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455 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What was the Militia considered to the early English colonists?
An important military tradition
The military traditions most important to British colonists included.

A. fear of a large army
B. dependence on Royal Marines for protection against indians
C.avoidance of any service in the milita
D.use of the British long bow to defeat the Indian silently
E. Extensive use of armor and mounted knights against indians.
A. Fear of a large standing army
The militia
A.had periodic musters for training purposes
B.exhibited a link between military duty & religion in New England
C.required men to furnish their own weapons
D.had the company as the basic unit
E.all of the above are correct
E. All of the above are correct.
Colonial militia officers in the 17th & 18th centuries
A.came from the upper class of Britain
B.held political offices as well
C.usually went on long-term active duty outside their own colony
D.All of the above are correct
E.Only A & B are correct
B. held political offices as well
Control of the colonial militia
A.moved from legislative to executive control
B.decayed in the west but remained very strong in the Tidewater region
C.saw the decline of a voluntary militia
D.All of the above are correct
E.none of the above are correct
E. None of the above are correct
an old & revered tradition
militia in England & colonial America
based on a traditional fear of a standing army
militia in England & colonial America
cherished military tradition
militia in England & colonial America
All people owed allegiance to the King & must serve at his command.
The idea at the heart of the militia
principle of universal military obligation for all able-bodied males from 16 to 60
The idea at the heart of the militia
easy way to avoid the draft
The idea at the heart of the militia
periodic musters (training days)
Function of the Militia
company was the basic unit
Things the militia functioned with
In New England there was a link between militia service & religion.
Things the militia functioned with
Militia men provided their own weapons.
Function of the Militia
Armor, pikes & matchlocks gave way to no armor, hatchets, & flintlocks.
Things the militia functioned with
came from the upper classes
Militia officers
often held political offices
Militia officers
as a local institution rarely served far from home
Militia officers
moved from executive control to legislative control over time.
The Colonial Militia
Control of the _____ decayed in the eastern parts of the colonies as the frontier moved west
militia
select voluntary militia arose
control of the militia in the colonies
colonists used a stronghold concept of defense.
frontier colonial defense
problems getting enough food to the stronghold.
terms of frontier colonial defense
Colonists objected to having to abandon their homes & farms.
terms of frontier colonial defense
Indians lacked the ability to mount a siege on the strongholds.
terms of frontier colonial defense
also used as a local police force
The colonial militia
preserved domestic peace & protected property
The colonial militia
served as slave patrols in the south
The colonial militia
They usually didn't call out the militia.
For colonial expeditions
Specially commissioned officers, who were not always the militia officers, commanded the expeditions.
For colonial expeditions
A manpower quota was given to each militia district & was filled from volunteers, draftees, substitutes & hirelings.
For colonial expeditions
Most of the men on the expeditions came from the lower classes.
For colonial expeditions
small war parties that acted in isolation
The tactics of the Indians
ambushes & raids using night & fog
The tactics of the Indians
Initially, they used European tactics with unaimed massed volleys.
Militia Tactics
They used Indian allies.
The tactics of the militia
raided Indian villages to destroy the food supply and they waged war against Indian society not just warriors.
The tactics of the militia
Over time the tactics changed to cover, concealment, & aimed fire.
The tactics of the militia
Opechancauough of the Indian Confederation in 1622-32
Virginia Indian conflict
By 1644-46 the Indians were decisively defeated.
Virginia Indian Conflict
Colonists responded ruthlessly to provocation.
Virginia Indian Conflict
The colonists punished the offending tribe severely & terrified other tribes into submission.
Virginia Indian Conflict
CPT John Mason (CT) & CPT Underhill (MA) led the attacks.
Pequot War in New England
attacked the Pequot fort on the Mystic River.
Pequot War in New England
400-500 Indians were killed for militia losses of 2 KIA & 20 WIA.
Pequot War in New England
This broke the back of Pequot resistance.
Pequot War in New England
This war reduced the Indians to military insignificance.
King Philip's War in 1675
Philip tried to form a confederacy.
King Philip's War in 1675
The colonists took out the Narragansetts in the Great Swamp fight by destroying Indian clothing housing, clothing & the winter food supply.
King Philip's War in 1675
William Turner attacked the Indian base camp & Benjamin Church killed Philip.
King Philip's War
1675 was the year associated with which war?
King Philip's War
1676 Virginia
Bacon's Rebellion
Frontiersmen killed the leader of the Susequehannocks.
Bacon's Rebellion
Gov. Berkeley wanted forts & militia men.
Bacon's Rebellion
Bacon & the westerners wanted to kill all the Indians.
Bacon's Rebellion
There was a civil revolt & Bacon's supporters, many of whom were ex-indentured servants, caused the planters to use slave labor.
Bacon's Rebellion
1689-1697
King William's War
led by Count Frontenac
The French in King William's War
attacked New York & New England
The French in King William's War
launched attacks on Schnectady, Salmon Falls, & Falmouth
The French in King William's War
William Phips with 700 men conquered Port Royal in 1690.
