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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which was richer agriculturally in the north or south (britain)
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south
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What contributed to the Population Growth in Britain during the Indust. Rev even though people were emigrating from England to N.A. (5things)
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Decline in Morality
(better eating, substitution of wheat, higher standards of cleanliness, towns paved/sewer systems put in, increase of knowledge of medicine) |
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Taking open public land and closing it off, now saying its private territory
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enclosure
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T or F: The British in the North needed more people to work on farms because they weren't as agriculturally advanced as those in the South.
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False (they were beginning to get higher yields by experimenting and producing more crop with fewer people)
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T or F: There would not have been an industrial revolution had there not been an agricultural revolution.
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True. Increase in agriculture productivity lead to less need for jobs, so those people found industrial jobs
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What is the relationship between the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution?
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The aristocracy/nobility lead both
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What 2 things lead to the increase in capital?
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Credit Markers were built
Cost of interest rates (borrowing money) decreased |
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What was established in 1694 in Britain?
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Bank of England (source of national capital)
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What did banks bond in Britain?
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The industrial North and agricultural South
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Entrepreneurship included the coordination of what 3 things in Britain?
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land, capital, labor
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Why was it difficult to go from working in agriculture to industrial work?
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wanted to work at home and set their own terms, not used to the labor market/being part of a central unit
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What were the 4 areas of inventions and innovations
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Agricultural, Iron Industry, Steam Engine, Textiles, Ceramics, Canal building/railroads
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What did agricultural inventions improve?
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soil cultivation, machines, breeding of cattle
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What was big in the Iron Industry?
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The invention of the cort technique (to get the carbon out) *iron production could now be done away from wooded areas, better quality iron
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Steam engine invented by?
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Thomas Newcomer
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What did the steam engine do?
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Allowed you to get water out of the mine by building up steam so you could dig holes
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Who invented a lighter, mobile, more efficient steam engine?
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James Watt
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Textile machine that could spin as many as 80 threads at once (one woman one machine)
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The jenny
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Where were textiles manufactured?
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Manchester/Cottonopolis
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What machine could spin textiles at a greater speed than the original?
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Arkwright and kay FRAME
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What was a combination of the first 2 textile machines, which included one person tending several machines at once
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The Mule
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What was significant about the textile industry
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Had more of a political context, Indians had their own elaborate textile mills industry
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Family name associated with Ceramics?
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Wedgewood (china)
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What lead to a rise in the ceramics industry in Britain?
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a taste for tea and coffee
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A mobile steam engine was a natural extension of what?
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Railroad
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Everyone was used to working as a _ and now they are to work as a _
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family unit/ entrepreneur
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What effect did the scientific revolution and enlightenment have on the Indust. Rev?
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People were inspired by the notion of progress to make innovations and risk capital for the future
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What was amazing about the Industrial Revolution in terms of change and reform?
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Change and reform happened without a revolution(without overthrowing the political system)
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The settlement of 1815 was aka?
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vienna settlement
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The settlement of 1815 was meant to?
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Balance the power b/t European states, so that no one state dominated, which France did during the Revolution.
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Which 4 states were part of the Congress of Vienna?
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Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria
(Prussia and Austria-germanic, Russia-slavic) |
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What are the principles set up by Metternich that people should obey so that France or Russia won't be too strong? (3)
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Equilibrium-balance of power
Legitimacy- put legit leaders back on throne Compensation- if you get this piece of land, i get this |
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What was the Polish Saxon Settlement about?
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It was an argument between Russia and Prussia over lands
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What agreement gave 2/3 of Saxon territory to Prussia and the rest as an independent territory (Saxony)
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Polish Saxon Agreement
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Charter of 1814 gave everything gained by _ to the French people.
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Lower estates
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The Charter of 1814 didn't determine what?
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Where the power lied (monarch or parliament?)
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Who was King at the time of The Charter of 1814?
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King Loui XVIII (FRANCE)
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Who succeeded King Louis XVIII
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Charles X
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Which French King became an absolute monarch who wanted to take away property and other rights?
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Charlex X
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What came out of the July Ordinances?
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New electoral system and censorship on the press
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Who came to power of France after Charles X? What was established?
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The Duke of Orleans/ The July Monarchy(Bourgeoisie Monarchy)
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What were the 2 levels of the Bourgeoisie in France? (Louis Philippe)
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Haute (upper) and Petite (lower middle class)
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Who was the leader of the July Monarchy?
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Francois Guizot
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What were the problems with the July Monarchy?
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1. Too little/much censorship on press
2. Industrialization came too quickly/put people off course 3. Laisse-faire attitude.. didn't help economy |
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T or F: Britain was looser with religion and used the Church as a way of supporting the Crown.
