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149 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
One theory about how ancient people first came to the Americas involves migration across ____________.
A land bridge between Siberia and Alaska known as the "Bering Strait"
Why did the ancient people's migrate to North America.
Nobody knows for sure.
Who is the highest ruling member of a tribe?
The Principal Chief
In 1095, __________ called Christians to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims who controlled it.
Pope Urban II
In ______, Pope Urban II called Christians to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims who controlled it.
1095
True or False: following the crusades, people's tastes for Eastern goods inspired unprecedented global trade.
True
Who was known as "Henry the Navigator"?
Price Henry of Portugal
In 1498, _________ was the first to round the Cape of Good Hope and reach India.
Vasco da Gama
In _____, Vasco da Gama was the first to round the Cape of Good Hope and reach India.
1498
Why were so many tradesmen setting sail for Asia?
Bringing gold, silver, asian spices, cotton, and silk back to Europe could make them a lot of money.
True or False: Christopher Columbus died claiming he had reached Asia during his famous voyage
True
True or False: Christopher Columbus was even more proud of his voyage after he realized he had discovered a new continent.
False. Christopher Columbus died claiming he had reached Asia during his famous voyage
Who financed Christopher Columbus' famous voyage?
Queen Isabella
What were the names of the 3 ships under Christopher Columbus' command?
Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
True or False: Christopher Columbus and his men first pulled into Watlings Island in the Bahamas.
True
True or False: Christopher Columbus and his men first pulled into what later became Jamestown, Virginia.
False. Christopher Columbus and his men first pulled into Watlings Island in the Bahamas.
The Aztecs mistook _________ for a returning God named _________.
Hernan Cortes,
Quetzacoatl
The Aztecs sent Cortes, as an offering, a huge disc made of ________.
solid gold
What was the first permanent European settlement in North America?
St. Augustine, a Spanish settlement
Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. Those of the highest rank were born in Spain and were called _________.
peninsulares
Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. Those directly beneath peninsulares were those who were born in America to Spanish parents. They were called _________.
criolles
Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. Those who had mixed Indian and Spanish blood were third-highest, and were known as __________.
mestizos
True or False: Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. The natives who adopted Spanish lifestyles were less respected than mestizos, but more respected than mulattoes.
True.
True or False: Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. The natives who adopted Spanish lifestyles were less respected than peninsulares, but more respected than criolles.
False. The pecking order was peninsulares, criolles, mestizos, natives living as Spanish, mulattoes, and African slaves at the bottom.
True or False: Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. The pecking order was peninsulares, criolles, mestizos, natives living as Spanish, mulattoes, and African slaves at the bottom.
True.
True or False: Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. The pecking order was mulattoes, peninsulares, criolles, mestizos, natives living as Spanish, and African slaves at the bottom.
False. The pecking order was peninsulares, criolles, mestizos, natives living as Spanish, mulattoes, and African slaves at the bottom.
The Aztecs called themselves the _________
Mexics
The first expedition to successfully sail around the world was led by ___________ who died in battle before the voyage was complete.
Ferdinand Magellan
What happened to the English colony Roanoke?
Nobody knows- it was abondoned.
What are the two jobs of historians?
1) Find the facts of the past
2) Interpret and explain those facts to the current generation.
True or False: the interpretation of the past changes frequently.
True. The facts don't change. The evidence rarely changes. Our interpretation of the evidence changes frequently.
Facts are discoverd through _________
evidence
The first ancients to arrive in North America are referred to as ___________
paleo-indians
The first paleo-Indian culture was the _________
Clovis culture
The Clovis culture was replaced by the __________
Folsom culture
Maize was domesticated in Mexico around ________
4000 B.C.E.
Native American diet consisted primarily of ________, _________, & ________.
maize, beans & squash
The Medieval Warm Period lasted from _______ to _______.
800 C.E. to 1300 C.E.
The _______________ lasted from 800 C.E. to 1300 C.E. It was a period of warm weather in the North Atlantic Region.