Colonial participation in King William's War
The _____ ______ Conference of 1690 proposed an overland strike from Albany to Montreal and a sea force up the St. Lawrence River to Quebec and marked some of the colonial participation in King William's War.
New York
The _____ overland expedition, it was canceled when it suffered from smallpox and a lack of provisions & boats during the King Williams War
Colonial
The _____ force under Sir William Phips was canceled due to the cold weather & lack of supplies during Colonial participation in King William's War.
sea
There were frontier raids from 1690-1697.
results of King William's War
The Treaty of Ryswick was a status quo ante bellum treaty so no territory changed hands.
results of King William's War
1701-1713
Queen Anne's War
Gov. James Moore of SC took St. Augustine in 1702 but then withdrew to Charleston.
Queen Anne's War
(southern campaigns)
Moore devastated the area between St. Augustine & Pensacola.
Queen Anne's War
(southern campaigns)
Spain & France launched an assault on Charleston in 1706 but failed to take it.
Queen Anne's War
(southern campaigns)
to avoid any action until 1709
New York's role in Queen Anne's War
to keep the Iroquois neutral & avoid hurting the fur trade
New York's role in Queen Anne's War
try to keep peace along its borders
New York's role in Queen Anne's War
primarily to fight Indians from 1701-09 and then get New York & the Iroquois to join the war effort in 1709
New England's role in Queen Anne's War
During New England's role in Queen Anne's war, the _____ became suspicious of the British as several campaigns fail
Colonists
to plan a campaign against Montreal that the British called off
New England's role in Queen Anne's War
watch while the British took Port Royal in 1710 & made Arcadia British.
New England's role in Queen Anne's War
The war ended in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713
results of Queen Anne's War
The British got Arcadia, Newfoundland, & the shores of Hudson Bay from the French as a result of this war.
Queen Anne's War
1740-48
King George's War
James Oglethorpe and his militia failed to take St. Augustine in 1739 as part of the _____ campaigns of King George's War.
southern
During the Southern campaigns of King George's war, The British/colonial attempt to take Caratagena failed & led to _____ between the British & the colonists.
recriminations
Oglethorpe successfully defended Frederica GA against the Spanish in 1742.
southern campaigns in King George's War
The Massachusetts colony wanted to captured Louisbourg during the _____ campaigns of King George's War.
northern campaigns of King George's War
William Pepperrill & 4,000 militia captured Louisbourg from the French.
northern campaigns of King George's War
Some Americans saw the hand of God involved in this capture.
northern campaigns of King George's War
The Treaty of Aux-la-Chapelle ended the war.
results of King George's War
The treaty as a result of King George's war was also known as a "_____ _____ _____ _____" treaty.
status quo ante bellum
Louisbourg was given back to the French.
results of King George's War
The colonists were outraged that Louisbourg was returned to the French.
results of King George's War
The French expanded into the Ohio country.
The beginning of the French & Indian War
The Virginians decided to stop the expansion.
The beginning of the French & Indian War
The French captured Washington's force at the forks of the Ohio in 1754.
Early British/colonial failures in the French & Indian War
Edward Braddock was ambushed in western Pennsylvania in 1755.
Early British/colonial failures in the French & Indian War
William Johnson failed to take Crown Point in 1755 & Gov. Shirley failed in the Niagara campaign in 1755. These were considered early _____ failures in the French & Indian War.
British/colonial
The French under Montcalm took Ft. _____ _____ in 1756 leading to an early British/Colonial failure in the French and Indian War.
William Henry
Pitt decided to use a maritime & colonial strategy rather than a continental strategy to pick up French colonies.
British & colonial successes under William Pitt as PM
Jeffrey Amherst took Louisbourg & John Forbes took Ft. Duquesne in 1758.
British & colonial successes under William Pitt as PM
Amherst took Crown point & Ft. Ticonderoga in 1759.
British & colonial successes under William Pitt as PM
James Wolfe captured Quebec in 1759 & Montreal surrendered in 1760.
British & colonial successes under William Pitt as PM
France lost all of her continental North American territories except for two small fishing islands off Canada.
results of the French & Indian War
France gave New Orleans & all her land west of the Mississippi river to Spain.
results of the French & Indian War
It showed a growing rift between British officers & colonists.
The French & Indian War
The British see the colonists as lazy & ill-disciplined & used them as wagoneers & boatmen.
The French & Indian War
The colonists see the British as haughty men who inflicted harsh punishments on enlisted men.
The French & Indian War
The Indians are questionable allies.
The French & Indian War
British colonists outnumbered French colonists 15 to 1.
British advantages in the colonial wars
The Royal Navy was superior on the sea.
British advantages in the colonial wars
Colonial privateers assisted the Royal navy.
British advantages in the colonial wars
New France was very dependent on imports from France.
British advantages in the colonial wars
The French were less race conscious than the British & didn't want to occupy as much land.
Indian relationships with the Europeans
The British enjoyed an advantage in the fur trade since they had better manufactured goods to trade with the Indians.
Indian relationships with the Europeans
The Algonquin Indians were pro-French.
Indian relationships with the Europeans
The Iroquois Confederacy were pro-British.
Indian relationships with the Europeans
he French & Indian War left Britain with a large war debt that had to be paid.
Results of the French & Indian War that led to the American Revolution
As a result of the French and Indian War, the British North American Interior needed to be protected against the _____. This is one of the reasons that led up to the American Revolution.
Indians
Chief Pontiac launched a war against the colonists but was defeated by Thomas Gage.
Results of the French & Indian War that led to the American Revolution included
The Proclamation Line of 1763 attempted to separate the colonists and the Indians.
British frontier policy after 1763
The policy wanted to garrison the west with British regulars.
British frontier policy after 1763
The Colonists wanted to move west of the Proclamation Line of 1763 and the British regulars were seen by the colonists as agents of coercion.
British frontier policy after 1763
As part of their fronteir policy after 1763, the British implemented the Stamp Act which led the colonists to question _____ right to tax them.
Parliament's
The First Continental Congress, called in opposition to the Intolerable Acts, urged the colonists to collect weapons & train their militia.
The military events that started the American Revolution
MG Thomas Gage redeployed the British Army with a large garrison in Boston.
The military events that started the American Revolution
LTC Francis Smith was sent to seize arms stored at Concord & caused battles at Lexington & Concord.
The military events that started the American Revolution
size of their population, a standing army & navy, and financing.
British Advantages during Revolutionary war
natural courage and having no strategic heart & capital to capture.
American advantages during the Revolutionary War
underestimating the colonists' will to fight, a 3000 mile long logistics line, a cumbersome administration, communications problems on roads, no real war leader, lack of a united population & no clear strategy.
British disadvantages during Revolutionary War
a lack of training and financing.
American disadvantages during the Revolutionary War
They had a small professional force called the Continental Army to complement not supplant the militias.
"Dual Army" of the revolutionaries
They also had a militia that was used against enemy armies & loyalists.
"Dual Army" of the revolutionaries
The militia was usually good for small scale warfare and to maintain internal security
"Dual Army" of the revolutionaries
Washington greatly appreciated military professionals and had an aversion to militiamen.
George Washington's military beliefs
GN Washington believed that the Continental Army should ______ the British Army.
mirror
Though going against his military beliefs, GN _____ was forced to rely on the militia due to lack of competent professional officers & too few Continental troops.
Washington
was the same as the British Army with farmers, tradesmen & mechanics as well as immigrants, deserters, & vagrants from the bottom of society
social composition of the Continental Army
included men who shouldered arms freely & felt freedom was an issue
social composition of the Continental Army
Congress micromanaged the army by determining war objectives, size & composition.
Problems of Continental Army administration
Congress give inadequate financial resources to the army.
Problems of Continental Army administration
Transportation was a particularly weak area.
Problems of Continental Army administration
By 1780 Congress turned to the states to pay & equip troops who were "unpaid, unfed, unclothed, & unsheltered."
Problems of Continental Army administration
Ethan Allen captured Ft. Ticonderoga & Crown Point giving the revolutionaries a valuable supply of artillery.
The northern campaigns of 1775
At Bunker (Breed's) Hill in Boston Harbor, MG William Howe launched three costly frontal assaults against the American position which they finally took after 1000 casualties during the _____ campaigns of 1775.
northern
The captured Ft. Ticonderoga artillery moved to Dorchester Heights forced the British out of Boston.
The northern campaigns of 1775
Montgomery took Montreal but failed to captured Quebec and died in the attempt.
The northern campaigns of 1775
The Howe brothers sailed into New York harbor.
The Mid-Atlantic campaign in 1776
The Americans, under Washington, were defeated at Brooklyn Heights, Harlem Heights & White Plains.
The Mid-Atlantic campaign in 1776
The American troops fled through New Jersey to Pennsylvania during the ___-_____ campaigns in 1776.
Mid-Atlantic
Guy Carleton's invasion from Canada was stopped by a U.S. naval victory at Valcour Island during the Mid-Atlantic campaigns of ____.
1776
n Christmas night, Washington led his army across the Delaware River & captured 1000 Hessians the next morning.
Battle of Trenton in 1776
Washington followed up with a victory at Princeton in early 1777.
Battle of Trenton in 1776
These two battles kept the Continental Army together.
Battle of Trenton in 1776 & Battle of Princeton 1777
Washington determined to assume the strategic defensive & determined to win the war by NOT losing the Continental Army in a large battle. He would only fight when conditions were very advantageous.
Battle of Trenton in 1776
The British Plan was for Howe to advance on Albany from NYC, Burgoyne was to advance south from Montreal, and St. Leger to move east along the Mohawk River from Canada.
The British Campaigns of 1777
William Howe disregarded the plan & went by sea to Philadelphia with his army where he defeated Washington at Brandywine & Germantown.
The British Campaigns of 1777
John Burgoyne was stopped & then captured with his whole army by Horatio Gates at Saratoga.
The British Campaigns of 1777
Barry St. Leger was defeated by Nicholas Hereimer and his militia at Ft. Stanwix.
The British Campaigns of 1777
_____entered the war against Britain in 1778
France
____entered the war against Britain in 1779
Spanish
_____entered the war against Britain in 1780
Holland
_____diverted British resources from North America which became a secondary theater of war.
France
The French sent an ____, ____, ____ and _________ to the Americans during the Revolutionary War.
army
navy
money
munitions
The British wanted to coordinate operations on the mainland & the Caribbean.