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True
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George III is from where?
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Britain
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Alexander I is from where?
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Russia
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Klemens von Metternich is from?
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Austria
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Karl August von Hardenberg is from?
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Prussia
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Metternich stands for?
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Conservatism
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What kind of people were against Metternich?
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Ethnic forces, wanted to use their own language, he tried to keep them down, which he did but the pressure on them exploded in 18
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What was created by Congress of Vienna which included 38 states?
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The Germanic Confederation (control individual German states with spies watching over)
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Who were the 2 liberal reformers in Prussia?
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Heinrich von Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg
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What did the 2 liberal Prussia reformers do?
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Develop Prussian patriotism, abolished class distinctions, reform education system
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What did Wilhelm von Humboldt and Gerhard von Scharnhorst do for Prussia?
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They reformed the army and opened the door to aristocrat talents, instituted a draft
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What 2 groups of people were involved in the Prussian reform movement?
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Liberalists and nationalists
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What did the Burschenschaften do?
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They were student fraternities who wanted to open the market to free trade and rid barriers between states
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Who was the leader of the Burschenschaften? What did he do?
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Turnvater Jahn, brought about physical generation of youth (Prior Hitler)
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What were the carlsbad decrees?
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Metternich's way of cracking down to make sure the liberals/nationals didn't go far (rid of the Burschenschaften, press control)
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Where did Industrialization take place in Germany?
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in the west/by Rhineland River
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What things came about through the German Industrialization period?
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Revival of guilds
Rise of new factory system |
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Biggest name in steel/arms manufacturing in Germany
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Krupp
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What was a big problem in Germany during the Indust. era?
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people had to pay a tax to cross the borders, not good for econom. development
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Zollverein was?
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customs union (germany/anyone who belongs doesnt have to pay the toll from crossing borders/most german states included)
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T or F Germany was not fully industrialized
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True
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What was the Risorgimento?
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Movement for Italian unification
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What was the liberal group in Italy called, and who was the leader who wanted Italy to be a united Republic?
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Young Italy, Giuseppe Mazzini
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Who was the conservative group in Italy called and who lead it?
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Papacy, Neo-Guelphs, federation under the Church, thought Mazzini was too radical
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Who was the leader of the moderate group? What did he want?
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Camillo di Cavour, economic unity before political, wanted a constitutional monarchy, unification in distant future
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What does Metternich refer to Italy as?
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A geographic expression
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2 parties in Britain, who was conservative?
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Tories (conserv) Whigs (liberal)
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Where did the Economic Depression come from in 1815 in Great Britain?
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Grain/corn market went bad
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What did the Corn Law of 1815 say?
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Not allowed to import foreign grain until the Price of British grain rose above a specified level
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Who did the Corn Law favor?
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Large land owners/conservatives, hurt manufacturers and everyone not in agr.(to change corn laws-get whigs in house)
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Bills proposed by the Whigs that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system (granted house seats to larger cities, increased number of indiv entitled to vote)
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Reform Bill of 1832
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Who were John Bright and Richard Cobden?
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in the Anti-Corn law league
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Thought that if corn law was kept a revolution would arise
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Robert Peel
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Social question?
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How do we deal with the social problems the industrial revolution has created?
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Who was the first socialist?
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Babeuf (change how we own property)
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Socialists- just a dream/figment of imagination
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Utopian socialists
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Came up with the idea of classes instead of estates, the smartest shape society, there shouldnt constantly be progress
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Henri de Saint-Simon
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Came up with the idea that if the environment was changed, man is good but bad organization/environment/ man filled with passions/emotions vary in jobs= dif passions satisfied
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Charles Fourier
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Socialist who ran things like a feudal lord,wanted control over everything like who gets to come into country
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Robert Owen (British)
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Problem with utopian socialists
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cant change society by a matter of will, no realistic idea of human beings
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Who thought that Society is an evolving thing/all society is determined by material conditions of life (geography/soil)
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Karl Marx (key to human history is economics)
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5 points in the communist manifesto
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1Materialist History; Base and
2Surplus Value theory of labor 3Class Struggle 4Social Character of the Modern World 5Bourgeoisie as Revolutionaries |
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What does superstructure include? Base?
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super- law/politics/science/culture
base- material resources/technology both = forces of production |
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What is the surplous value theory of labor?
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if someone is paid $10 but the manufacturer is making $20 off of their work, then they are stealing from the worker
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Class struggle b/t who?
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slaves/slaveowners, feudal lords/serfs/ bourgeoisie/proletarians (industrial workers-ones left and no one to go against them)
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