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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
One theory about how ancient people first came to the Americas involves migration across ____________.
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A land bridge between Siberia and Alaska known as the "Bering Strait"
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Why did the ancient people's migrate to North America.
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Nobody knows for sure.
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Who is the highest ruling member of a tribe?
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The Principal Chief
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In 1095, __________ called Christians to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims who controlled it.
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Pope Urban II
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In ______, Pope Urban II called Christians to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims who controlled it.
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1095
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True or False: following the crusades, people's tastes for Eastern goods inspired unprecedented global trade.
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True
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Who was known as "Henry the Navigator"?
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Price Henry of Portugal
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In 1498, _________ was the first to round the Cape of Good Hope and reach India.
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Vasco da Gama
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In _____, Vasco da Gama was the first to round the Cape of Good Hope and reach India.
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1498
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Why were so many tradesmen setting sail for Asia?
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Bringing gold, silver, asian spices, cotton, and silk back to Europe could make them a lot of money.
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True or False: Christopher Columbus died claiming he had reached Asia during his famous voyage
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True
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True or False: Christopher Columbus was even more proud of his voyage after he realized he had discovered a new continent.
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False. Christopher Columbus died claiming he had reached Asia during his famous voyage
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Who financed Christopher Columbus' famous voyage?
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Queen Isabella
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What were the names of the 3 ships under Christopher Columbus' command?
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Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
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True or False: Christopher Columbus and his men first pulled into Watlings Island in the Bahamas.
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True
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True or False: Christopher Columbus and his men first pulled into what later became Jamestown, Virginia.
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False. Christopher Columbus and his men first pulled into Watlings Island in the Bahamas.
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The Aztecs mistook _________ for a returning God named _________.
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Hernan Cortes,
Quetzacoatl |
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The Aztecs sent Cortes, as an offering, a huge disc made of ________.
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solid gold
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What was the first permanent European settlement in North America?
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St. Augustine, a Spanish settlement
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Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. Those of the highest rank were born in Spain and were called _________.
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peninsulares
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Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. Those directly beneath peninsulares were those who were born in America to Spanish parents. They were called _________.
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criolles
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Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. Those who had mixed Indian and Spanish blood were third-highest, and were known as __________.
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mestizos
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True or False: Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. The natives who adopted Spanish lifestyles were less respected than mestizos, but more respected than mulattoes.
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True.
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True or False: Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. The natives who adopted Spanish lifestyles were less respected than peninsulares, but more respected than criolles.
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False. The pecking order was peninsulares, criolles, mestizos, natives living as Spanish, mulattoes, and African slaves at the bottom.
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True or False: Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. The pecking order was peninsulares, criolles, mestizos, natives living as Spanish, mulattoes, and African slaves at the bottom.
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True.
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True or False: Spanish society in the Americas consisted of several ranks. The pecking order was mulattoes, peninsulares, criolles, mestizos, natives living as Spanish, and African slaves at the bottom.
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False. The pecking order was peninsulares, criolles, mestizos, natives living as Spanish, mulattoes, and African slaves at the bottom.
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The Aztecs called themselves the _________
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Mexics
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The first expedition to successfully sail around the world was led by ___________ who died in battle before the voyage was complete.
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Ferdinand Magellan
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What happened to the English colony Roanoke?
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Nobody knows- it was abondoned.
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What are the two jobs of historians?
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1) Find the facts of the past
2) Interpret and explain those facts to the current generation. |
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True or False: the interpretation of the past changes frequently.
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True. The facts don't change. The evidence rarely changes. Our interpretation of the evidence changes frequently.
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Facts are discoverd through _________
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evidence
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The first ancients to arrive in North America are referred to as ___________
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paleo-indians
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The first paleo-Indian culture was the _________
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Clovis culture
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The Clovis culture was replaced by the __________
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Folsom culture
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Maize was domesticated in Mexico around ________
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4000 B.C.E.
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Native American diet consisted primarily of ________, _________, & ________.
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maize, beans & squash
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The Medieval Warm Period lasted from _______ to _______.
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800 C.E. to 1300 C.E.
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The _______________ lasted from 800 C.E. to 1300 C.E. It was a period of warm weather in the North Atlantic Region.
