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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Louis XVI |
Well-meaning but ineffectual king of France, finally deposed and executed during French Revolution |
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Estates General |
Representative body of 3 states in France. Summoned in 1789 for first time since 1614 because it was believed to be the only solution to France's economic crisis |
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Abbe Sieyes |
Politician, writer; representative of third estate- assisted in Napoleons seizure of power |
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Third Estate |
Commoners- bulk of population |
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Enclosure |
Process of privatizing agricultural land in the 18th century; pushed people to cities in early industrialization |
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Spinning Jenny |
James Hargreaves (1720-1774) that revolutionized British textile industry; helped spinning more efficient |
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Cotton Gin |
Eli Whitney; separated cotton seeds from fibers; made slave owning profitable |
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Population Growth |
19th century population growth; increased size of average family; highest in Britain and Germany |
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Peasantry |
Rural populations living from agriculture; some peasants were free, others serfs |
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Urban Populations |
Overcrowded/unhealthy |
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Reign of Terror |
This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were executed |
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Jacobins |
Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794. |
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Haitian Revolution |
a successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection that took place in the former French colony of Saint-Domingue that lasted from 1791 until 1804. It affected the institution of slavery throughout the Americas. |
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Irish Potato Famine |
Period of agriculture blight from 1845-49; starvation/immigration to America |
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Tennis Court Oath |
Oath taken by representatives of third estate in 1789, pledged to form a National Assembly and write a constitution to limit the king |
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Thomas Malthus |
Believed that humans would over populate and run out of food in the future; essay on the principle of population; English clerix |
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Bastille |
Royal fortress/prison in Paris; stormed in 1789 to support National Assembly; fall showed the first revolutionary change in France |
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Great Fear |
Following the revolution in Paris, peasants and villagers scared of royal troops invading organized into militias while others burned houses to destroy records of manorial dues |
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October Days |
The harvest of 1789 had been poor, and France was in debt. On October 5, 1789 crowds of Parisian women met at City Hall to demand bread and when they were refused marched the 12 miles to Versailles to confront the royal family. |
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Slave Revolt in Saint Domingue |
After 12 years of upheavals, war, carnage and betrayals, the revolution which broke open in 1791 in Saint-Domingue finally succeeded in abolishing slavery and achieved independence in Haiti. This revolution was the consequence and the prolongation of the French Revolution. |
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen |
1789; French charter of liberties formulated by the National Assembly during French Revolution; became preamble to next constitution |
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Civil Constitution of the Clergy |
Under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, issued in 1790, bishops and priests became elected, salaried officials. The Civil Constitution ended papal authority over the French Church and dissolved convents and monasteries. Many bishops and priests refused to accept it, and the pope condemned it. When the government punished clergy who refused to support it, a huge gulf opened between revolutionaries in Paris and the peasantry in the provinces. |
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Jacobins |
jacobins Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794. |
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National Convention |
September 1792, Jacobin leaders, ordered that French Generals should dissolve the old governments, confiscate gov't and church property, abolish titles, hunting rights and seigneurial dues, and set up provisional administrations |
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Great Britain was had a fortunate combination of natural, economic, and cultural resources. It was a small, isolated island with control of important ocean paths. It had ample supply of coal, rivers, and well-developed canal system. Britains parliament also had less restrictions on the economy than other countries, allowing factories to grow. |
Why was Britain the first Country to Industrialize? |
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Increase in population and urbanization. It created a new working class including men, women, and children. The standard of living in Britain, the U.S. and Germany grew higher. Cities grew at fast paces due to urbanization- led to lack of housing, poor sanitation, and poverty. Capitalism, socialism, and communism spread across the leading industrial nations. |
Changes associated with the Industrial Revolution |
