History 142 Umuc Dowling - Dudes

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Martin Luther

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– (1483–1546) Reformation era monk, disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money.

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John Calvin

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– (1509 – 1564) was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism.

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Council of Trent

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– (1545 – 1563) Catholic council condemned the actions of Reformers during the reformation.

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Thomas More

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– (1478 – 1535) Renaissance humanist and Author of Utopia who was put to death for adhering to his Catholic beliefs under Henry VIII.

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Montaigne

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– (1533 – 1592) was one of the most influential writers of the French Renaissance, known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre, and commonly thought of as the father of modern skepticism

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Erasmus

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– (1466 – 1536) a Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian.
In Praise of Folly

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Galileo

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– (1564-1642) was forced to recant his finding that the earth revolves around the sun by the Catholic Church. Scientific Revolution. Two New Sciences

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Charles V

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(1500-1558) – Holy Roman Emperor, Habsburg,opposed the Reformation

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Shakespeare

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(1564 -1616 ) English author and playwright esp good at portraying the human condition.

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Suleyiman the Magnificent

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– emoperor of the Ottoman Empire 1520 to his death in 1566, enemy of Charles V, got all the way to Vienna before being stopped.

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Ieyasu Tokugawa

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– (1543 – 1616) was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868.

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Louis XIV

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(1638-1715) French, Sun King, absolute monarchy, bankrupted the country through war and unfair tax structure.

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Richilieu

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– (1585-1642) Cardinal King Louis XIII "Chief Minister",

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Rembrandt

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– (1606-1669) Dutch portrait painter antithetical to the Baroque style

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Thomas Hobbes

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(1588-1679) English political philosopher and creator of the social contract ..... Leviathan

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John Locke

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(1632-1704) – liberal, his empirical theory of knowledge, his advocacy of religious toleration, and his theory of personal identity, natural laws and rights, the social contract. He argued against the divine right of kings as unsupported by scripture or reason.

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Peter the Great

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– (1672-1725) Russian Tzar created the Russian Empire and led a cultural revolution that replaced the traditionalist and medieval social and political system with a modern, scientific, Europe-oriented, and rationalist system.

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Catherine the Great

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(1729- 1796) the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia came to power after the assignation of her husband Peter III. Russian Enlightenment.

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Rosseau

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– (1712-1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-century Romanticism of French expression. His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological and educational thought. Wrote The Social Contract to bring into harmony govt and liberty

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Voltaire

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(1694 – 1778) was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil liberties, including freedom of religion, freedom of expression, free trade and separation of church and state.

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William Blake

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(1757 – 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of both the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age.

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Goethe

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(1749 – 1832) was a German writer, artist, and politician who influenced many philosophers who came after him. Romanticism Writer

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John Stuart Mill

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(1806-1883) British philosopher, political economist and civil servant. He was an influential contributor to social theory, political theory, and political economy. Liberalism & Supporter of Women's Rights On Liberty

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Metternich

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(1773-1859) was an Austrian politician and statesman , one of the most important diplomats of his era, serving as the Foreign Minister of the Holy Roman Empire and its successor state, the Austrian Empire, from 1809 until the liberal revolutions of 1848 forced his resignation. signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau that sent Napoleon into exile and led the Austrian delegation at the Congress of Vienna which divided post-Napoleonic Europe between the major powers.

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Alexis De Tocqueville

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– ( 1805-1859 )French philosopher commentary on the US during the Industrial Revolution, he analysed the rising living standards and social conditions of individuals and their relationship to the market and state in Western societies. Democracy in America (1835), his major work, published after his travels in the United States, is today considered an early work of sociology and political science.

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Charles Dickens

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(1812-1870) - prolific writer and chronicler of the early Industrial era. Author of famous stories A Tale of Two Cities and A Christmas Story.

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Balsac

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(1799-1850) - French journalist and writer, one of the creators of realism in literature. The Human Comdey

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Bismarck

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(1815-1898) a conservative German statesman who dominated European affairs from the 1860s to his dismissal in 1890. After a series of short victorious wars he unified numerous German states into a powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership, then created a "balance of power" that preserved peace in Europe from 1871 until 1914. As Minister President of Prussia 1862–90, Bismarck provoked wars that made Prussia dominant over Austria and France, and lined up the smaller German states behind Prussia

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Leo Tolstoy

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– (1828-1910) Russian writer who primarily wrote novels and short stories. Later in life, he also wrote plays and essays. equally known for his complicated and paradoxical persona and for his extreme moralistic and ascetic views, which he adopted after a moral crisis and spiritual awakening in the 1870s, after which he also became noted as a moral thinker and social reformer.

The Kingdom of God is Within You

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Dostoevsky

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– (1821 – 1881) Russian novelist, short story writer, and essayist. literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social and spiritual context of 19th-century Russia. Crime and Punishment

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Cavour

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1810-1861 was a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification.

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Ataturk

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- an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey.

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Theodore Roosevelt

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– US President

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Woodrow Wilson

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– US President, entered WWI, urged for Female Suffrage 1920.

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Sun Yat-Sen

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- (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary, first president and founding father of the Republic of China

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Nietzsche

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– (1844-1900 ) a German philosopher, poet, composer, cultural critic, and classical philologist. He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy, and science, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony, and aphorism