British southern strategy
COL Archibald Campbell took Savannah in November 1778.
British southern strategy
Henry Clinton took Charleston SC in May 1780.
British southern strategy
Clinton is replaced by Earl Cornwallis.
British southern strategy
Horatio Gates was appointed commander of an army of 1400 in the South but was defeated badly by Cornwallis at Camden SC in 1780.
American southern campaign under Horatio Gates & Nathaniel Greene
There was a guerrilla war in SC led by Thomas Sumter, Francis Marion, & Andrew Pickens that tied up British resources.
American southern campaign under Horatio Gates & Nathaniel Greene
Back country (Tennessee) militia defeated the Tories under Patrick Ferguson at King's Mountain.
American southern campaign under Horatio Gates & Nathaniel Greene
Nathaniel Greene took command of the Americans & stopped Cornwallis at Cowpens SC. Cornwallis then turned to Virginia.
American southern campaign under Horatio Gates & Nathaniel Greene
Marquis de Lafayette was sent with his men to Virginia by Washington who followed shortly.
Battle of Yorktown
Cornwallis fortified Yorktown for access to the sea if he felt threatened or needed reinforcements.
Battle of Yorktown
Comte de Grasse brought the French West Indies fleet to Cape Charles & prevented the Royal Navy from rescuing Cornwallis.
Battle of Yorktown
Washington & French GEN Rochambeau besieged & captured Cornwallis' army at the Battle of ______.
Yorktown
a private navy created by Washington at the siege of Boston composed of private ships
types of navies used by the revolutionaries
state navies for coastal defense
Navies used by the revolutionaries
Privateers who practiced licensed piracy to capture prizes and were considered one of the four of these that the Americans used during the revolutionary war.
Navies
a Continental Navy established by Congress of 50 ships but only 5 were in commission by 1780
types of navies used by the revolutionaries
The British losing entire armies at Saratoga & Yorktown were part of the reason they agreed to the "_____ __ _____ in 1783.
Treaty of Paris
The war had been going badly for them in the Caribbean. The French took Minorca in the Mediterranean & the Spanish besieged Gibraltar.
Reasons why the British agreed to the Treaty of Paris in 1783
Yorktown broke Parliament's will to fight longer.
Reasons the British agreed to the Treaty of Paris in 1783
The Americans got their independence, British territory east of the Mississippi River, the right to navigate the Mississippi River, and access to the Newfoundland fisheries. These were terms of the Treaty of Paris in ____.
1783
Fear of a standing Army was considered what to the early English colonists?
An important military tradition.
Universal military obligation for all males 16-60 was considered a main _____ of the militia.
principle
After threats of Indian attack had largely moved away, the Militia basically turns into a social club as military roles lessen and the social role increases. This social role is considered a main ______ of the militia.
principle
Coming from the "high class" based on local standards, was a _____ _____ of militia officers.
Social Characteristic
Many militia officers also held political office. This is often considered a _____ _____ of militia officers at the time.
Social Characteristic
Most militia officers did not serve far from home. This is considered a _____ _____ of militia officers at the time.
Social Characteristic
Periodic musters, about 4 per year was considered a _____ of the militia.
function
New England had a link between religion and military and this is considered a _____ of the militia.
function
Militia provided their own weapons. This was considered a _____ of the the militia.
function
The evolution and transition away from Armor, Pikes, & matchlocks to no armor, flintlocks & hatchets was a militia _____.
function
The Company being the basic sized unit was a _____ of the militia.
function
Moving from executive to legislative control of the militia. This describes what?
Militia control change over time
As Frontier advanced westwards, the militia in east decayed. This describes what?
Militia control change over time
The rise of a Voluntary militia was a result of what?
Militia control change over time
The stronghold concept of defense identifies a _____ concept of _____ _____.
Major, Frontier Defense
Indians lacking siege ability helped to solidify this.
Major concepts of frontier defense
Not having enough food was often a downfall of these.
Major concepts of frontier defense
People having to abandon their Farms and Homes was a result of these.
Major concepts of frontier defense
Pressuring domestic peace & tranquility was an example of how the _____ _____ was used as a police force.
colonial militia
Being used for slave patrols in the south was an example of how _____ _____ was used as a police force.
colonial militia
The militia were not called out for these.
Colonial military expeditions
_____ _____ expeditions used specially commissioned officers.
Colonial military
Colonial military expeditions often relied on enlistment of men from _____ classes
lower
During colonial military expeditions, the troops saw them as a _____, and would go home if they felt it was broken.
contract
Using small war parties acting in isolation was a typical _____ warfare tactic.
Indian
Typical _____ warfare tactics included using ambushes & raids under the cover of night, fog, and storms
Indian
Initially using European tactics of unaimed mass volleys was typical of early _____ warfare tactics.
militia
The raiding of villages and destroying of homes and food supplies was _____ militia warfare tactics
typical
Typical militia _____ tactics included waging war against Indian society, not warriors.
warfare
Changing over to cover, concealment and aimed fire became ____ ____ ____ tactics.