Medieval Warm Period
The _____________ lasted from 1300 C.E. to 1850 C.E. It was a period of unusually cool weather in the North Atlantic Region.
Little Ice Age
The Little Ice Age lasted from ______ to_______.
1300 C.E. to 1850 C.E.
The Norse economy around 800 C.E. was based on __________ and hunting animals, but they did not ____.
The Norse economy around 800 C.E. was based on pastoralism (raising livestock) and hunting animals, but they did not fish.
The Norse arrived at L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, under the leadership of ________
Leif Erikson
The Norse arrived at L'Anse aux Meadows, ____________, under the leadership of Leif Erikson.
Newfoundland
True or False: Thorvald Erikson was killed by Native Americans
True
True or False: Thorvald Erikson was killed by the vikings.
False. Thorvald Erikson was killed by Native Americans
The Norse eventually died or left Greenland. What were the 5 reasons they couldn't survive there?
- climate change
- environmental damage
- loss of trade with Europe
- Eurocentric identity
- hostile neighbors
After1492, _____ takes control of the Caribbean Sea.
Spain
In 1521, the Spanish conquer the Aztecs and establish "_________"
New Spain
In _____, the Spanish conquer the Aztecs and establish "New Spain"
1521
France's main interest in North America became ________
furs (mainly beaver)
True or False: The British colony of Roanoke, established in 1587, is known as "The Lost Colony"
True
True or False: The French colony of Roanoke, established in 1587, is known as "The Lost Colony"
False. Roanoke was British, not French
True or False: The British colony of Roanoke, established in 1508, is known as "The Lost Colony"
False, Roanoke was established in 1587
True or False: The British colony of Roanoke, established in 1587, is known as "New England"
False. Roanoke is known as "The Lost Colony"
When Jamestown seemed doomed, ________ stepped in and saved the settlement.
John Smith
Jamestown had help from the _________, who taught the settlers how to farm and fish.
Powhatan
True or False: John Smith probably would have been killed, but Pocahontas begged that he be spared.
True
True or False: John Smith probably would have been killed, but Squanto begged that he be spared.
False. John Smith probably would have been killed, but Pocahontas begged that he be spared.
In the seventeenth century, there were generally 4 types of colonies:
1) _________
2) _________
3) _________
4) _________
1) settlement
2) exploitation
3) hybrid
4) trading post
In the seventeenth century, the British had 3 types of colonies:
1) _________
2) _________
3) _________
1) royal colony
2) charter colony
3) proprietary colony
There have been two great revolutions in the modern era:
1)
2)
1) The American Revolution
2) The Russian Revolution
True or False: There have been two great revolutions in the modern era: the American Revolution and the French Revolution
False. There have been two great revolutions in the modern era: the American Revolution and the Russian Revolution
The American Revolution sought to make the ideals of the ____________ the basis of a governmental system
Enlightenment
What was the Enlightenment?
A philosophical movement which held that reason was the sole source for legitimacy and authority.
The Enlightenment argued for __________ law, natural rights, liberty, and _________.
The Enlightenment argued for natural law, natural rights, liberty, and deism.
The Enlightenment rejected _________ and the divine right of _________
The Enlightenment rejected theoracy and the divine right of kings
What evidence suggests the Enlightenment influenced the Founding Fathers?
The Declaration of Independence asserts natural rights, and also the Constitution implements separation of powers, and checks and balances.
The British Parliament is ___________ (i.e. no other power or institution could counteract it.)
sovereign
Parliament's power is limited by ___________ and by ___________
custom and contract
The ______________ argued that Parliament's actions were unconstitutional.
Americans
In the time period around 1775, slavery exists in every single colony.
True
Most slave owners owned only 1 or 2 slaves.
True
What was a "stamp" in colonial times?
A stamp was required for all legal documents to validate them. This included appointments to office, diplomas, newspapers, pamphlets, books, calendars, and blank paper.
Why did English lawmakers feel the Stamp Tax was justified?
