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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alcmaeon of Croton (6th century B.C.)
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-brain as the seat of consciousness
-optic nerve as the "light baring path" |
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Hippocrates (~460-377 B.C.)
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-epilepsy as a disturbance of the brain
-father of medicine |
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Plato (~427-347 B.C.)
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-brain= intellect
-heart= anger, fear, pride, courage -liver= lust, greed, desire, "lower passions" |
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Gater of Pergamon (~129-217 B.C.)
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-experimental lesions
-sense organs intact even though sensation lost -different nerves, different information -speech doesn't come from chest -brain doesn't cool the blood |
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Ventricular Theory (~4-14th C. A.D.)
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-reason
-perception -cognition |
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Andreas Vesalius (1514-64)
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-wrote influential book about human anatomy
-thought ventricular theory was wrong |
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Rene Descartes (1596- 1650)
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-cogito ergo sum
-duality |
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Thomas Willis (1621-1675)
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-"Circle of Willis "
-found role of cerebral cortex as being involved in higher cognition and memory |
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Franz Gall & Johann Spurzheim
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-phrenology
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Pierre Flourens (1794-1867)
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-anti-localization
-localization is a denial of the soul since the mind is unitary |
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Karl Lashley (1890-1958)
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-anti-localization
-lesions in the cerebral cortex didn't hinder learning -equipotentiality: memory is not localized |
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John Hughings Jackson (1835-1911)
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-suggested topographic organization of the brain
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Wilder Renfield (1896-1976)
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-Motor homoculus
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H.M.
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-sufferer of epilepsy
-removed hippocampus: couldn't acquire new episodic memory |
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Brenda Minner
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-described H.M's case
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Camillo Golgi (1843-1926)
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-used silver nitrate stain to see visualization of single neurons and their parts
-Received nobel prize |
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Santiago Roman y Cajal (1852-1934)
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-the nervous system is made up of discrete, individual cells
-^The Neuron Doctrine -Him and Golgi received Nobel Prize |
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Korbian Brodmann (1868-1918)
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-found 52 subdivisions in cerebral cortex
-cytoarchitechtonic organization follows function |
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Kosslyn & Anderson (1992)
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-localization and holism
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Herman von Helmholtz (1921-1894)
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-humans wearing distorted prisms can still see
-vision is not unconscious (dependent on past knowledge) |
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Franciscus Cornelius Donders (1818-1889)
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-speed of higher mental operations measured
-stroop test |
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William Wundt (1832-1920)
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-1st experimental lab of psyc
-studied unconscious experience |
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William James (1842-1910)
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-Principles of Psychology book
-references of blood flow during mental activities |
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Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909)
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-used the first scientific approach to study memory and higher cognitive functions
-studied learning of nonsense syllables |
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John Watson (1879-1958), B.F. Skiner (1909-1990)
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-studied stimulus response behavior
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George Miller (1956)
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-7+/- 2
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Noam Chomsky (1957-59)
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-language can be studied by abstracting general rules of grammer
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