Typical militia warfare
In 1610 George Percy attacked Pasahegh village-destroyed village,crops,shot women, & children during the _____ conflict of colonial _____.
Indian/Virginia
The 1622-1632 _____ Wars were included in the Indian conflict of colonial Virginia.
Powhatan
_____ attacked on Good Friday 1622 & killed 347 colonists or 13 of white population of Virginia
Opechancanough
"Opa-chacan-off"
Governor of Virginia invited Indians to peace conference & _____ their food killing 200
poisoned
1644-46 Indians decisively _____.
defeated
Colonists responded _____ to provocation
ruthlessly
Colonists _____ offending tribes & terrified other tribes into _____.
punished/submission
Cpt. John Mason (CT)
Colonial commander during the Pequot War
Cpt. John Underwill (MA)
Colonial Commander of the Pequot War
The attack on the _____ fort on mystic river was considered a Major action in this war bearing the same name.
Pequot
400-500 Indian casualties was considered a Major action in the _____ war.
Pequot
Militia lost 2 KIA & 20 WIA as a result of the assault on the ____ fort on Mystic River.
Pequot
One of the results of the _____ war was that it broke the back of the _____ resistance.
Pequot
Fewer than 50 colonists were KIA during Major actions in the _____ War that resulting in cessation of the _____ threat.
Pequot
In 1675, Philip of the _____ Indians tried to form an Indian confederacy.
Wampanoag
"WAWM-pah-NAW-ahg"
The major actions during the King _____ War brought the colonies together & solidified colonial way of war against Indians.
Phillip's
Colonists defeated the Narragansetts ("nair-uh-GANN-set") in the Great _____ Fight and was considered a major action of the King Phillips war.
Swamp
December of 1675 colonists destroyed Indian housing and winter food supplies during the _____ _____ War
King Phillip's
_____ _____ killed Phillip during the King Phillip's war.
Benjamin Curch
The King Phillip's war reduced the Indians to military _____.
insignificance.
Frontiersmen killed the leader of the Susquehannock Indians during this rebellion.
Bacon's Rebellion
During the Bacon's Rebellion, Gov. _____ wanted forts and militia men.
Berkeley
One of the reasons that _____ _____ led his Rebellion was due to the fact he and other Westerners wanted to kill all Indians.
Nathaniel Bacon
During the _____'s Rebellion, there was Civil revolt but _____ died of dysentery.
Bacon
Bacon's men were former indentured servants which led to planters not trusting them and shifting to _____ labor.
slave
British Manpower being 15 to 1 was considered an advantage in the ____ wars.
colonial
The advantage of only having New England consistently involved during the colonial wars in North America was a huge _____ advantage.
British
Considered a British advantage during the colonial wars in North America, the British used _____ colonial governments vs French _____ command.
individual / unified
British sea power an _____ against New France.
advantage
New France was very dependent on _____ during the colonial wars in North America.
imports
With the Indians, the ____ had an advantage in the fur trade as they had higher quality manufactured goods.
British
The _____ Indians were pro British, protect settlements.
Iroquois
The _____ were less race conscious towards the Indians.
French
_____ Indians were Pro French
Algonquin
The _____ brought many different types of people outside of just fur traders and merchants to include priests and soldiers.
French
Count de Frontenac attacked NY and New England with "la petite querre", during the French offensive during the King _____ War.
William's
During the French offensive in King Williams War, 60 were killed in ______, NY.
Schenectady
100 people were killed in both Salmon Falls, NH and Falmouth, ME during the French offensive of King _____ War.
William's
In 1690, Sir William _____ took Port Royal during colonial participation in King Williams War.
Phips
New York conference proposed an overland strike during colonial participation in King _____ war
William's
The Colonial overland strike from Albany to Montreal during the King William's war failed due to _____, too few _____, and too few _____.
smallpox\provisions\boats
The colonial seaborne force during King William's war that was to head up the ___ ______ River to _____ was cancelled due to no supplies & it being too cold.
St.Lawerence \ Quebec
The Frontier raids of 1690-1697 were a result of King _____ War.
William's
Another result of King William's war was the Treaty of _____ which was a 'status quo ante bellum' treaty
Ryswick
The colonies realized they needed to cooperate against the French during King _____ War
William's
During King _____ War, the colonies did not recieve much aid from Britian.
William's
Status Quo Ante Bellum basically means
Everything back to the same before war
Queen Anne's War was also known as what in Europe
War of Spanish Succession
During Queen Anne's War, Gov. _____ (SC) took St.Augustine in 1702 but withdrew to Charleston during the Southern Campaign.
Moore
During the _____ campaign of Queen Anne's War, Moore devastated the area between St. Augustine & Pensacola in 1703.
Southern
Spain and France failed to take _____ in 1706 during Queen Anne's War.
Charleston
Spain and France failed to take _____ in 1707.
Pensacola
During Queen Anne's War, this state was not involved until 1709.
New York
This state did not want to hurt the fur trade during Queen Anne's War.
New York
The Iroquois Indians were neutral during the _____ _____ War.
