Historical Theology Final?

Front 1

1. 30 – The Church begins on__________, as recorded in Acts 2 [NB]

Back 1

the Day of Pentecost

Front 2

2. 49 – __________settles the Judaizer debate, emphasizing the fact that Gentile Christians are not obligated to keep the Mosaic Law. [NB]

Back 2

The Jerusalem Council

Front 3

3. 64 – fire ravages Rome. __________blames Christians and unleashes persecution.

Back 3

Emperor Nero

Front 4

4. 70 – _________destroys Jerusalem and its temple. Separation deepens between Christianity and Judaism.

Back 4

Titus

Front 5

5. ~95 – ___________ writes his First Epistle to the Corinthians, urging them to avoid schism and underscoring justification by faith. [NB]

Back 5

Clement of Rome

Front 6

6. ~100 – ___________, the last living Apostle, dies in Ephesus after having been exiled to Patmos. [NB]

Back 6

The Apostle John

Front 7

7. ~116 –________, bishop of Antioch, writes seven letters to various churches before being killed as a martyr in the Coliseum in Rome. [NB]

Back 7

Ignatius

Front 8

8. ~130 – _________dies; he was a disciple of the Apostle John and a Premillennialist. His writings, now lost, are partially recorded by Irenaeus and Eusebius of Caesarea. [NB]

Back 8

Papias

Front 9

9. ~130 – ___________ written by “Barnabas” (not the biblical Barnabas) in Alexandria, Egypt. It is characterized by an allegorical hermeneutic. Other important second-century writings include The Didache and The Shepherd of Hermas. [NB]

Back 9

The Epistle of Barnabas

Front 10

10. ~150 – ___________ writes his First Apology, advancing Christian efforts to address competing philosophies.

Back 10

Justin Martyr

Front 11

11. ~156– ________, an eighty-six-year-old bishop, inspires Christians to stand firm under opposition.

Back 11

Polycarp

Front 12

12. ~172 – _______dies. His most famous work, the ________, is the earliest known harmony of the four New Testament Gospels. [NB]

Back 12

Tatian, Diatessaron

Front 13

13. 177 – _________becomes bishop of Lyons and combats developing heresies within the Church.

Back 13

Irenaeus

Front 14

14. ~196 – Colorful and cantankerous __________begins writings that earn him the reputation of being the "Father of Latin Theology."

Back 14

Tertullian

Front 15

15. ~205 – The gifted North African _________begins writing. He headed a noted catechetical school in Alexandria. [A school he inherited from Clement of Alexandria.]

Back 15

Origen

Front 16

16. 251 – ________, bishop of Carthage, publishes his influential work Unity of the Church. He was martyred in 258.

Back 16

Cyprian

Front 17

17. 270 – _________gives away his possessions and begins life as a hermit, a key event in the development of Christian monasticism. [He was one of the first ascetics to go out into the wilderness (in Egypt). His biography, written by _________, helped to make monasticism popular among Christians, especially in the West.]

Back 17

Antony, Athanasius

Front 18

18. 303 – The tenth wave of anti-Christian persecution begins under _________. Many Christians gave their lives as martyrs. [NB]

Back 18

Diocletian

Front 19

19. 312 – ___________is converted after seeing a vision of the cross. He becomes a defender and advocate of the oppressed Christians.

Back 19

Constantine

Front 20

20. 325 – __________addresses debates perplexing the Church and defines the doctrine of who Jesus really was. [--namely, that He is of the same substance as the Father]

Back 20

The Council of Nicea

Front 21

21. 367 – __________ recognizes the New Testament Canon, listing the same books we have now. [Athanasias defended the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity throughout his entire lifetime, enduring multiple exiles for the stand he took.]

Back 21

Athanasius' Easter Letter

Front 22

22. 379 – _______dies. He, along with __________ and __________, defended Nicene orthodoxy in Asia Minor at a time when such was unpopular. Together, these three are known as the Cappadocian Fathers. [NB]

Back 22

Basil, Gregory of Nazianzus, Gregory of Nyssa

Front 23

23. 380 – ___________(“the Great”) declares Nicene Christianity to be the official religion of the Roman Empire. The next year he would convene the first Council of Constantinople, which dealt a final blow to Arianism. [NB]

Back 23

Emperor Theodosius I

Front 24

24. 385 – In Milan, __________ defies the Empress, helping establish the precedent of Church confrontation of the state when necessary to protect Christian teaching and oppose the state. [________was a major influence on Augustine through his preaching.]

Back 24

Bishop Ambrose

Front 25

25. 387 – __________ is converted. His writings became bedrock for the Middle Ages. The Confessions and City of God are still read by many.

Back 25

Augustine of Hippo

Front 26

26. 398 – ___________, the "golden tongued" preacher is made bishop of Constantinople and leads from there amidst continuing controversies.

Back 26

John Chrysostom

Front 27

27. 405 – _________completes the Latin "Vulgate" version of the Bible that becomes the standard for the next one thousand years.

Back 27

Jerome

Front 28

28. 432 – ___________goes as a missionary to Ireland—taken there as a teenager as a slave. He returns and leads multitudes of Irish people to the Christian faith.

Back 28

Patrick

Front 29

29. 440 –___________ (“the Great”) becomes bishop of Rome. ________did much to consolidate Rome’s political and theological authority. His Tome was instrumental in resolving the Christological debate at Chalcedon. [NB]

Back 29

Leo I

Front 30

30. 451 –_____________ confirms orthodox teaching that Jesus was truly God and truly man and existed in one person. [Nestorianism and Eutychianism are both denounced as heresies.]