To pay for the war debt, which was mostly from defending the colonies.
The ______________ emerged in New York & Boston in 1765-66 as a paramilitary organization in direct response to British troop movements.
Sons of Liberty
True or False: The Sons of Liberty began to stockpile arms and organize "minute companies"
True
The Sons of Liberty began to stockpile arms and organize _____________
minute companies
The Stamp Act Congress reiterated their loyalty to the crown
True
True or False: Admiralty courts deal with the Navy.
False. Admiralty courts deal with other types of ships
True or False. Stamp Act was repealed in 1776
True.
What did the Declaratory Act do?
The Declaratory Act attempted to "reassert" Parliament's authority.
True or False: All the Townsend Act taxes were repealled in April 1770 except a 3 pence/lb sales tax on tea
True
The significance of the Quebec Act was that colonies were pissed that the Ohio valley was given to Quebec.
True
_________________ was the first engagement of the War of Independence
Lexington and Concord
The first act of the Second Continental Congress was to ______________
assume direction of the military effort
George Washington was from __________
Virginia. As a Virginian leading the resistance in Massachusetts, the Second Continental Congress in effect "nationalized" the war.
Beginning in 1775, the Continental Congress issued negotiable bills of credit called _____________.
continentals
The American Revolution was financed mostly through borrowing from __________ & ____________.
wealthy Americans & foreign governments
True or False: Continentals were backed by gold & silver
False. Continentals were fiat currency. Many were distrustful of continentals.
____________ goes to France in March 1776 to seek aid.
Silas Deane
In 1776, ___________ sets up a front company to funnel arms and supplies to the Americans.
France
France signed a treaty of alliance with USA on ____________
Feb 6, 1778
__________ joins France against Britain
Spain
_______________ was the "hero of Saratoga"
Benedict Arnold
During his convalescence, ______________ became very bitter.
Benedict Arnold
In May, 1778, Washington appointed _____________ as military governor of Philadelphia
Benedict Arnold
The ____________ was the 1st elected legislative assembly in the New World
House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses was established in the colony of _________ in 1619
Virginia
What was so special about the House of Burgesses?
Their actions demonstrated a degree of independence that would be imitated by future legislative bodies in North America.
Was Jamestown a success or a failure?
Jamestown was a huge success.
The English colonists found no gold. Instead, they started making money off of ____________
Growing and exporting tobacco
What Englishman first realized the potential of tobacco?
John Rolfe
In 1619, a Dutch ship arrived at Jamestown and sold their cargo of __________ for food.
20 Africans
In 1619, a _________ ship arrived at _____________ and sold their cargo of 20 Africans for food.
Dutch; Jamestown
True or False: The first Africans in America were indentured servants, not slaves
True
The first Africans in America were _________________ not slaves
indentured servants
By 1710, slaves made up ___% of the population in the English colonies.
a) 4%
b) 14%
c) 25%
d) 55%
By 1710, slaves made up 14% of the population in the English colonies.
By 1710, slaves made up ___% of the population in the English colonies.
a) 2%
b) 44%
c) 14%
d) 50%
By 1710, slaves made up 14% of the population in the English colonies.
Why did the Pilgrims come to the New World?
The Pilgrims sought religious freedom.
The Pilgrims, seeking religious freedom, first moved to __________. Life here was totally unsuited to their needs and temperment, however. They decided to set sail for the New World.
Holland
The Pilgrims sailed for the New World on the ship _____________.
Mayflower
The Pilgrims landed at ___________
Plymouth on Cape Cod
Before getting off the ship, the 41 men aboard sign the _____________.
Mayflower Compact
In 1621, ___________ approaches Plymouth, and asks in perfect English "Do you have any beer?" The next day, he returns with Squanto and Massasoit
Somoset
True or False: In 1621, Pocohontas approaches Plymouth, and asks in perfect English "Do you have any beer?"
False. In 1621, Somoset approaches Plymouth, and asks in perfect English "Do you have any beer?" The next day, he returns with Squanto and Massasoit
True or False: In 1621, Squanto approaches Plymouth, and asks in perfect English "Do you have any beer?"
