History 142 Exam 1 Sg

Front 1

Thaddeus Stevens

Back 1

-die hard abolitionist
-led small group of politicians (all Radical Repubs) who supported black suffrage

Front 2

10% Plan

Back 2

-Lincoln's plan--10% of voters in 1860 take oath of allegiance to Union and accept emancipation
-Lincoln died before it was carried out

Front 3

Scalawags

Back 3

-white southerners who supported Repubs
-were NOT commited to black rights and black suffrage
-mostly small farmers who never owned slaves (NC, GA, AL, AK)
-many drifted back to the Democratic fold

Front 4

Carpetbaggers

Back 4

-sent to the south to try and reconstruct the government
-commited to black rights and black suffrage
-included many former Union soldiers who hoped to buy land, open factories, build railroads, or enjoy warmer weather
-many returned back north but 1 out of 3 who remained held state offices

Front 5

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

Back 5

-Johnson suspended Stanton and replaced him with General Grant (violated Tenure of Office Act)
-11 charges of impeachment (cuz he continued to remove civil officers without Senate's consent)
-one short of a 2/3 vote needed for conviction but the vote that was in exchange for political favors was dismissed and became the final vote needed for the impeachment

Front 6

Tenure of Office Act

Back 6

others of being "unmindful of the high duties of office" and for "inflammatory and scandalous harangues," of seeking to disgrace Congress, and of not enforcing the Reconstruction Acts

Front 7

Freedmen's Bureau

Back 7

-was created to support the Army's work with blacks
-staffed mainly by Army personnel
-had authority over the economic, legal and political affairs of former slaves

Front 8

No land reform in the south

Back 8

-Gen Sherman's Field Order #15 (40 acres and a mule) was canceled by President Johnson's Amnesty Proclamation
-restored most of the property to pardoned ex-Confederates in GA and SC
-land placed under temporary care of the Freedman's Bureau was restored to its former owners by order of President Johnson

Front 9

Technology that opened the west

Back 9

-AC/DC current development helped expand electricity
-telephone
-railroads

Front 10

Impact of growth of American cities

Back 10

-urban population increased x7 in 50 years and caused need for clean water which led to building of dams, acqueducts, pipes, and later sewers
-this led to indoor plumbing and the ability to build up (skyscrapers)
-disease spread; segregation common

Front 11

Ghost Dance

Back 11

the native americans believed the messiah was coming to take them to their rightful land. originally was a ceremonial dance at each new moon to hasten the arrival of the messiah. the dance was banned by white authorities. the native americans did not follow the order (Lakota tribe). sitting bull (chief) encouraged the myth which caused an uprising. when the troops went to arrest sitting bull, shots were fired and he was killed. the shots led to the battle of wounded knee. as sitting bull died, his horse started jumping or "dancing." it was said that his spirit went into the horse, causing it to perform a "ghost dance"

Front 12

Promontory Point

Back 12

-linked in UT
-linked railroad to stretch across country (east to west) for 1st time
-Union Pacific drove golden spike at Promontory Point after many problems delayed the effort

Front 13

John Powell and John Muir

Back 13

P-one of the first to try and conserve water in the desert. his campaign to "readjust expectations" about use of water in the dry western terrain didn't go unnoticed
M-became 19th century's most ardent publicist (active speaker) for wilderness protection. these men are highly responsible for the conservation movement in America, causing national parks to be created

Front 14

Homestead Act

Back 14

offered 160 acres land to anyone paying $10 registration fee if live on land for 5 years and cultivate and improve it
-only 1 in 9 acres went to the pioneers for whom it was intended

Front 15

Comstock Lode

Back 15

silver was discovered here (NV) and caused a big mining boom

Front 16

Chisholm Trail

Back 16

after the construction of the railroad through the United States, cowboys learned to utilize this technology to earn a profit. texas longhorn cattle had little value before because the largest markets for beef were too far away. after the railroad's were built there were able to drive the cattle up to Abilene, Kansas, put them on cars and ship them to Chicago. The populations of Kansas and Nebraska increased due to the ranchhands

Front 17

5 Civilized Tribes new home

Back 17

Kiowas, Comanches, Arapahos and Cheyennes accepted land in western OK while the Sioux agreed to settle withink the black hills reservation in Dakota territory. They reluctantly agreed to move to reservations after Congress wanted to remove the causes of the Indian wars in general. they thought it would be best accomplished at the expense of the Indian, and persuaded them to take up life on out-of-the-way reservations

Front 18

Herber Spencer's Social Darwinism

Back 18

applied this theory to the social (human) world--argued that human society and institutions passed through the process of natural selection or as Spencer phrased it, "survival of the fittest."

Front 19

Andrew Carnegie

Back 19

-pulls businesses into the steel industry
-used costs-analysis techniques and developed various cost-cutting ideas
-introduced Bessemer production technology
-used times of recession to expand cheaply; retained a large part of profits during good times to tide the business over during lean years

Front 20

American Federation of Labor

Back 20

-Samuel Gompers was president
-he advocated striking to achieve laborers objectives (focused on higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions)
-textiles, tobacco, and packing houses remained untouched
-differed from Knights of Labor in that it was a federation of National Craft

Front 21

Haymarket Bombing

Back 21

-in Chicago with German anarchists
-340,000 workers walked off jobs for 8 hour work day
-emotional strike
-someone threw a bomb into protest rally and killed 1 policeman and police fired wildly and killed 4 demonstrators
-many convicted on a foreign conspiracy
-great animosity toward unions (one held Knights of Labor Union card)

Front 22

Tammany Hall and William Tweed

Back 22

-New York City democrat
-stole money from city treasury and collected $200million on kickbacks and payoffs
-referred to as a corrupt system of buying or controlling votes (reference to political corruption)

Front 23

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Back 23

-outlawed trusts and other contracts in restraint of trade
-failed to define "trust" or "restraint of trade"--only 18 cases prosecuted by fed government from 1890 to 1904; Supreme Court interpreted the Act)
-was an exception to the social consequences of industrialization

Front 24

Hayes-Tilden election of 1876

Back 24

-Hayes was republican and Tilden was democrat
-Tilden won popular vote 51-48% but repubs challenged electoral vote returns from SC, FL, and LO)
-they threw out enough demorcatic ballots to declare Hayes the winner
-bulldozing-new word to describe Democratic techniques of intimidation by trampling black voters to keep them down or away from the polls

Front 25

Pullman Strike

Back 25

-headed up by Eugene Debs it was the most notable strike in US history
-made first passenger RR cars (sleeper cars)
-company cut the salary but didnt change the cost of the housing they offered
-Debs formed American Railway Union and the strike paralyzed Chicago rail traffic and 27 states in the West
-Company got attorney general to file an injunction and when Union refused to obey the Supreme Court stepped in and settled it