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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes a sovereignty? 4 things
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1. coercion -use of force
2. taxation 3. administrative -control of public life 4. law making |
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What did a representative institution claim share of? example?
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legislative power ex assemblies
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European social structure: everyone belonged to a group what were these groups called?
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estates
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what were the three estates
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1. clergy
2. nobility 3.everyone else "the third estate" |
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Did france have a constitutional or absolute monarchy?
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asolute-absolutism
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two theories of absolutism?
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divine right theory, security theory
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theory that god appointed someone special to be his keeper
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divine right theory
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theory based on holding society together
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security theory
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who was known as the son king
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Louis XIV
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what does remonstrate mean?
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to criticize
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Who did King Louis XIV appoint and what were they?
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Intendants..regional representatives
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why did louis xiv bring noblemen out to versailles
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to test them.. make them act socially not politically
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what was gabelle?
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salt tax
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Did Louis XIV increase the amount of power the ruler was allowed over the state aka sovereignty?
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YES
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Who was Louis XIV successor?
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Noble Orlean (reversed what Louis did)
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what kind of monarchy was in Brandenburg and Prussia (eastern europe)
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absolute
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where was brand and prussia
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northern german territory
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junkers
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group of nobles, extremely powerful
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serf
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belonged to land not a property of the owner
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who fought and won in the 30yrs war?
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catholics and protestants, both agreed to stop fighting no winner
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Who was the leader of Prussia?
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Frederick William
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Who was known as the Great Elector (to the holy roman empire)?
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Frederick William
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What was the deal between the nobility and Frederick William?
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That the nobility could tax commoners, exploit serfs without being checked up on by Frederick
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What was landrate? What were the roles of the landrate?
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"king's men" they made sure taxes were collected and laws were followed
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Who was the father of the Prussian military
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Frederick William I
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centralization of Prussia advanced under who?
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Frederick William -never used the army
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Part of European Enlightenment, increased loyalty toward Prussia, not just to ones own village.. Who?
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Frederick II
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What crisis was going on at the time of Frederick II's reign?
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Austrian-Habsburg- Maria Theresa-woman monarch..issue over power struggle.. war of austrian succession..seize hapsburg province silesia.
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What kind of absolutism was present in Prussia under Frederick II?
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Bureaucratic Absolutism
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T or F: Frederick II was a very absolute monarch?
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True
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What was the legal framework for Prussians..state doctrines of equality?
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Prussian General Code
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Who was a bureaucratic militaristic state?
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Prussia
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What kind of monarch did the British have?
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Constitutional monarch
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2 parts to the english nobility?
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Land... Taxes, local govt and social mobility
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What kind of land took up England?
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Large landed estates (where the lords, kings, and nobility came from)
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What was a rentier
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someone who gains money by renting out
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Who had local power in England?
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people with big land estates..could be local wealthy elites
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Could non-heriditary people obtain titles in England?
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Yes.. knights got the title of sir
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What is primogenitureship?
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estate always goes to first born male
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What did strict settlement include.. or allow families to do?
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prevent predators from taking over their land
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T or F: the English upper class saw it fit to only tax the lower class?
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False, willing to tax themselves
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T or F: the english upper class demanded the right to control things locally?
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True
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Poor raise
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local welfare assistance
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what did nouveaux richels mean?
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new money ex bill gates
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Social mobility was much greater in France or England?
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England: easier to work way up
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Glorious revolution with a constitutional monarchy was under?
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William and Mariam
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What was the religion in england at the time of William and Mariam
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anglicanism (catholicism not tolerated)
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In England it was common to take people from the middle class and give them prestigious postitions like head of military T OR F?
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True
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Who had the power to make laws and raise taxes in England?
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Parliament
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Pocket Bureaus?
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Doesn't have to ask anybody, belongs to me
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Two parties in England?
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Tories and Whigs
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Tories were ? Whigs were?
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Tories-conservative: no change, Whigs-liberal, wanted change, to develop cities
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French was a ? monarchy and England was a ?monarchy?
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French-absolute, England-constitutional
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When was the Scientific Revolution?
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1500-1700
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Who started and ended the time of the scientific revolution
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Copernicus to Newton
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What came first..Scientific revolution or enlightenment?
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Scientific revolution
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What time period portrayed people in nature as they really are?
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Italian Renaissance
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What did the protestant reformation involve..challenge to?
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Catholicism ex martin luther
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Rise of what and what during the Scientific Revoltuion?
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state and commerical capitalism
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a mechanical world involved
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matter and motion
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what is the study of the universe
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cosmology
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Who came first Aristotle or Ptolemy?
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Aristotle
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Who believed it was in the "nature of things" to move
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Aristotle
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What are the two groups of nature that Aristotle categorized objects in? What are the aspects of nature in each group? 4things
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Levity-fire and air
Gravity- |
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Aether meant? and Quintescent (5th element) meant?
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Aether meant do nothing,
Quint-the core, the key,whats right |
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Who believed in the geocentric system?
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Aristotle
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What did the geocentric system involve?
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Earth is at the center, all planets circling around it
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Who believed in Epicycles?
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Ptolemy
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What are epicycles?
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cycle within a cycle (all designed to save the circle which was a holy object)
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T or F: Aristotle and Ptolemy were a part of the scientific revolution?
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False, didnt start til Copernicus
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Who was known as the Renaissance man?
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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Who believed in the helocentric universe and what does that mean?
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Copernicus and sun is the center
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What was the importance of 1543?
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The book "On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres" was published when Copernicus died
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Who came after Copernicus?
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Tycho Brahe
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Who was the greatest astronomical observer of all time?
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Tycho Brahe
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Who came after Tycho Brahe?
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Johannes Kepler
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What 3 things did Kepler come up with?
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1. planets move around in an elipse
2. planets velocity vary as they move around 3. r3/t2 =K |
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who came after Kepler?
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Galileo
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what 2 things did galileo discover about the moon?
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the moon has mountains, jupiter has moons revolving around.. saturn has tears (rings)
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who was known as the starry messenger, one of the inventors of the telescope
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Galileo
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Who came up with the idea that everything in the world is in motion and is made of atoms that are so slow we cant see it?
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Galileo
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Who had problems with the church for backing a certain planetary system (b/c it's always changing and weakening their authority)
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Galileo
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Who came after Galileo
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Newton
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Who wrote the mathematical principles of natural philosophy AND opticks?
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Newton
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The mathematical principles of natural philosophy was a combination of everything Newton took from everyone else, he just synthesized and mathematized it T OR F?
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True
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When did Enlightenment begin?
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1680s
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What is anarism and who believed in it?
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that christ was born a man not a godly figure, newton (couldnt talk about it publicly)
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Opticks had to do with what?
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lights, colors
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What are monochromatic colors and what did Newton say about them
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ROYGBIV.. and that all monochromatic colors mixed together would produce a white light (composite color)
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query?
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question
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