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Medieval Warm Period
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The _____________ lasted from 1300 C.E. to 1850 C.E. It was a period of unusually cool weather in the North Atlantic Region.
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Little Ice Age
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The Little Ice Age lasted from ______ to_______.
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1300 C.E. to 1850 C.E.
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The Norse economy around 800 C.E. was based on __________ and hunting animals, but they did not ____.
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The Norse economy around 800 C.E. was based on pastoralism (raising livestock) and hunting animals, but they did not fish.
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The Norse arrived at L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, under the leadership of ________
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Leif Erikson
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The Norse arrived at L'Anse aux Meadows, ____________, under the leadership of Leif Erikson.
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Newfoundland
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True or False: Thorvald Erikson was killed by Native Americans
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True
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True or False: Thorvald Erikson was killed by the vikings.
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False. Thorvald Erikson was killed by Native Americans
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The Norse eventually died or left Greenland. What were the 5 reasons they couldn't survive there?
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- climate change
- environmental damage - loss of trade with Europe - Eurocentric identity - hostile neighbors |
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After1492, _____ takes control of the Caribbean Sea.
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Spain
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In 1521, the Spanish conquer the Aztecs and establish "_________"
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New Spain
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In _____, the Spanish conquer the Aztecs and establish "New Spain"
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1521
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France's main interest in North America became ________
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furs (mainly beaver)
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True or False: The British colony of Roanoke, established in 1587, is known as "The Lost Colony"
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True
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True or False: The French colony of Roanoke, established in 1587, is known as "The Lost Colony"
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False. Roanoke was British, not French
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True or False: The British colony of Roanoke, established in 1508, is known as "The Lost Colony"
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False, Roanoke was established in 1587
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True or False: The British colony of Roanoke, established in 1587, is known as "New England"
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False. Roanoke is known as "The Lost Colony"
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When Jamestown seemed doomed, ________ stepped in and saved the settlement.
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John Smith
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Jamestown had help from the _________, who taught the settlers how to farm and fish.
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Powhatan
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True or False: John Smith probably would have been killed, but Pocahontas begged that he be spared.
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True
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True or False: John Smith probably would have been killed, but Squanto begged that he be spared.
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False. John Smith probably would have been killed, but Pocahontas begged that he be spared.
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In the seventeenth century, there were generally 4 types of colonies:
1) _________ 2) _________ 3) _________ 4) _________ |
1) settlement
2) exploitation 3) hybrid 4) trading post |
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In the seventeenth century, the British had 3 types of colonies:
1) _________ 2) _________ 3) _________ |
1) royal colony
2) charter colony 3) proprietary colony |
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There have been two great revolutions in the modern era:
1) 2) |
1) The American Revolution
2) The Russian Revolution |
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True or False: There have been two great revolutions in the modern era: the American Revolution and the French Revolution
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False. There have been two great revolutions in the modern era: the American Revolution and the Russian Revolution
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The American Revolution sought to make the ideals of the ____________ the basis of a governmental system
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Enlightenment
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What was the Enlightenment?
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A philosophical movement which held that reason was the sole source for legitimacy and authority.
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The Enlightenment argued for __________ law, natural rights, liberty, and _________.
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The Enlightenment argued for natural law, natural rights, liberty, and deism.
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The Enlightenment rejected _________ and the divine right of _________
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The Enlightenment rejected theoracy and the divine right of kings
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What evidence suggests the Enlightenment influenced the Founding Fathers?
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The Declaration of Independence asserts natural rights, and also the Constitution implements separation of powers, and checks and balances.
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The British Parliament is ___________ (i.e. no other power or institution could counteract it.)
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sovereign
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Parliament's power is limited by ___________ and by ___________
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custom and contract
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The ______________ argued that Parliament's actions were unconstitutional.
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Americans
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In the time period around 1775, slavery exists in every single colony.
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True
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Most slave owners owned only 1 or 2 slaves.
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True
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What was a "stamp" in colonial times?
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A stamp was required for all legal documents to validate them. This included appointments to office, diplomas, newspapers, pamphlets, books, calendars, and blank paper.
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Why did English lawmakers feel the Stamp Tax was justified?
