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68 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Hans Selye: General Adaption Syndrome
body adaptive response to threat in three stages:

alarm
resistance
exhaustion
G.A.S stage 1:
alarm
recognize the existence of threat, sudden activation
G.A.S stage 2:
resistance
high blood pressure, lasts seconds
G.A.S stage 3:
exhaustion
body's resources deplete, physiological arousal will decrease, body may collapse from exhaustion
acute stress vs chronic stress
Acute stress = sudden incident that startles you and your system into the stress mode [fire]

Chronic stress = long lasting, social or psychological stressors
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Developement
children's thought process go through major stages, which move to new capabilities
Piaget's 4 Stages
sensorimotor stage
pre occupational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage
Piaget: Sensorimotor Stage
Birth to Age 2

infants ability to coordinate sensory input and motor responses; development of object permanence
Piaget: Object Permanence
objects continue to exists when no longer visible

sensorimotor stage
Piaget: Pre Occupational Stage
Age 2- 7

child learns to use language but does not understand logic

development of symbolic thought marked by irreversibility, centration, and egocentrism
Piaget: Concrete Operational Stage
Age 7-11

children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically; mastery of conservation
Piaget: Formal Operational Stage
Age 11 +

individual begin to think logically about abstract concepts
Piaget: Conservation
awareness that objects stay the same despite of appearance

preoperational stage
Piaget: Centration
tendency to focus on one feature of a problem, neglecting important aspects

pre operational stage
Piaget: Irreversibility
the inability to envision reversing and action

pre opperational stage
Piaget: Egocentrism
thinking characterized by limited ability to share another viewpoint

pre opperational stage
Piaget: Animism
belief that all things are living, everything is 'alive'
Introversion
concern with one's own thoughts and feelings
Extroversion
being concerned with the social and physical environment
Father of Behaviorism
John B. Watson
Objective
neutrality, fact based
Subjective
influenced by personal opinion
3 Behavioral Techniques
Classical Conditioning
Counter Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
Classical Conditioning
Pavlov- learning which stimulus provokes a response originally provoked by another stimulus
Operant Conditioning
Skinner- learning which individual responses can be controlled by consequences; reinforcement
Observational Learning
Bandura- learning which individual responses influenced by observation of others [models]
Biopsychosocial Model
physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
Psychology
the study of the mind and its processes
Developmental Psychologists
study human development across the life span
6 Types of Research
survey
case study
ex post facto
correlation
observation
experiment
Survey Research
self reported data; has biases
Albert Bandura Bobo Doll Exp.
studied patterns of aggression

social learning theory

one’s environment causes one’s behavior.
Independent Variable
variable that is being manipulted
Dependent Variable
variable that is effected
Experimental Group
group that receives special treatment by independent variables
Extraneous Variable
any variable other than the independent variable that can influence the dependent variable
Confounding of Variables
2 variables are linked which makes it harder to sort out specific effects
Difference B/T Causation and Correlation
correlation allows us to predict a variable, does not tell whether there was a cause/effect relationship
Informed Consent
Individuals right to know the risks and benefits of a procedure
Debriefing
report of a mission or task
Internal Review Board [IRB]
examines informed consent making sure participants are protected
IRB overseas:
any time a study is carried out, looks at all elements and look at potential danger that could inflict participants
Internal Effort:
focus of success is within individual
External Effort:
focus of success is controlled by outside forces
Intrinsic Motivation:
accomplishing a goal for its essential satisfaction

simply for the joy
Extrinsic Motivation:
accomplishing a goal to attain separable outcome

instrumental value
Gerentology
the study of aging
Medical Model
mental illness is caused by the same things physical illnesses are caused by & should be treated as such: drugs + surgery
Case Study Research
most intensive [one on one] form of research; loss of confidentiality
Ex-Post Facto Research
form of research: pretest data, and posttest data are collected after completion of the treatment
Correlation Research
research used to determine if 2 variables are related to eachother
Observational Research [2]
Naturalistic: participants dont know; natural habitat

Participant: participants join
Experimental Research
used to determine cause and effect control variables; use of independent and dependent variables
Aversion Conditioning
use of unpleasant stimuli to alter behavior
Counter Conditioning
using one stimulus to provoke one response with another that provokes an opposite response
so that the first stimulus comes to provoke the second

used to reduce fear; little albert
Positive Correlation
X up Y up
X down Y down
Negative Correlation
X up Y down
X down Y up
James- Lange Theory
actions come before emotion, the brain interprets the action as emotion;

dry mouth; muscle tension; THEN emotion of these actions

event-arousal-interpretation-emotion
Cannon- Bard Theory
we feel emotion and then physiological changes happen simultaneously

event-simultaneous arousal and emotion
Schater Two Factor Theory
we experience feeling and then decide what they mean

event-arousal-reasoning-emotion
Culture Superstition
you repeat responses that are followed by favorable consequences; operant conditioning
Operant Conditioning
form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences; reinforcement
The Limbic System
interconnected structures located above the brain stem to control all emotional activity
Limbic System Components [4]
thalamus
hypothalamus
hipocampus
amygdala
Hypothalamus

[4] F's
regulation of need to survive:

fight
flee
feed
mate
Thalamus
relays sensory information to cortex; FRONT; associated with changes in emotional reactivity
Hipocampus
particularly involved with memory; the formation of long-term memory
Amygdala
plays important role on the mediation and control of major affective activities like friendship, love and affection