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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Battle of Chaeronea
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Alexander the Great was given control of cavalry in this battle. Greatest victory or Phillip II
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Battle of Salamis
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Naval battle. Athenians outmanuvered the Persian fleet even though they were outnumbered.
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Battle of Plataea
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After battle of Salamis. Final battle in Southern Greece.
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Battle of Marathon
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490 B.C. Greeks and Persians. Greeks defeated Persians. Athenians gained confidence.
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Battle of Issus
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Fought on a narrow field. Macedonian victory. Darius exited before it was determined who would win.
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Battle of Hydaspes River
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Alexander won brutally fought battle. Afterwards, soldiers refused to continue campaigning.
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Battle of Gaugamela
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331 B.C. Alexander's men clearly outnumbered. Turned into a rout and Darius managed to escape.
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Neolithic Revolution
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Shift from hunter-gatherer society to agricultural society.
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Paleolithic Age
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Creation of shelters. use of tools and fire.
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Minoan Civilization
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Palace at Knossus. Named after Minos who was a legendary Crete king. Love of nature.
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Summerians
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Large brick structures. Irrigation throughout cities.
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Indo-Europeans
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Lived on fringes of farming regions.
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Akkadians
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Created 1st dynastic empire.
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Mycenae
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Indo-Europeans that fortified palace centers. Warrior people, proud of performance in battle.
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Attalid dynasty
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Pergamum. Freed itself from Seleucid. Brought in Romans as allies, allowing them to conquer Seleucid. Gave kingdom to Rome in will.
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Seleucid dynasty
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Syria and the east. Founded by general Seleucis. Largest of Hellenistic kingdoms. Extended empire to include most of India.
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Antigonid dynasty
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Wanted control of Greece but didn't wish for outright conquest. Fell to Roman power.
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Ptolemaic dynasty
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Egypt. Macedonian general Ptolemy. Lasted longer than other Hellenistic dynasties. Didn't fall until Cleopatra VII allied herself with the wrong side of Roman civil war.
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Ninsun
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Human queen. Mother or Gilgamesh.
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Shamash
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God of the sun.
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Alcibiades
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Athenian statesman. Changed sides often. Many enemies. Mutilation of hermai. Asked to be put on trial before he went into battle.
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Nicias
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Athenian politician during Peloponnesian war. Peace of Nicias.
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Solon
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Made laws for Athenians.
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Themoistocles
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Persuaded citizens to pursue new military policy. Development of navy.
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Ephialtes
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Betrayed the Spartans and told Persians about mountain path. Rejected by Spartans originally because of his deformity.
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Alexander the Great
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Attacked Persian empire. Conquered much of Asia Minor. Built cities in Egypt. Made a pharoh. Took over Persia when Darius died. Died in Babylon.
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Darius III
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Persian king. Wanted to make peace with Alexander but it was refused. Killed by one of his own men.
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Leonidas
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Leader of Spartans. Thought to be a descendant of Hercules. Killed in battle.
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Sargon
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Over-ran previous city-states around his conquered territory.
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Hammurabi
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Creation of 1st justice-based law code.
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Hatsheput
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1st female pharoh.
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Croesus
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United territory surrounding his kingdom. Plans to take over Persia before Solon shared knowledge. Dies because of hubris (Herodotus)
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Cyrus
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559 B.C. Ruler of Persians. Restored temples and permitted worship of natives. Died 530 B.C.
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Darius
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Organized satrapies more rationally. Introduced tributes.
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Xerxes
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Persian monarch. Bent on revenge and expansion.
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Phillip II
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Instituted military reforms that transformed Macedonia into a major military power. Lighter armor than Hoplites. Hegemon. Assassinated.
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Pericles
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Embarked on policy of expanding democracy and empire. State pay for office holders.
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Demosthenes
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Philippics. Phillip: ruthless, deceitful, treacherous. Called on Athenians to undertake a struggle.
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Plato
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Wrote a great deal. Pupil of Socrates. Focused on essence of reality and ideal forms. Women could rule.
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Euclid
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Elements. Systematic organization of the fundamental elements of Geometry.
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Archimedes
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Geometry of spheres and cylinders. Established value of pi. Science of Hydrostatics. Creates inventions that helped in battles.
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Epicuris
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Believed that gods did not play an active role in everyday life. Self-interest as basic motivational force. Pleasure was freedom from turmoil.
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Aristarchus of Samos
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Greek. Heliocentric model of the universe.
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Socrates
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Left no writings. Stone-mason but had a passion for philosophy. Questioned authority. Sentenced to death.
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Zoraster
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Prophet of 'true religion'. Ahuramazda was the only true god. Wrote book of Zend Avesta.
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Zeno
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Concerned with how individuals find happiness. Virtue was harmony with divine will. Nature was a manifestation of the gods.
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