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To pay for the war debt, which was mostly from defending the colonies.
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The ______________ emerged in New York & Boston in 1765-66 as a paramilitary organization in direct response to British troop movements.
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Sons of Liberty
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True or False: The Sons of Liberty began to stockpile arms and organize "minute companies"
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True
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The Sons of Liberty began to stockpile arms and organize _____________
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minute companies
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The Stamp Act Congress reiterated their loyalty to the crown
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True
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True or False: Admiralty courts deal with the Navy.
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False. Admiralty courts deal with other types of ships
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True or False. Stamp Act was repealed in 1776
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True.
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What did the Declaratory Act do?
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The Declaratory Act attempted to "reassert" Parliament's authority.
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True or False: All the Townsend Act taxes were repealled in April 1770 except a 3 pence/lb sales tax on tea
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True
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The significance of the Quebec Act was that colonies were pissed that the Ohio valley was given to Quebec.
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True
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_________________ was the first engagement of the War of Independence
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Lexington and Concord
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The first act of the Second Continental Congress was to ______________
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assume direction of the military effort
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George Washington was from __________
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Virginia. As a Virginian leading the resistance in Massachusetts, the Second Continental Congress in effect "nationalized" the war.
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Beginning in 1775, the Continental Congress issued negotiable bills of credit called _____________.
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continentals
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The American Revolution was financed mostly through borrowing from __________ & ____________.
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wealthy Americans & foreign governments
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True or False: Continentals were backed by gold & silver
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False. Continentals were fiat currency. Many were distrustful of continentals.
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____________ goes to France in March 1776 to seek aid.
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Silas Deane
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In 1776, ___________ sets up a front company to funnel arms and supplies to the Americans.
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France
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France signed a treaty of alliance with USA on ____________
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Feb 6, 1778
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__________ joins France against Britain
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Spain
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_______________ was the "hero of Saratoga"
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Benedict Arnold
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During his convalescence, ______________ became very bitter.
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Benedict Arnold
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In May, 1778, Washington appointed _____________ as military governor of Philadelphia
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Benedict Arnold
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The ____________ was the 1st elected legislative assembly in the New World
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House of Burgesses
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The House of Burgesses was established in the colony of _________ in 1619
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Virginia
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What was so special about the House of Burgesses?
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Their actions demonstrated a degree of independence that would be imitated by future legislative bodies in North America.
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Was Jamestown a success or a failure?
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Jamestown was a huge success.
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The English colonists found no gold. Instead, they started making money off of ____________
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Growing and exporting tobacco
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What Englishman first realized the potential of tobacco?
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John Rolfe
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In 1619, a Dutch ship arrived at Jamestown and sold their cargo of __________ for food.
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20 Africans
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In 1619, a _________ ship arrived at _____________ and sold their cargo of 20 Africans for food.
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Dutch; Jamestown
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True or False: The first Africans in America were indentured servants, not slaves
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True
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The first Africans in America were _________________ not slaves
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indentured servants
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By 1710, slaves made up ___% of the population in the English colonies.
a) 4% b) 14% c) 25% d) 55% |
By 1710, slaves made up 14% of the population in the English colonies.
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By 1710, slaves made up ___% of the population in the English colonies.
a) 2% b) 44% c) 14% d) 50% |
By 1710, slaves made up 14% of the population in the English colonies.
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Why did the Pilgrims come to the New World?
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The Pilgrims sought religious freedom.
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The Pilgrims, seeking religious freedom, first moved to __________. Life here was totally unsuited to their needs and temperment, however. They decided to set sail for the New World.
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Holland
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The Pilgrims sailed for the New World on the ship _____________.
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Mayflower
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The Pilgrims landed at ___________
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Plymouth on Cape Cod
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Before getting off the ship, the 41 men aboard sign the _____________.
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Mayflower Compact
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In 1621, ___________ approaches Plymouth, and asks in perfect English "Do you have any beer?" The next day, he returns with Squanto and Massasoit
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Somoset
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True or False: In 1621, Pocohontas approaches Plymouth, and asks in perfect English "Do you have any beer?"