Queen Anne's
This state kept the peace along it's border during Queen Anne's War.
New York
The Treaty of Aux-la Chapelle is a result of King _____ War.
George's
The Treaty of Aux-la Chapelle was also a "_____ ___ ____ _____".
Status quo ante bellum
Louisbourg was returned to the _____ to regain Modras in King George's War.
French
Colonists felt the British disregarded the colonial _____ & _____ them during King George's War.
sacrifices \ betrayed
French and Indian War was also known as the ____ in Europe
Great War for Empire
During 1749-1753 the French expanded into _____ country which basically sparked the French and Indian War.
Ohio
In 1754 the French pushed the _____ out of forks of the Ohio River which was an early British failure in the French and Indian War.
Viriginians
In 1754 during the French and Indian war, _____ force sent by Gov. Dinwiddie was captured. This was considered an early British failure.
Washington's
An Early British failure of the French & Indian War, GN Edward _____ was ambushed in Western PA in 1755.
Braddock
Another of the Early British failures in French & Indian War, WM Johnson failed to take _____ Point in 1755.
Crown
1755 was witness to yet another early British failure in the French and Indian War when Gov. Shirley failed in the _____ campaign.
Niagara
1756 _____ took Ft. William Henry leading to the end of early major British failures of the French and Indian Wars.
Montcalm
____ as the Prime Minister of England decided on a maritime strategy to use the Royal Navy to sweep the seas & blockade the French leading to a huge British and colonial success during the French and Indian War.
Pitt
In 1758 Amherst took _____ with the help of smallpox blankets leading to a success for the the British and the colonies.
Louisbourg
In 1758 Forbes took Ft. Duquesne leading to a _____ success in the French and Indian War.
British\Colonial
Amherst of the British and colonial side took _____ Point & _____ in 1759
Crown\Ticonderoga
In 1759 _____ took Quebec from the French.
Wolfe
In 1760 the French in _____ Surrendered.
Montreal
France loosing all of North America except for two fishing islands was a result of this war.
French and Indian War.
All land east of the _____ River went from France to Britain (Except New Orleans)
Mississippi
New Orleans & land West of Mississippi River went to _____ as a result of the French and Indian War.
Spain
During the French and Indian war, a Rift developed between British _____ and Colonists developed.
Officers
During the French and Indian War, the _____ had a low opinion of the colonists.
British
The _____ saw the British as haughty during the French and Indian War.
Colonists
During the French and Indian War, the Indians proved _____ as allies.
questionable
Conflicts over recruitment, transportation & provisions fueled mutual _____ between the British and Colonists during the French and Indian War.
resentments
The Proclamation Line of 1763 was a part of what
British Frontier Policy after 1763
British frontier policy after 1763 included a Garrison _____ with regular army.
west
The British decided to _____colonists to support a standing Army in America. This was a result of British Frontier Policy after 1763.
Tax
Colonists wanted to move west which went against British _____ policy after 1763
Frontier
British frontier policy after 1763 led to colonists seeing the British standing Army as an agent of _____.
coercion
The _____ Act of 1765 led to questions as to the rights. of British to tax the colonists
Stamp
The 1st continental congress urging _____ collection was one of the military events that lead to the Revolutionary War.
weapons
MG _____ redeployed the army eastward, leading to another event leading to the American Revolution.
Gage
British LTC _____ _____ sent to concord leading to the fight at Lexington and was defeated at Concord bridge which resulted in British retreat sparking the American Revolution.
Francis Smith
The British _____ the US was a big disadvantage for Britain in the American Revolution.
underestimating
Logistical and command lines of over 3000 miles proved to be a huge ______ for the British during the American Revolution.
disadvantage
Having no real outstanding ___ _____ during the American Revolution was a huge blow to the British.
war leader
Population proved a key _____ for the British
advantage
The Royal Army was a big _____ during the American Revolution for the British.
advantage
Outside of the Army, the _____ _____ proved to be a huge advantage for the British during the American Revolution.
Royal Navy
The British had a huge supply of _____ which was advantageous for them to fund the war of American Revolution
money
Natural _____ was considered an advantage the Americans had over the British during the American Revolution
Courage
Having no ____ heart to capture became an advantage for the American Revolutionaries.
strategic
______ or knowing the terrain was a big advantage for the Americans during the Revolution.
Localism
A lack of _____ was one of the drawbacks for the Americans during the Revolution.
weapons
Poor Training was another of the disadvantages the _____ during the American Revolution.
Americans
only ___ of the population was pro war, leading to an American disadvantage during the revolution.
1\3
Having a ___ of money was yet another disadvantage the Americans had to overcome during the Revolution.
lack
Having a small professional force of soldiers led to a _____ _____ of the Americans.
Dual Army
The Continental Army ______ not supplant the militias, leading to an American "dual army".
complement
Militia used against enemy forces as well as _____ during the American Revolution.
loyalists
The dual army of the Americans led to a smaller scale style of ______ than was common of the time.
warfare
The Dual Army of the Americans also focused on _____ security.
internal
George Washington _____ professional soldiers.
appreciated
George Washington was _____ to militia.
adverse
George Washington hope to make the Continental Army _____ the British Army.
Mirror
Though he did not want to, George Washington found himself _____ on the militia
Relying
The _____ _____ of the American Army was basically the same as British Army-Farmers, tradesmen, mechanics, immigrants, deserters, POWs
social composition
The American Army was often from the _____ of society
bottom
The American Revolutionaries shouldered arms _____ as they felt freedom was an issue.
freely
_____ micromanaging the war was a was one of the major problems of American Army administration & logistics.
Congress
War objectives, size and composition of resources being _____ by Congress was another of the major problems of American Army administration & logistics.
micromanaged
Logistical support was one of the many problems facing the American ____ administration & logistics.
Army
Insufficient _____ resources plagued American Army administration and logistics.
Financial
_____ administration and transportation were some of the things the American Army were known for during the Revolution.
Inadequate
The Army being " _____, unfed, unclothed, & unsheltered". would describe the American Army during the revolutionary war.
unpaid
The Army being " unpaid, _____, unclothed, & unsheltered". would describe the American Army during the revolutionary war.
unfed
The Army being " unpaid, unfed, _____, & unsheltered". would describe the American Army during the revolutionary war.
unclothed
The Army being " unpaid, unfed, unclothed, & _____". would describe the American Army during the revolutionary war.
unsheltered
During the Northern campaigns of 1775, _____ _____ took Ft. Ticonderoga in May.
Ethan Allen
Besides Ticonderoga, Ethan Allen took _____ _____ in May of 1775 during the Northern campaigns of the Revolutionary war.
Crown Point
The British victory at _____ _____ came at a VERY high cost during the Northern campaigns of the American Revolution.
Bunker Hill
March of 1776 saw the forced evacuation of _____ Heights due to the captured 50 cannons that were earlier captured at Ft. Ticonderoga.
Dorchester
During the _____ campaigns of 1775, American BG Richard Montgomery took Montreal in November of 1775.
Northern
After taking Montreal in November, American BG _____ failed to take Quebec in December of 1775.
Montgomery
The Middle Atlantic campaigns of the American Revolution happened during which year
1776
During the Middle Atlantic campaigns, the _____ brothers took NYC.
Howe
During the Middle Atlantic campaigns, the _____ were defeated in Brooklyn heights, Harlem heights, and White plains.
Americans
During the Middle Atlantic Campaigns, how many Americans fled through New Jersey after being routed from NYC
3,000
_____ stopped by naval victory at Valcour Island (Lake Chaplain) during the Middle Atlantic campaigns of 1776
Carleton
General George Washington crossed the Delaware River and captured 1000 Germans at the Battle of _____.
Trenton
After his victory at the Battle of Trenton, General Washington then advanced on ____, gaining victory there as well.
Princeton
General Washington was able to keep the Continental Army together due to his victories at _____ and _____.
Trenton\Princeton
General Washington assumed a strategic _____ after the Battles of Trenton and Princeton.
defensive
The main importance of the Battle of _____ was that General Washington was able to secure key victories and won by not loosing the Army at a critical juncture.
Trenton
After Trenton, General Washington was able to fight when conditions were _____.
advantageous
During the three part plan of the British campaign of 1777, Howe was sent from NYC to Albany but went to _____ instead. He defeated General Washington there and captured the city.
Philadelphia
St. Leger was also sent to Albany under the three part plan of the British campaign of 1777, but decided to stop at Ft._____ first.
Stanwix
_____ was sent from Montreal to Albany and was the only commander to actually make it there without delay during the three part plan of the British campaign of 1777.
Burgoyne
Due to the delay and absence of the other two prongs of attack, Burgoyne was defeated and captured at _____ during the British campaign of 1777.
Saratoga
The defeat of Burgoyne at Saratoga cost the British _____ men.
8,000
The British defeat at Saratoga in 1777 convinces the _____ to join the war.
French
The British Southern strategy included coordinated mainland and _____ strategies.
Caribbean
LTC Cambell took _____ in 1778 as part of the British Southern strategy.
Savannah
GN _____ took Charleston in 1780 as part of the British Southern strategy.
Clinton
_____ replaced GN Clinton & established interior posts in SC as part of the British _____ strategy.
Cornwallis\Southern
The Yorktown campaign took place during what year
1781
MG _____ was sent to Virginia during the Yorktown campaign.
Lafayette
Cornwallis fortified Yorktown during the _____ campaign in 1781
Yorktown
Comte de Grasse & the _____ _____ blockaded Yorktown during the 1781 Yorktown campaign
French Fleet
George Washington and _____ besieged Yorktown in 1781.
Rochambeau
On October 9, 1781 _____ surrendered.
Cornwallis
The British loosing entire _____ at Saratoga and Yorktown led the British to end the war against the Americans.
Armies
Another reason the British decided to end hostilities against the Americans was the continuing war in the _____.
Caribbean
The _____ besieging Minorca and the _____ besieging Gibralter pressured the British to end the war against the Americans.
France\Spanish
_____ broke the British Parliament's will to continue fighting.
Yorktown
After the American revolution, the US got the land ____ of the Mississippi.
east
After the American revolution, the US won the right to _____ the Mississippi River.
navigate
All American states had a State navy with the exception of _____ and _____.
