History 101--Test 2--Greeks & Romans

Front 1

Rule of society by the people.

Back 1

democracy

Front 2

Rule of society by one person.

Back 2

monarchy

Front 3

Society is governed by small, elite group whose status was inherited at birth.

Back 3

aristocracy

Front 4

Rule by elite, but status is determined by wealth.

Back 4

oligarchy

Front 5

What Greeks called all other peoples.

Back 5

Barbaros

Front 6

Greek independent city-states

Back 6

polis

Front 7

These people were ruled by a "mother goddess," women took part in recreational activities, great traders, highly sanitary, quality roads.

Back 7

Minoans

Front 8

A people of warrior society, ruled by a king. Worshiped a sky god who used a thunderbolt weapon.

Back 8

Myceneans

Front 9

This group enslaved people, turned into a military society, first totalitarian society in history, defective children were killed.

Back 9

Spartans

Front 10

State has total, unquestioned control over society.

Back 10

totalitarian

Front 11

Group ruled by an aristocracy, classes were unequal, their ruler was Draco.

Back 11

Athens

Front 12

Name of Draco's harsh law code.

Back 12

"Code Written in Blood"

Front 13

Appointed dictator of Athens for 1 year, he freed enslaved people, limited land one person could own, and encouraged trade.

Back 13

Solon

Front 14

He was the 2nd dictator of Athens for 1 year. He created the first participatory democracy, a legislature called "ecclesia," and a "Council of 500."

Back 14

Cleisthenes

Front 15

Greek colonies, ruled by Persia. They revolted, and asked Athens to help them.

Back 15

Ionia

Front 16

Persians attacked Athens. Athens won, and said this proved that free men fight better than slaves.

Back 16

Battle of Marathon

Front 17

Persia surrounded Spartans. Spartans groomed themselves for death, and fought until the last Spartan died.

Back 17

Battle of Thermopylae

Front 18

Athens defeated the Persians. This battle was a turning point in history, because if Persia had one, Greeks self-rule, citizenship, and scientific views of world would have been lost.

Back 18

Battle of Salamis

Front 19

Athenians founded this group of cities to ward against further Persian threat.

Back 19

Delian League

Front 20

This war is an example of fear causing a war. Fighting was between Athens and Sparta and lasted 30 years.

Back 20

Pelopponnesian War

Front 21

One who is too ambitious and proud. He tries to be equal to gods.

Back 21

hubris

Front 22

One who behaved overly ambitious sufers retribution.

Back 22

nemesis

Front 23

Word meaning "love for wisdom."

Back 23

philosophy

Front 24

Considered the Father of Philosophy, he said everything, at a basic level, was made of water.

Back 24

Thales

Front 25

Had an atomic theory--said everything was composed of atoms.

Back 25

Democritus

Front 26

He believed all in nature could be explained through mathematical relationships.

Back 26

Pythagoras

Front 27

He went down in history as a "mortar for the cause of truth." He questioned, "What is a good life?" and "What is justice?"

Back 27

Socrates

Front 28

Famous for his theory of "ideal forms," he said the soul could make contact with true beauty and goodness. He wrote "The Republic," which described his idea of a perfect government.

Back 28

Plato

Front 29

He rejected Plato's ideal forms. He said that if you wanted to understand something, you must study it. He founded all modern academic subjects, such as Biology, etc.

Back 29

Aristotle

Front 30

Macedonian king who reunited the Greeks.

Back 30

Phillip II

Front 31

Son of Phillip II, who was military genius. He led the Greeks in conquering all of the ancient world, and wanted "divine honors."

Back 31

Alexander the Great

Front 32

During this period, after Alexander's death, Greek ideas and thinking spread beyond just Greece.

Back 32

Hellenistic Period

Front 33

What Romans believed every man should aspire to, which means "grave, serious, and devoted to duty."

Back 33

"gravitas"

Front 34

Language of the Roman people, which is still used today by the Catholic church and in legal terms.

Back 34

Latin

Front 35

Cruel, war-like people who conquered and ruled Romans for 100 years. Romans absorbed their culture, which consisted of chariot racing, gladiatorial activities, Trojan dress, etc.

Back 35

Etruscans

Front 36

Savage, war-like people who burned down Rome and threatened their existense. Rome had to pay them to leave. This traumatic experience caused Romans to become obsessed by strength.

Back 36

Gauls

Front 37

Roman government cosisting of aristocratic Patricians and commoners called Plebians.

Back 37

The "Republic"

Front 38

Rome's executive, "presidential" figure

Back 38

The Consul

Front 39

Was composed of aristocrats who made laws and decisions.

Back 39

The Senate

Front 40

Productive people of Rome, who farmed and fought in armies.

Back 40

Plebeans

Front 41

Patrians, realizing how much they needed the Plebeans, were forced to create this office, which put in place someone who looked out for the common people's interests.

Back 41

Office of Tribune

Front 42

The one word the Tribune could walk in and say during unfair lawmaking, which means, "I forbid."

Back 42

Veto

Front 43

Wars between Carthage and Rome.

Back 43

Punic Wars

Front 44

Located in North America, very strong and expanding much as Rome was, war between Rome and this place was inevitable.

Back 44

Carthage

Front 45

Carthogenian commander.

Back 45

Hannibal

Front 46

2 brothers who made a last effort to revive the old Republic of Rome.

Back 46

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

Front 47

A soldier who devotes most of his lifetime fighting in the army.

Back 47

Professional soldier

Front 48

An army commander who became very powerful and named himself dictator of Rome for life.

Back 48

Julius Caesar

Front 49

He wrote about the very famous assassination of Julius Caesar in the Senate.

Back 49

Shakespeare

Front 50

A new emperor of Rome who claimed he had restored the Republic, although he had complete control of army and everything else.

Back 50

Octavian

Front 51

Means "Roman peace," this was the stable government Rome brought throughout the empire.

Back 51

"Pax Romana"