False. In 1621, Somoset approaches Plymouth, and asks in perfect English "Do you have any beer?" The next day, he returns with Squanto and Massasoit
Before James, the Duke of York, demanded its surrender, Manhattan Island (now New York) belonged to the _______
Dutch
Sugar was domesticated in _____________
New Guinea
Domesticated in New Guinea, _________ became a chief export of Spanish colonies in North America.
sugar
Domesticated in New Guinea, sugar became a chief export of ________ colonies in North America.
Spanish
Plentiful sugar imports from the New World cause sugar use in Europe to rise by _____%
450%
True or False: Black Africans were the first to enslave other black Africans.
True
True or False: Europeans, deciding they were good for nothing else, began to round up black Africans to sell as slaves.
False. By the time Europeans began to interact with black Africans, there was already a thriving slave trade.
True or False: By the time Europeans began to interact with black Africans, there was already a thriving slave trade.
True.
Which country was the first to bring slaves to America?
Portugal (1480)
True or False: Sir Francis Drake was a pirate.
True
What are "Letters of Marque and Reprisal"?
Documents that grant a person the right to search and seize property of someone from another country. Some pirates were granted letters of Marque and Reprisal to authorize their plundering.
Which pre-Revolutionary War is considered by some historians to be the "First World War"?
The French & Indian War
True or False: French Settlers fought the Algonquin Indians for land in The French & Indian War
False. The French and the Algonquin Indians were allies, fighting against the British and the Iroqois.
True or False: The French and the Algonquin Indians fought against the British and the Iroqois in The French & Indian War.
True.
True or False: The French and the Iroquois Indians fought against the British and the Algonquin tribe in The French & Indian War.
False. The French and the Algonquin Indians fought against the British and the Iroqois in The French & Indian War.
Who won the French and Indian War?
Britain / the colonies
British policy toward the colonies was "____________"
Salutary Neglect
What is "Salutary Neglect"?
If no restrictions are placed on the colonies, they will flourish
What were the effects of Parliaments implementation of "Salutary Neglect"?
The colonies prospered economically, and also became used to making decisions for themselves.
What was the significance of "Somerset's Case"?
The Somerset's Case Ruling decided that slavery was unlawful in England (but not necessarily in other parts of the British Empire)
True or False: Somerset's Case is considered by many to be one of the most significant milestones in the campaign to abolish slavery throughout the world.
True.
True or False: Somerset's Case required all colonists to buy "stamps" to affix to legal documents.
False. The Somerset's Case Ruling decided that slavery was unlawful in England (but not necessarily in other parts of the British Empire).
The ______ Tax was conceived to help pay for Britain's national debt after the French and Indian War.
The Stamp Tax
What were the 3 things discussed at the Stamp Act Congress?
-trial by jury
-a right of self taxation
- reducing admiralty courts
______________ was "Chancellor of the Exchequer", who proposed taxes on tea, lead, glass, paint, and paper.
Charles Townsend
What was the purpose of the Townsend Acts?
To regulate trade and generate revenue
True or False: The Townsend Acts were designed to punish the colonists for disobedience to the King.
False. The purpose of the Townsend Acts was to regulate trade and generate revenue.
True or False: Colonists disguised as Native Americans destroyed shipments of tea during the "Boston Tea Party"
True
True or False: Native Americans destroyed shipments of tea during the "Boston Tea Party"
False. Colonists disguised as Native Americans destroyed shipments of tea during the "Boston Tea Party"
True or False: The "Proclamation of 1763" forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
True
True or False: The "Proclamation of 1763" forbade Native Americans from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
False: The "Proclamation of 1763" forbade COLONISTS from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
True or False: The "Proclamation of 1763" finally gave the colonists what they had been asking for: independence.
False. The "Proclamation of 1763" did not grant independence. And the colonists were very unhappy to hear that they couldn't expand into the new frontier.