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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 pillars of islam
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practiced by sunni muslims. they are: the shahada (creed), (2) daily prayers (salat), (3) fasting during Ramadan (sawm), (4) almsgiving (zakāt), and (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) at least once in a lifetime.
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ahimsa
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is a term meaning to do no harm
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al-andalus
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a nation and territorial region also commonly referred to as Moorish Iberia, governed by Muslims. Rule under these kingdoms saw the rise in cultural exchange and cooperation between Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
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arius
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Christian Libyan preacher in Egypt. "Arian." Target of First Council of Nicea.
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asceticism
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describes a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various sorts of worldly pleasures often with the aim of pursuing religious and spiritual goals.
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athanasius
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had a leading role against the Arians in the First Council of Nicaea
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buddhism
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Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Karma (from Sanskrit: "action, work") in Buddhism is the force that drives saṃsāra—the cycle of suffering and rebirth for each being.
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byzantine empire
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medieval roman empire, centered on the capital of Constantinople, more Greek culture, Christian, spoke Greek. Existed for more than a thousand years. Conquered by Ottomans
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caesaropapism
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the idea of combining the power of secular government with, or making it superior to, the spiritual authority of the Church; especially concerning the connection of the Church with government (subordination of priests to secular gov). Emperor also head of church
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caliph
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is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah.
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Theravada
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"ancient teaching," more conservative, Simply learning or believing in the true nature of reality as expounded by the Buddha is not enough, the awakening can only be achieved through direct experience and personal realization.
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mahayana
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"the great vehicle" refers to the path of seeking complete enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings
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4 noble truths
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"The noble truth that is suffering"
"The noble truth that is the arising of suffering" "The noble truth that is the end of suffering" "The noble truth that is the way leading to the end of suffering" |
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Theravada
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"ancient teaching," more conservative, Simply learning or believing in the true nature of reality as expounded by the Buddha is not enough, the awakening can only be achieved through direct experience and personal realization.
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mahayana
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"the great vehicle" refers to the path of seeking complete enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings
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4 noble truths
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"The noble truth that is suffering"
"The noble truth that is the arising of suffering" "The noble truth that is the end of suffering" "The noble truth that is the way leading to the end of suffering" |
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Constantine I
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Constantine the Great, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337, the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, issued the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimed religious tolerance of all religions throughout the empire, the founder of the Eastern Roman Empire.
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Conversion (Motivations)
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trickle-down, current religion doesn't reflect reality, legal or social force, process
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Dar-al-Islam
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those countries where Muslims can practice their religion freely.
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Dharma
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means Law, ne's personal obligations, calling and duties, affecting by caste, gender, age, etc
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eight-fold path
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aka middle path, way to enlightenment or end of suffering,
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fotudeng
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buddhist monk responsible for spreading buddhism in china
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4 noble truths
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Suffering does exist
Suffering arises from attachment to desires Suffering ceases when attachment to desire ceases Freedom from suffering is possible by practicing the eightfold path. |
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four sights
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an old man, a sick man, a corpse and an ascetic. These observations affected him deeply and made him realize the sufferings of all beings, and compelled him to begin his spiritual journey which led into his enlightenment.
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gnostics
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They saw the material world as created through an intermediary being (demiurge) rather than directly by God.
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gregory the wonderworker
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tried to appeal to pagans through entertainment
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hadiths
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a saying, act or tacit approval either validly or invalidly ascribed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. formally collected
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henotheism
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is the belief and worship of a single god while accepting the existence or possible existence of other deities.
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ibn battuta
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a Moroccan Berber Islamic traveller known for his fascinating travels
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jainism
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describes a path of non-violence towards all living beings, literacy, libraries
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jati
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s the term used to denote clans, tribes, communities and sub-communities in India. It is a term used across religions.
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lotus sutra
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mahayana aphorism
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nicene creed
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official creed of christian doctrine
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marcion
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His theology, which rejected the deity described in the Jewish Scriptures as inferior or subjugated to the God proclaimed in the Christian gospel, was denounced by the Church Fathers and he was excommunicated. His rejection of many books contemporarily considered Scripture in the catholic part of the church prompted this church to develop a Catholic canon of Scriptures.
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mecca
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in saudi arabia.
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moksha
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is the liberation from samsara and the concomitant suffering involved in being subject to the cycle of repeated death and reincarnation.
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pali canon
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The Pāli Canon is the standard collection of scriptures in the Theravada Buddhist tradition, as preserved in the Pāli language.[1] It is the only completely surviving early Buddhist canon, and one of the first to be written dow
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Samsara
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literally meaning "continuous flow", is the cycle of birth, life, death, rebirth or reincarnation
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Sangha
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is a word in Pali or Sanskrit that can be translated roughly as "association" or "assembly," "company" or "community" with common goal, vision or purpose.
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septuagint
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is an Ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible
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Shia
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2nd largest, hias believe that these Quranic verses make it clear that only Allah chooses a viceregent on Earth, therefore no one else has a choice in the matter., no election
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thales
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first philosopher, water as basic element, rejected mythological
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democritus
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believed atoms were basic element
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Syncretism
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may involve the merger and analogising of several originally discrete traditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to other faiths.
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Umma
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ancient city in Sumer.
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vedas
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texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism
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Brahmins - Head
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priests
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Kshatriyas - Arms
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rulers and warriors
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Vaisyas - Body
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workers, artisans, merchants
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Sudras – Feet & Legs
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peasants
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Dalits – Untouchables
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no varna
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Vardhamana Mahavira
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founder of janism
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Upanishads
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early hindu text
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5 vows of janism
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Non-violence (Ahimsa)
Truth (Satya) Non-stealing (Asteya) Celibacy (Brahmacarya) Non-possession (Aparigraha |
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Noble Eightfold Path
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right views, right resolve (aspirations)
right speech, right conduct right livelihood, right effort right mindfulness, right concentration (rapture) |
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Chandragupta Maurya
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founder of maurya empire in india
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