History 111

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Facism

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authoritarian nationalist political ideologies or mass movements that are concerned with notions of cultural decline or decadence and seek to achieve a millenarian national rebirth by exalting the nation or race, and promoting cults of unity, strength and purity

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Mussolini

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was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism.

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Hitler

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Creator of the Nazi Party, lead the third Riech in Germany

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Mien Kampf

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Hitler's book

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Nazi Party

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was a political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945. It was known as the German Workers' Party (DAP) before the name was changed in 1920.

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The Diktat

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German's word for what other countries said about thier role in WWI

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War guilt clause

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Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles (1919) in which Germany was forced to take complete responsibility for starting World War I. The United Kingdom and France played the primary role in the article, while the United States played a lesser role, mostly due to President Woodrow Wilson's principle of "peace without victory"

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reparations

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Pay back for WWI

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Stab in the back theory

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?

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lesbensraum

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served as a major motivation for Nazi Germany's territorial aggression

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the final solution

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the birth of internment camps

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holocuast

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the murdering of millions of jewish people

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Stalin

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USSR member of the big 3, Russia's leader in WWII

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totalitarianism

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is a concept used to describe political systems where a state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private life

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Nazi-Soviet Pact

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renounced warfare between the two countries (Germany, USSR) and pledged neutrality by either party if the other were attacked by a third party. Each signatory promised not to join any grouping of powers that was “directly or indirectly aimed at the other party”

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Blitzkrieg

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is a popular name for an offensive operational-level military doctrine which involves an initial bombardment followed by the employment of motorized mobile forces attacking with speed and surprise to prevent an enemy from implementing a coherent defense.

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Pearl Harbor (12/7/41)

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Japanese comikazies bomb Hawian base

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Battles of stalengrad and midway

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turining points in WWII

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island hopping

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was an important military strategy in the Pacific Theater of World War II. The strategy employed by the Allies of World War II Combined Chiefs of Staff, beginning with Operation Cartwheel, was to bypass heavily fortified Japanese positions and instead concentrate the limited Allied resources on strategically important islands that were not well defended but capable of supporting the drive to the main islands of Japan.

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the bomb

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the atomic bomb

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The "Big Three"

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Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill

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Yalta Confrence

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was the wartime meeting from 4 February 1945 to 11 February 1945 between the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Premier of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin, respectively.

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Potsdam Confrence

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The three nations were represented by Communist Party General Secretary Joseph Stalin, Prime Minister Winston Churchill[1] and later Clement Attlee[2], and President Harry S Truman.

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Containment

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Its policy was to stop what is called the domino effect of nations moving politically towards Soviet Union-based communism, rather than European-American-based capitalism.

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George Kennan

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the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. He later wrote standard histories of the relations between Russia and the Western powers.

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iron curtian

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was the symbolic, ideological, and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II until the end of the Cold War,

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Truman Doctrine

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It stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey economically and militarily to prevent their falling under Soviet control. Truman called upon the U.S. to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures

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Marshall Plan

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officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger foundation for the allied countries of Europe, and repelling communism after World War II.

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berlin blockade

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was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post-World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the three Western powers' railroad and street access to the western sectors of Berlin that they had been controlling

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Berlin Airlift

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supply of vital necessities to West Berlin by air transport primarily under U.S. auspices.

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NATO

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is a military alliance established by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949.

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Warsaw Pact

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was an organization of communist states in Central and Eastern Europe.

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Berlin Wall

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was a barrier separating West Berlin from East Berlin and the rest of East Germany

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McCarthyism

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is a term describing the intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States in a period that lasted roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s.

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korean War

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in a narrow sense, an escalation of border clashes between two rival Korean regimes,

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Khrushchev

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served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, following the death of Joseph Stalin, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. He was responsible for the De-Stalinization of the USSR, as well as several liberal reforms ranging from agriculture to foreign policy.

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U-2 incident

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occurred during the Cold War on May 1, 1960 when an American U–2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. At first, the United States government denied the plane's purpose and mission, but was forced to admit its role as a covert surveillance aircraft when the Soviet government produced its remains (largely intact) and surviving pilot, Gary Powers.

