Historical Figures In Psychiatry

Front 1

Emil Kraepelin

Back 1

first used the term dementia praecox (now these symptoms are associated with schizophrenia)

1893

Front 2

Eugen Bleuler

Back 2

described four As of schizophrenia in 1911

(renamed dementia praecox as schizophrenia)

Front 3

Henry Dicks

Back 3

conducted work on marital therapy in 1967

Front 4

Kurtz Schneider

Back 4

1st rank symptoms of schizophrenia in 1959

Front 5

Schauddin

Back 5

discovered spirochete Treponema pallidum as a causative agent of general paralysis of the insane, GPI, syphilis in 1905 in Berlin

Front 6

Ugo Cerletti

Back 6

Italian neurologist

developed ECT in 1938

Front 7

Morselli

Back 7

coined dysmorphophobia (now body dysmorphic disorder) in 1886

Front 8

John Cade

Back 8

introduced lithium to psychiatry in 1948 (published 1949)

Front 9

Paul charpentier

Back 9

chemist who developed chlorpromaziine

Front 10

Nathan S Kline

Back 10

introduction and use of MAOIs

Front 11

Roland Kuhn

Back 11

discovered antidepressant effect of imipramine (a TCA)

Front 12

Ivan Pavlov

Back 12

"lectures on conditioned reflexes"

1926

Front 13

Karl Jaspers

Back 13

"General psychopathology"

1913

Front 14

Manfred Sakel

Back 14

developed insulin shock/insulin coma therapy in late 1920s

used extensively in 1940s and 1950s for schizophrenia before neuroleptic drugs became favourable

Front 15

Rosenhan

Back 15

"on being sane in insane places"

1973

Front 16

Lorenz

Back 16

showed how newly hatched gosling followed a shoebox pulled along on a string to imitate a moving figure

Front 17

Milgram

Back 17

>50% of men were capable of inflicting severe shocks on another individual when told to do so by a scientist in a position of authority

1974

Front 18

Harlow

Back 18

baby monkeys' need for attachment/security from mother took priority over their need for food

Front 19

RD Laing

Back 19

Founded antipsychiatry and founded Kingsley Hall

(Mary Barnes was a famous/first patient here)

Front 20

Michael Foucault

Back 20

prominent antipsychiatrist

Front 21

Thomases Szasz

Back 21

Prominent antipsychiatrist

"The myth of mental illness"

1960

Front 22

David Cooper

Back 22

coined the phrase "antipsychiatry"

Front 23

Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker

Back 23

introduction of chlorpromazine in schizophrenia

Front 24

Wagner-Jauregg

Back 24

developed an effective treatment for general paresis of the insane (GPI) - a form of neurosyphilis

in 1917

(use of inoculated malaria parasites -> prolonged fever (pyrotherapy) -> clinical improvement. (and treat subsequent malaria with quinine)

Front 25

Aaron Beck

Back 25

pioneer of cognitive therapy

Front 26

Carl Jung

Back 26

founded analytical psychotherapy

Front 27

Théodule-Armand Ribot

Back 27

Professor of experiemental psychology at University of Paris

First coined term Anhedonia in 1896

Front 28

Prochaska et al.

Back 28

Stage model of behavioural change

Front 29

Fromm-Reichmann

Back 29

proposed concept of 'schizophrenogenic mother'

Front 30

Lidz

Back 30

explored impact of parents' socialisation on a child's psychological health

Front 31

René Spitz

Back 31

described anaclitic depression among children deprived of their primary care giver

Front 32

Main

Back 32

adult attachment interview

Front 33

Ainsworth

Back 33

strange situation

Front 34

Michael Rutter

Back 34

expanded on Bowlby's work in attachment

distinguished between deprivation and privation

deprivation: a previously formed attachment is lost

privation: an attachment never forms

Front 35

Douglas Spalding

Back 35

First described filial imprinting amongst domestic chickens in 19th century

then described by Heinroth

popularised by Lorenz

Front 36

Immelmann

Back 36

described sexual imprinting

"For example, male zebra finches appear to prefer mates with the appearance of the female bird that rears them, rather than that of the birth parent when they are different."