NJ\Del
Licensed Privateers was one of the four _____ the Americans used during the Revolution.
navies
_____ Navy was the type of navy used at the Siege of Boston.
Private
The _____ navy only had 5 ships by 1780.
Continental
The Privateer navy captured ___ ships for the Americans during the Revolution
500
The American Privateer navy numbered around _____.
1,500
The War lasting from 1688-1697
King Williams War
What was King Williams War known a s in Europe
War of the League of Augsburg
Who was the winner of the King Williams war
British
The War lasting from 1701-1713
Queen Annes War
Queen Annes War was also known in Europe as
War of Spanish Succession
Who was the winner of Queen Annes War
British
The War lasting from 1740-1748
King Georges War
What was King Georges War known as in Euope
War of Austrian Succession
Who was the winner of King Georges War
British
The War lasting from 1756-1763
French and Indian War
What was the French & Indian War known as in Europe
Seven Years War
Who was the winner of the French and Indian War
British
War from 1775-1783
American Revolution
What was the American Revolution known as in Europe
Wars of the American Revolution
Who were the winners of the American Revolution
French\U.S.
What was the name of the war lasting from 1793-1815
War of 1812
What was the War of 1812 known as in Europe
French Revolution \ Napoleonic War
Who were the winners of the War of 1812
British over French
British\U.S. Draw
The Battle of Lexington, MA in 1775 was won by the
British
LTC Francis _____ was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Lexington, MA in 1775
Smith
CPT John _____was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Lexington, MA in 1775
Parker
Who won the Battle of Concord, MA in 1775
Americans
COL James _____ was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Concord, MA 1775
Barret
LTC Francis _____ was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Concord, MA 1775
Smith
Who won the Battle of Bunker (Breed's) Hill, MA in 1775
British
The British Commanding Officer at the battle of Bunker (Breed's) Hill, MA 1775
MG William Howe
The American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Bunker (Breed's) Hill, MA 1775 was COL ____ _____
William Prescott
Who won the Battle of Quebec, Canada in 1775
British
LTG Guy _____ was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Quebec, Canada 1775
Carleton
Who was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Quebec, Canada 1775
BG Richard Montgomery
Who won the Battle of New York City, NY in 1776
British
LTG William _____ was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of New York City, NY in 1776
Howe
Who was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of New York City, Ny in 1776
GEN George Washington
Who won the Battle of Trenton, NJ 1776
Americans
Who was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Trenton, NJ 1776
COL Johan von Rall
Who was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Trenton, NJ 1776
GEN George Washington
Who won the Battle of Princeton, NJ 1777
Americans
MG Charles _____ was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Princeton, NJ 1777
Cornwallis
Who was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Princeton, NJ 1777
GEN George Washington
Who won the Battle of Brandywine, PA in 1777
British
LTG William _____ was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Brandywine, PA 1777
Howe
Who was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Brandywine, PA 1777
GEN George Washington
Who won the Battle of Ft. Stanwix, NY in 1777
Americans
Who was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Ft. Stanwix, NY 1777
COL Barry St. Leger
Who was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Ft. Stanwix, NY 1777
BG Nicholas Herkimer
Who won the Battle of Saratoga, NY in 1777
Americans
Who was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Saratoga, NY 1777
LTG John Burgoyne
MG Horatio _____ was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Saratoga, NY 1777
Gates
Who won the Battle of Monmouth, NJ in 1778
British
LTG Henry _____ was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Monmouth, NJ 1778
Clinton
GEN George _____ was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Monmouth, NJ 1778
Washington
Who won the Battle at the Mississippi River, IN in 1778
Americans
COL Henry _____ was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle on the Mississippi River, IN 1778
Hamilton
Who was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle on the Mississippi River, IN 1778
COL George Rogers Clark
Who won the Battle of Savannah, GA in 1778
British
LTC Archibald _____ was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Savannah, GA in 1778
Campbell
Who was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Savannah, GA in 1778
BG Robert Howe
Who won the Battle of Charleston, SC in 1780
British
Who was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Charleston, SC 1780
LTG Henry Clinton
Who was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Charleston, SC 1780
MG Benjamin Lincoln
Who won the Battle of Camden, SC in 1780
British
Who was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Camden, SC 1780
LTG Charles Cornwallis
MG Horatio _____ was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Camden, SC 1780
Gates
Who won the Battle at Kings Mountain, SC 1780
Americans
Who was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Kings Mountain, SC 1780
COL Patrick Ferguson
Who was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Kings Mountain, SC 1780
BG Daniel Morgan
Who won the Battle at Cowpens, SC in 1781
Americans
Who was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Cowpens, SC 1781
LTG Charles Cornwallis
Who was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Cowpens, SC 1781
MG Nathaniel Greene
Who won the Battle at Yorktown, VA 1781
Americans
Who was the British Commanding Officer at the Battle of Yorktown, VA 1781
LTG Charles Cornwallis
Who was the American Commanding Officer at the Battle of Yorktown, VA 1781
GEN George Washington