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Bay of Pigs

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an unsuccessful April 12 1961 United States CIA-backed invasion by 1,200 Cuban exiles and a number of American citizens formed into Brigade 2506 — whom many people believe was directed by President John F. Kennedy — in an attempt to overthrow the government of President Fidel Castro.

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Cuban Missile Crisis

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was a confrontation between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba during the Cold War.

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CIA

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is a civilian intelligence agency. Its primary function is collecting and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and persons in order to advise public policymakers.

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covert operations

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is a military or political activity carried out in such a way that the parties responsible for the action can be an open secret, but cannot be proved.

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Space Race

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was a competition of space exploration between the Soviet Union and the United States, which lasted roughly from 1957 to 1975. It involved the efforts to explore outer space with artificial satellites, to send humans into space, and to land people on the Moon.

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Apollo Mission

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was a human spaceflight program undertaken by NASA during the years 1961 – 1975 with the goal of conducting manned moon landing missions.

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the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

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was addressed by Lyndon B. Johnson as a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia. The Johnson administration subsequently cited the resolution as legal authority for its rapid escalation of U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam conflict.[1

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Kent State

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involved the shooting of students by members of the Ohio National Guard on Monday, May 4, 1970. Four students were killed and nine others were wounded, one of whom suffered permanent paralysis.[5]

Some of the students who were shot had been protesting against the American invasion of Cambodia, which President Richard Nixon announced in a television address on April 30. However, other students who were shot had merely been walking nearby or observing the protest from a distance.

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Gorbachov

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s a Russian politician. He was the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the last head of state of the USSR, serving from 1985 until its collapse in 1991.

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Glasnost

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is the policy of maximal publicity, openness, and transparency in the activities of all government institutions in the Soviet Union, together with freedom of information, introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev.

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Perestroika

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Its literal meaning is "restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the Soviet economy.

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affluent society

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The book sought to clearly outline the manner in which the post-World War II America was becoming wealthy in the private sector but remained poor in the public sector,

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levitt towns

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was an American feminist, activist and writer, best known for starting what is commonly known as the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book The Feminine Mystique.[1]

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the beats

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newspaper writters

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Jack Kerouac

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was an American novelist, writer, poet, and artist from Lowell, Massachusetts. Along with William S. Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg, he is amongst the best known of the writers (and friends) known as the Beat Generation.

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silent spring

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a book written by Rachel Carson and published by Houghton Mifflin in September 1962. The book is widely credited with helping launch the environmental movement.[1]

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Tet offensive

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was a military campaign conducted between 30 January and 23 September 1968, by communist forces of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (aka Viet Cong) and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) against the forces of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), the United States (U.S.), and their allies during the Vietnam War. The purpose of the offensive was to strike military and civilian command and control centers throughout the South Vietnam and to spark a general uprising among the population that would then topple the Saigon government, thus ending the war in a single blow

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AIM

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Indian organization

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UFW

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migrant worker union

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Stonewall incedent

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were a series of violent conflicts between LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) individuals and New York City police officers that began during a 28 June 1969 police raid, and lasted several days.

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School vouchers

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is a certificate issued by the government by which parents can pay for the education of their children at a school of their choice, rather than the public school (UK state school) to which they are assigned.

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Social permotion

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s the practice of promoting a student (usually a general education student, rather than a special education student) to the next grade despite their low achievement in order to keep them with social peers.

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NEA

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is a United States federally funded and donation assisted program that offers support and funding for projects exhibiting artistic excellence. It was created by an act of the U.S. Congress in 1965 as an independent agency of the federal government. Its current chairman is the poet and former CEO Dana Gioia and it has its offices in the Old Post Office building, in Washington, D.C.

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FDIC

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is a United States government corporation created by the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933. It provides deposit insurance which currently guarantees checking and savings deposits in member banks up to $100,000 per depositor. The vast number of bank failures in the Great Depression spurred the United States Congress into creating an institution which would guarantee deposits held by commercial banks, inspired by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and its Depositors Insurance Fund (DIF).