Front 37

Westermarck

Back 37

Described the concept of reverse sexual imprinting, whereby individuals' close proximity during the early years of life reduces later sexual attraction

Front 38

Yerkes-Dodson

Back 38

Yerkes-Dodson curve

Inverted U shape relationship between arousal and performance

Front 39

Eve Johnstone

Back 39

First found brain abnormalities on CT in schizophrenia

Front 40

Snyder

Back 40

dopamine theory of schizophrenia

1976

Front 41

George Brown

Back 41

First described expressed emotion

1950s

Front 42

Lazarus and Folkman

Back 42

studied effect of cognition or perception of stressors on emotional experience

Front 43

Seyle

Back 43

response models and the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Front 44

Plutchik

Back 44

described eight primary emotions

Front 45

Cox

Back 45

described a stimulus model theory based on engineering models such as Hooke's law of elasticity

Front 46

George Miller Beard

Back 46

coined the term 'neurasthenia' in 1869

(still in ICD-10, but omitted from others)

Front 47

Kohlberg

Back 47

suggested 6 stages of moral development: 2 stages in each level:

preconventional morality, conventional morality, postconventional morality

Front 48

Bowlby's four stages of grief

Back 48

1980

1) Numbing

2) Yearning and searching

3) Disorganisation and despair

4) Reorganisation

Front 49

Sanders

Back 49

Had a model of grief (included Awareness of loss and Conservation-Withdrawal)

1989

Front 50

Kubler-Ross

Back 50

Had a model of grief (including anger)

1969

Front 51

Thomas and Chess

Back 51

described the concept of 'goodness of fit'

easy child, difficuult child, slow-to-warm-up (NY longitudinal study)

Front 52

Winnicott

Back 52

'Good enough mother'

Front 53

Who wrote "the psychopathology of everyday life"?

Back 53

Freud

1901

Front 54

Who described transitional objects?

Back 54

Winnicott

Front 55

Hare

Back 55

1956

observed association between living alone and high rates of admission among patients with schizophrenia

Front 56

Brown and Harris

Back 56

1978

identified 4 'vulnerability factors' for the development of depression among a cohort of women living in inner city London.

Front 57

Cattell

Back 57

16 personality factor inventory

Front 58

Eysenck

Back 58

Personality inventory

Front 59

Bell

Back 59

adjustment inventory

(assesses an individual's adjustment to a variety of situations, e.g. home and health)

Front 60

Foulkes

Back 60

Founder of group analysis (form of group therapy)

Described foundation matrix- shared network of mental processes that allows communication within a group

Front 61

Moreno

Back 61

Founded psychodrama and pioneered group therapy

Front 62

Yalom

Back 62

described 11 curative factors that influence change in groups (must be present for change to be successful)

Front 63

Piaget

Back 63

cognitive model of development

Front 64

Bowlby and development

Back 64

attachment theory and maternal deprivation

Front 65

Erikson

Back 65

psychosocial theory of development

8 stages extending into adulthood (each stage requires resolution of a crisis at each stage)

Front 66

Dement and Kleitman

Back 66

1957

classified sleep into five distinct stages

Non REM stage 1-4, and REM

Front 67

Brown and Birley

Back 67

1968

described life events (e.g. marriage, redundancy) impacting on psych morbidity

Front 68

Dohrenwood

Back 68

1975

described life events (e.g. marriage, redundancy) impacting on psych morbidity

Front 69

Rogler

Back 69

1996

described association between poverty and increased morbidity

Front 70

Wilkinson

Back 70

1989

described association between poverty and increased morbidity

Front 71

Dunham

Back 71

1965

areas of 'social disorganisation' -> increased psychiatric morbidity

Front 72

Ross

Back 72

2000

community disorder (e.g. noise, litter, drug use) is associated with depressive symptoms

Front 73

Shapiro

Back 73

developed eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing

Front 74

Klerman (& Weissman)

Back 74

interpersonal psychotherapy

Front 75

Ryle

Back 75

CAT

Front 76

David Malan

Back 76

psychodynamic therapy - two triangles - triangle of person and triangle of defence

Front 77

Anna Freud

Back 77

defence mechanisms

object relations

Front 78

Sigmund Freud

Back 78

time limited psychotherapies

Front 79

Haley

Back 79

Strategic systemic therapy