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False. In 1621, Somoset approaches Plymouth, and asks in perfect English "Do you have any beer?" The next day, he returns with Squanto and Massasoit
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True or False: In 1621, Squanto approaches Plymouth, and asks in perfect English "Do you have any beer?"
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False. In 1621, Somoset approaches Plymouth, and asks in perfect English "Do you have any beer?" The next day, he returns with Squanto and Massasoit
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Before James, the Duke of York, demanded its surrender, Manhattan Island (now New York) belonged to the _______
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Dutch
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Sugar was domesticated in _____________
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New Guinea
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Domesticated in New Guinea, _________ became a chief export of Spanish colonies in North America.
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sugar
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Domesticated in New Guinea, sugar became a chief export of ________ colonies in North America.
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Spanish
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Plentiful sugar imports from the New World cause sugar use in Europe to rise by _____%
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450%
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True or False: Black Africans were the first to enslave other black Africans.
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True
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True or False: Europeans, deciding they were good for nothing else, began to round up black Africans to sell as slaves.
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False. By the time Europeans began to interact with black Africans, there was already a thriving slave trade.
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True or False: By the time Europeans began to interact with black Africans, there was already a thriving slave trade.
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True.
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Which country was the first to bring slaves to America?
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Portugal (1480)
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True or False: Sir Francis Drake was a pirate.
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True
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What are "Letters of Marque and Reprisal"?
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Documents that grant a person the right to search and seize property of someone from another country. Some pirates were granted letters of Marque and Reprisal to authorize their plundering.
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Which pre-Revolutionary War is considered by some historians to be the "First World War"?
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The French & Indian War
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True or False: French Settlers fought the Algonquin Indians for land in The French & Indian War
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False. The French and the Algonquin Indians were allies, fighting against the British and the Iroqois.
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True or False: The French and the Algonquin Indians fought against the British and the Iroqois in The French & Indian War.
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True.
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True or False: The French and the Iroquois Indians fought against the British and the Algonquin tribe in The French & Indian War.
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False. The French and the Algonquin Indians fought against the British and the Iroqois in The French & Indian War.
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Who won the French and Indian War?
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Britain / the colonies
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British policy toward the colonies was "____________"
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Salutary Neglect
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What is "Salutary Neglect"?
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If no restrictions are placed on the colonies, they will flourish
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What were the effects of Parliaments implementation of "Salutary Neglect"?
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The colonies prospered economically, and also became used to making decisions for themselves.
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What was the significance of "Somerset's Case"?
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The Somerset's Case Ruling decided that slavery was unlawful in England (but not necessarily in other parts of the British Empire)
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True or False: Somerset's Case is considered by many to be one of the most significant milestones in the campaign to abolish slavery throughout the world.
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True.
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True or False: Somerset's Case required all colonists to buy "stamps" to affix to legal documents.
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False. The Somerset's Case Ruling decided that slavery was unlawful in England (but not necessarily in other parts of the British Empire).
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The ______ Tax was conceived to help pay for Britain's national debt after the French and Indian War.
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The Stamp Tax
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What were the 3 things discussed at the Stamp Act Congress?
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-trial by jury
-a right of self taxation - reducing admiralty courts |
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______________ was "Chancellor of the Exchequer", who proposed taxes on tea, lead, glass, paint, and paper.
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Charles Townsend
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What was the purpose of the Townsend Acts?
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To regulate trade and generate revenue
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True or False: The Townsend Acts were designed to punish the colonists for disobedience to the King.
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False. The purpose of the Townsend Acts was to regulate trade and generate revenue.
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True or False: Colonists disguised as Native Americans destroyed shipments of tea during the "Boston Tea Party"
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True
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True or False: Native Americans destroyed shipments of tea during the "Boston Tea Party"
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False. Colonists disguised as Native Americans destroyed shipments of tea during the "Boston Tea Party"
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True or False: The "Proclamation of 1763" forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
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True
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True or False: The "Proclamation of 1763" forbade Native Americans from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
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False: The "Proclamation of 1763" forbade COLONISTS from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
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True or False: The "Proclamation of 1763" finally gave the colonists what they had been asking for: independence.
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False. The "Proclamation of 1763" did not grant independence. And the colonists were very unhappy to hear that they couldn't expand into the new frontier.
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