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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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characteristic epithelial cells in urinary tract
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transitional
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function of kidney
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removal of organic wastes, urea, uric acid, creatinine. regulate blood pressure and volume, conserve water, ion regulation, stabilize pH, conserve nutrients, eliminate waste, detox proteins, stimulate red blood cells production
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amount blood thru kidney in ea minute
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1200ml
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amount filtrate produced ea minute by kidney
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125ml
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amount urine produced ea minute
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1 ml, or 1.5 L per 24 hours
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how many nephrons
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1-3 million per kidney
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nephron
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functional unit of kidney
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how much tubule per kidney
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40 miles
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interlobar artery
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artery b/w lobes of kidney
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interlobular
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finer arteries that branch b/w lobules, unique in that they branch and then re-connect
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arcuit
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arteries that arc and define boundaries b/w medulla and ?
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erythropoiton
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hormone made by kidney to increase RBC
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proximal tubule
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water resorbed to blood (diffusion), Amino acids, Na+, glucose, bicarbonate, tranported to blood
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distal tubule
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pH adjustment (H+ secreted into tubules), Na+ reabsorbed, aldosterone
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cortex parts
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proximal tubule, distal tubule
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urine pH
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6
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medulla parts
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henle's loop (de and ascending), collecting tubule and duct.High osmolality so counter current exchange system
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Descending loop of henle
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more water into blood results in increased osmolality in tubule
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Ascending loop of henle
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water impermeable, Na+ pumped into blood against gradient
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Collecting tubule and duct
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water permeable (ADH): then water retention, H+ secreted, urea reabsorbed
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vascular pole
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where artery comes in and out from renal corpuscle
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urinary pole
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where urine leaves from renal corpuscle
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renal corpuscle
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glomerulus and bowmans capsule
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bowmans capsule
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visceral and parietal layers
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podocytes (visceral layer)
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basement membrane fuses with capillary basement membrane
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glomerulus
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afferent / efferent arterioles, glomerular caps fenestrated, mesangial cells between caps.
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mesangeal cells
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cells b/w capillaries
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juxtaglomerular cells
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modified arterial smooth muscle around afferent arterioles
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juxtaglomerular apparatus
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2 parts: macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells, function together to regulate blood pressure
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macula densa
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specialization where distal con tub contacts afferent arteriole. Nuclei are close together, monitors ion strength of filtrate, signals JG cells to release renin.
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renin
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enzyme of kidney
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juxtaglomerular cells
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modified smooth muscle of affernet arteriole. contains renin: released into blood when stimulated by macula densa or by nerve
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proximal convoluted tubule
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simple cuboidal, microvilli brush border, lots of basolateral interdigitations, lots mitochondria, facilitate diffusion glucos, AA, Na+ out pump, energy for active transport
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pars recta of prox tube
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simple cuboidal, microvilli,, no interdigitations, organic acids inNa
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thin descending/ascending limbs
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simple squamous, no interdigitations or microvilli, few mitochondria, no active transport, low E required
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thick ascending limb
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simple cuboidal, no microvilli, lots interdigitations, no facilitated diffusion, Na+ out
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Distal convoluted tubule
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simple cuboidal, lots interdigitations, lots mito, Na+ out, E for active transport
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collecting tubule
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simple cuboidal, principal cells, intercalated cells, DCT cells, collecting tubule cells
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cortical collecting duct
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simple columnar, principal cells, intercalated cells
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medullary collecting duct
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simple columnar, principal cells, ADH dependent water resorption
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