Back 30

The Council of Chalcedon

Front 31

31. 476 – This is the date that most historians ascribe to the__________ (the western half of the Roman Empire), due to the invasion of ______________. [NB]

Back 31

fall of Rome, barbarian tribes

Front 32

32. 529 – ___________establishes his monastic order. His “rule” becomes the most influential for centuries of monasticism in the West.

Back 32

Benedict of Nursia

Front 33

33. 553 – ___________ (“the Great”) convenes the Second Council of Constantinople in order to resolve the monophysite/dyophisite controversy. [NB]

Back 33

Emperor Justinian I

Front 34

34. 563 – __________goes as a missionary to Scotland. He establishes the legendary monastic mission center at Iona. [________had been trained in Ireland; he left there to become a missionary to the “Picts”—the natives of Scotland.]

Back 34

Columba

Front 35

35. 590 – __________becomes Pope _________, known as "the Great." His leadership significantly advances the development of the papacy and has enormous influence on Europe.

Back 35

Gregory, Gregory I

Front 36

36. 597 – __________brings Christianity to the Anglo-Saxons of England. [NB]

Back 36

Augustine of Canterbury

Front 37

37. 632 – ___________dies in Arabia after founding a new, heretical religion: Islam. [NB]

Back 37

Muhammad

Front 38

38. 716 – ________, the "Apostle of Germany," sets out as a missionary to bring the gospel to pagan lands. [He was influential in extending Christianity throughout the Frankish kingdom to other Germanic tribes.]

Back 38

Boniface

Front 39

39. 731 – The "Venerable" ___________completes his careful and influential Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation. [For his work, he became known as “The Father of English History.” Much of what we know about Augustine of Canterbury and other missionaries comes from Bede.]

Back 39

Bede

Front 40

40. 732 – At __________, _________ turns back the Muslim invasion of Europe.

Back 40

the Battle of Tours, Charles Martel

Front 41

41. 781 – A ________ dating back to 781 indicates the presence of a strong Christian contingency in China during the __________. [NB]

Back 41

stone stele, Tang dynasty

Front 42

42. 787– _______, the widow of _________, organized _________which authorized the use of religious icons in both the Western and Eastern Church. [NB]

Back 42

Irene, Emperor Leo IV, the Second Council of Nicea

Front 43

43. 800 – __________crowned emperor by the pope ________ on Christmas. He advances the church, education, and culture.

Back 43

Charlemagne, [Leo III]

Front 44

44. 1054 –______________. Brewing for centuries, rupture finally comes to a head with the fissure that has lasted to this day.

Back 44

The East-West Schism

Front 45

45. 1093 – _________becomes Archbishop of Canterbury. A devoted monk and outstanding theologian, his Cur Deus Homo? (Why Did God Become Man?), explored the atonement. [He articulated the “satisfaction theory” of the atonement, which is somewhat similar to the “penal substitution” theology of the Reformers.]

Back 45

Anselm

Front 46

46. 1095 –________ launches the First Crusade. The crowd wildly shouts "God wills it!" There would be several crusades over the next centuries with many tragic results.

Back 46

Pope Urban II

Front 47

47. 1115 – ________founds the monastery at Clairvaux. He and the monastery become a major center of spiritual and political influence. [_________was a major supporter of the Second Crusade and of the Knights Templar.]

Back 47

Bernard

Front 48

48. ~1150 – ________ and ________are founded and become incubators for renaissance and reformation and precursors for modern educational patterns.

Back 48

Universities of Paris, Oxford

Front 49

49. 1173 – ________founds the _________, a reform movement emphasizing poverty, preaching and the Bible. He and his followers are eventually condemned as heretics and the Waldensians suffer great persecution for centuries.

Back 49

Peter Waldo, Waldensians

Front 50

50. 1206 – _________ renounces wealth and goes on to lead a band of poor friars preaching the simple life.

Back 50

Francis of Assisi

Front 51

51. 1215 – ___________ deals with heresy, reaffirms Roman Catholic doctrines and strengthens the authority of the popes. [According to Norm Geisler, it was at this Council that Roman Catholic doctrine became officially apostate. Of course, the seeds of apostasy had been planted centuries before.]

Back 51

The Fourth Lateran Council

Front 52

52. 1273–________completes work on Summa Theoligica, the theological masterpiece of the Middle Ages.

Back 52

Thomas Aquinas

Front 53

53. 1321 – ________completes _________, the greatest work of Christian literature to emerge from the Middle Ages. [This epic poem gives a first-hand account of _________’s imaginative journey through hell, purgatory, and heaven.]

Back 53

Dante, The Divine Comedy

Front 54

54. 1378 – _________ goes to Rome to help heal the "Great Papal Schism" which had resulted in multiple popes. Partly through her influence, the papacy moves back to Rome from Avignon. [The “Babylonian Captivity” ended at this time when Gregory XI moved the papacy permanently back to Rome.]

Back 54

Catherine of Siena

Front 55

55. ~1380 – ________ is exiled from Oxford but oversees a translation of the Bible into English. He is later hailed as the "Morning star of the Reformation."

Back 55

John Wycliffe

Front 56

56. 1415 – _______, who teaches Wycliffe's ideas in Bohemia, is condemned and burned at the stake by the Council of Constance. [The Council of Constance also put an end to the “Papal Schism” that had begun in 1378.]

Back 56

John Hus

Front 57

57. 1453 – The fall of ________to the Muslim Turks marks the end of the Middle Ages. [NB]

Back 57

Constantinople

Front 58

58. 1456 – _________produces the first printed Bible, and his press becomes a means for dissemination new ideas, catalyzing changes in politics and theology.

Back 58

Johann Gutenberg

Front 59

59. 1478 – The _________is established under King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to oppose "heresy."

Back 59

Spanish Inquisition

Front 60

60. 1498 – _________, the fiery Dominican reformer of Florence, in Italy, is executed.

Back 60

Savonarola