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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hans Selye: General Adaption Syndrome
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body adaptive response to threat in three stages:
alarm resistance exhaustion |
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G.A.S stage 1:
alarm |
recognize the existence of threat, sudden activation
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G.A.S stage 2:
resistance |
high blood pressure, lasts seconds
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G.A.S stage 3:
exhaustion |
body's resources deplete, physiological arousal will decrease, body may collapse from exhaustion
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acute stress vs chronic stress
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Acute stress = sudden incident that startles you and your system into the stress mode [fire]
Chronic stress = long lasting, social or psychological stressors |
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Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Developement
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children's thought process go through major stages, which move to new capabilities
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Piaget's 4 Stages
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sensorimotor stage
pre occupational stage concrete operational stage formal operational stage |
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Piaget: Sensorimotor Stage
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Birth to Age 2
infants ability to coordinate sensory input and motor responses; development of object permanence |
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Piaget: Object Permanence
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objects continue to exists when no longer visible
sensorimotor stage |
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Piaget: Pre Occupational Stage
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Age 2- 7
child learns to use language but does not understand logic development of symbolic thought marked by irreversibility, centration, and egocentrism |
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Piaget: Concrete Operational Stage
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Age 7-11
children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically; mastery of conservation |
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Piaget: Formal Operational Stage
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Age 11 +
individual begin to think logically about abstract concepts |
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Piaget: Conservation
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awareness that objects stay the same despite of appearance
preoperational stage |
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Piaget: Centration
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tendency to focus on one feature of a problem, neglecting important aspects
pre operational stage |
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Piaget: Irreversibility
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the inability to envision reversing and action
pre opperational stage |
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Piaget: Egocentrism
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thinking characterized by limited ability to share another viewpoint
pre opperational stage |
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Piaget: Animism
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belief that all things are living, everything is 'alive'
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Introversion
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concern with one's own thoughts and feelings
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Extroversion
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being concerned with the social and physical environment
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Father of Behaviorism
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John B. Watson
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Objective
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neutrality, fact based
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Subjective
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influenced by personal opinion
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3 Behavioral Techniques
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Classical Conditioning
Counter Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning |
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Classical Conditioning
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Pavlov- learning which stimulus provokes a response originally provoked by another stimulus
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Operant Conditioning
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Skinner- learning which individual responses can be controlled by consequences; reinforcement
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Observational Learning
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Bandura- learning which individual responses influenced by observation of others [models]
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Biopsychosocial Model
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physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
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Psychology
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the study of the mind and its processes
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Developmental Psychologists
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study human development across the life span
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6 Types of Research
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survey
case study ex post facto correlation observation experiment |
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Survey Research
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self reported data; has biases
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Albert Bandura Bobo Doll Exp.
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studied patterns of aggression
social learning theory one’s environment causes one’s behavior. |
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Independent Variable
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variable that is being manipulted
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Dependent Variable
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variable that is effected
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Experimental Group
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group that receives special treatment by independent variables
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Extraneous Variable
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any variable other than the independent variable that can influence the dependent variable
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Confounding of Variables
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2 variables are linked which makes it harder to sort out specific effects
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Difference B/T Causation and Correlation
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correlation allows us to predict a variable, does not tell whether there was a cause/effect relationship
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Informed Consent
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Individuals right to know the risks and benefits of a procedure
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Debriefing
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report of a mission or task
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Internal Review Board [IRB]
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examines informed consent making sure participants are protected
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IRB overseas:
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any time a study is carried out, looks at all elements and look at potential danger that could inflict participants
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Internal Effort:
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focus of success is within individual
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External Effort:
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focus of success is controlled by outside forces
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Intrinsic Motivation:
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accomplishing a goal for its essential satisfaction
simply for the joy |
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Extrinsic Motivation:
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accomplishing a goal to attain separable outcome
instrumental value |
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Gerentology
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the study of aging
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Medical Model
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mental illness is caused by the same things physical illnesses are caused by & should be treated as such: drugs + surgery
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Case Study Research
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most intensive [one on one] form of research; loss of confidentiality
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Ex-Post Facto Research
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form of research: pretest data, and posttest data are collected after completion of the treatment
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Correlation Research
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research used to determine if 2 variables are related to eachother
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Observational Research [2]
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Naturalistic: participants dont know; natural habitat
Participant: participants join |
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Experimental Research
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used to determine cause and effect control variables; use of independent and dependent variables
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Aversion Conditioning
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use of unpleasant stimuli to alter behavior
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Counter Conditioning
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using one stimulus to provoke one response with another that provokes an opposite response
so that the first stimulus comes to provoke the second used to reduce fear; little albert |
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Positive Correlation
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X up Y up
X down Y down |
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Negative Correlation
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X up Y down
X down Y up |
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James- Lange Theory
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actions come before emotion, the brain interprets the action as emotion;
dry mouth; muscle tension; THEN emotion of these actions event-arousal-interpretation-emotion |
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Cannon- Bard Theory
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we feel emotion and then physiological changes happen simultaneously
event-simultaneous arousal and emotion |
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Schater Two Factor Theory
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we experience feeling and then decide what they mean
event-arousal-reasoning-emotion |
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Culture Superstition
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you repeat responses that are followed by favorable consequences; operant conditioning
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Operant Conditioning
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form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences; reinforcement
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The Limbic System
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interconnected structures located above the brain stem to control all emotional activity
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Limbic System Components [4]
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thalamus
hypothalamus hipocampus amygdala |
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Hypothalamus
[4] F's |
regulation of need to survive:
fight flee feed mate |
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Thalamus
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relays sensory information to cortex; FRONT; associated with changes in emotional reactivity
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Hipocampus
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particularly involved with memory; the formation of long-term memory
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Amygdala
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plays important role on the mediation and control of major affective activities like friendship, love and affection
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