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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
1. Publishes his discovery of cells in cork.

2. "Cell Theory". Living things are composed of cells. 1665.
Robert Hooke
1. Was the first to observe microorganisms using a simple microscope "animalcules". 1673.
Antony Von Lee-u-wen-ho-ek
Debate over spontaneous generation

1. Demonstrates that maggots appear on decaying meat only when flies are able to lay eggs on the meat. 1668
Fransesco Redi
Debate over spontaneous generation

1. claimed that microorganisms could arise spontaneously from a heated nutrient broth. 1745
John Needham
Debate over spontaneous generation

1. Italian anatomist who repeated Needham's experiments and suggested that Needham's results were due to microorganisms in the air entering his broth. 1765.

2. Disputes spontaneous generation
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Debate over spontaneous generation

1. Demonstrated that microorganisms are in the air eveywhere and offered proof of biogenesis 1861

2. Led to the developement of the aseptic techniques.
Louis Pasteur
Characterizing the Golden age of microbiology 1857-1914

rapid advances in science of microbiology

many disease agents were isolated
Pasteur and Koch era
Germ Theory of Disease

1. spoilage of wine-fermentation, pasteurization
Louis Pasteur
Germ Theory of Disease

1. Instituted the first use of antiseptics to reduce hand-born disease.

2. drastically decreased childbirth death by introducung antiseptic technique

3. demonstrated that childbed fever was contagious and could be transmitted from a physician to a patient.
Philipp Ignaz Semmelweiz
Demonstrates that yeast can degrade sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide as they multiply.
Pasteur
1. Use of disinfectants in order to control infections in humans

2. Published the first work on antiseptic surgery, beginning the trend towards modern aseptic techniques in medicine.
Joseph Lister
Introduced a vaccination procedure for smallpox. 1796
Edward Jenner
1. Demonstrates the epdemic spread of cholera through a water supply contaminated with human sewage.
John Snow
1. Demonstrates that anthrax is caused by a bacterium.

2. Introduced the use of pure culture techniques for handling bacteria in a laboratory.

3.Identified the causative agent of TB.

4. proved microorganisms caused disease, by the use of 4 postulates.
Robert Koch
Introduced agar-agar as a solidifying gel for culture media.
Walter and Fanny Hesse
Discovered that avirilent bacteria could be used as a a vaccine for fowl cholera, coined "vaccine".
Louis Pasteur
Developed the first Polio vaccine
Jonas Salk
Discovers phagocytic cells and their role in engulfing bacteria.
Elie Metch-ni-koff
Published a paper describing the Gram stain.
Christian Gram
Discovers the tobacco mosaic disease is caused by a filtrable agent-a virus.

demonstrated a tobacco plant pathogen can pass through filters-> virus.
Dmitri Iwan-ow-ski
Introduced an arsenic compound called salvarasan to treat syphilis and coined term "chemotherapy".
Paul Ehr-lick
Discovered that virus' can cause cancer in chickens
F. Peyton Rous
Discovers genetic transformation in bacterium thereby raising a key question in genetics: What chemical caused the transformation?
Frederick Griffith
Discovers and describes the properties of the first antibiotic, penicillin.

Observed that mold Penecillium inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.
Alexander Fleming
Discovered antibiotic, streptomycin
Selman Waksman
Proposed an immunilogically based classification system for streptococci, classifying them as serotypes.

Based groupings on the carbohydrate composition of the cell wall. A -> E. Most of them belong in A & B.
Rebecca Lansfield
Showed the organism called tobacco mosaic virus was so simple and homogenous it could be crystallized. 1935
Wendell Stanley
Discovered conjugation in bacteria
Joshua Lederberg and E.T. Tatum
Determined the structure of DNA
James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins
Isolated HIV
Luc Montagnier of France
Robert Gallo of USA
Classifies all organisms into 3 domains
Carl Woese
Suggested a protien from a slow disease infection that might direct its own replication be termed a prion.
Stanley Prusiner
Demonstrated that the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori cause stomach ulcers
Barry Marshall
Invented the Polymerase chain reaction PMCR
Kary Mullis
finished the human genome project
Craig Venter
demonstrate that malaria is transmitted by the bite of female mosquitos
Ross and Grassi
Independantly discovered bacterial viruses
Twort and D'Herelle
Discovered conjugation in bacteria
Lederburg and Tatum
Discovers the first serologic test for syphilis
August Wasserman
Developed commercial methods for producing and purifying penicillin; this first antibiotic is tested and put into widespread use.
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain