vail Conference |
1973, the professionalmodel and PsyD endorsed here |
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Verbal Behavior |
Skinners book - analyzes human behavior, encompassingwhat is traditionally called language, linguistics, or speech. Verbalbehavior is simply behavior subject to the same controlling variables as anyother operant behavior Is mediated by otherpeople, and that which is mediated by the natural world |
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Walden II |
Utopian novel written bybehavioral psychologist B. F. Skinner, first published in 1948. In its time, itcould have been considered to be science fiction, as the methods employed toalter people's behavior did not yet exist |
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Wurzburg School |
Founded in 1896. Shift from behavior to cog 1. Increasing inadequacy of traditional learning theories toexplain human behavior 2. Development of computer which served asmetaphor for cognition, and research tool (*info processing system) 3. developmentof new strategies for studying mental processes that didn’t require pureintrospection 4. researchadvances in neuroanatomy and biochem 5.practical difficulties in applying behaviorst treatment strategies when workingwith normal adults |
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ClinicalRx/Experimental Psych Merge |
Dollard & N. Miller- Helped to merge clinical and experimentalresearch traditions; Early Social Learning- Importantto view human behavior in terms of cognitions, behavior, and impact ofenvironment; Ideas combined psychoanalysis and behaviorismand included culture and eventually thinking; Neurotic/psychotic behavior as a result ofdeprivation of some need |
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Clinical Rx/Experimental Psych Merge |
Hull- Behaviorism and clinical tradition; Increased objectivity in testing- Inventeda machine that could automatically compute intercorrelations among test scores; Creation of machines that could learn and think; Drive-reductiontheory – biological need that creates a drive in the organism which makesbehavior occur |
