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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the components of cartilage?
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1. composed of cells and extracellular matrix (fibers and ground substance)
2. cells- chondroblasts or chondrocytes 3. avascular- (outerperichondrium has vascularization) |
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Describe two parts to perichondral cells?
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1. fibrogenic- outer area give rise to fibroblasts and ground substance
2. chondrogenic- inner part- makes chondroblasts |
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What are the three types of cartilage?
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1. hyaline
2. elastic 3. fibrocartilage |
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what are 5 main functions of cartilage?
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1. bear mechanical stress without distortion
2. shock absorber 3. frictionless movement in joints 4. bone growth 5. fracture repair |
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What is the role of chondroclasts?
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1. cartilage resoprtion
2. remove calcified cartilage 3. maintain matrix |
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What does this pictures show and what is top arrow/ bottom arrow pointing to?
What is role of things shown? |
perichondral cells
top - fibrogenic bottom- chondrogenic provides blood supply to cartilage |
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what are arrows pointing to?
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chondroblasts
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What does this picture point to?
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chondrocytes
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What are the markers showing?
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what does top and bottom arrow point to?
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chondroblasts on top and chondrocytes on bottom of hyaline cartilage
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What is structure and function of matrix?
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Structure-
a. fibers (collagen II and GAGs) b. Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, keratan, heparan sulfate Function- GAGs control hardness Variations produces 3 types of cartilage... |
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What are the variations in matrix of cartilage? and roles?
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a. Territorial-- around chondrocytes- high GAGs low collagen
b. Inter-territorial- territorial matrix, more collagen fewer proteoglycans |
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What is structural characteristics and role of hyaline cartilage?
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Structure-
a. gross white b. gel-like c. perichondrium except on articular surfaces Function- a. serves as temporary skeleton (epiphyseal plate) b. hormone controlled |
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Compare and contrast elastic and hyaline cartilage...
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Elastic has a matrix full of elastic fibers otherwise same and allows for return to original shape
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What type of stuff is this?
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hyaline cartilage
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What type of stuff is this?
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hyaline cartilage
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Name the a and b and what are we looking at in general?
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elastic cartilage
a. elastic fibers b. lacuna |
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Label spots and what are we looking at?
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elastic cartilage
a. elastin b. periochondrium c. chondroblasts d. chondrocytes |
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What is this?
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elastic cartilage
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What are examples of elastic cartilage?
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ears, epiglottis, auricle
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Describe fibrocartilage and function... and where they are found
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Structure
a. no perichondrium b. chondrocytes in a row c. abundant collagen I and II Function- weight bearing a. found in attachments of ligaments to articular surfaces, menisci, labrum, intervertebral disks |
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Overall structure and top and bottom blank spots
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fibro cartilage
top- condrocytes bottom- fibrous matrix |
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Describe overall picture and labels
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a. collagen fibers
b. lacuna c. chondrocyte Fribrocartilage |
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What is this a picture of?
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fibrocartilage
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Describe the two type of cartilage growth... where do they occur?
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Interstitial growth- located
within cartilage mass, a. growth from secretion of new matrix- limited by avascular nature Appositional growth- occurs in inner layer of perichondrium a. chondrogenic cells produce collagen I to initiate growth |
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How is cartilage repaired?
Why does this cause problems? |
Mostly with activity of perichondrium chondroblasts make cytes
Problems- usually replaced with dense connective tissue or bone (if blood vessels are near) - Bone growth in places cartilage is supposed to be causes problems |
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What is cranial synstosis?
examples? results in? |
When bone growth occurs instead of cartilage repair in head...
ex. Scaphocephaly- elongated head due to bone growth in sutures of head instead of cartilage |
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What is a current technique employed to artificially repair cartilage?
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ACI- autologous chondrocyte implantation- periosteum taken from tibia and used in hole of defected area
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Describe structure of synovial joints...
How are they nourished? |
a. synovial cavity
b. articular capsule c. articular hyaline cartilage - synovial fluid transport nutrients that come from synovial membrane which connects to capillaries |
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What is the function of synovial fluid how is it made?
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a. yolk like fluid that reduces friction between cartilage and joints
b. made in synovial membranes by B-cells, has lubricin |
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What is contained in synovial membrane?
What bad things occurs if there is damage to the membrane? |
1. A and B cells
2. vascular connective tissue Fluid leaks and causes rheumatoid arthritis |
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What are the roles of A and B cells found in the synovial membrane?
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A- clear articular cavity of debris
B- make the synovial fluid |
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Locate and know role of lines on this pic
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