Histology Test 1B

Front 1

Multipolar neuron
-look
-found where?

Back 1

-motor & interneurons
-cell body has many dendrites and 1 axon

Front 2

unipolar neurons
-look
-found where?

Back 2

-sensory neurons (dorsal root ganglia)
-a single dendrite and axon extend from 1 part of the neuron cell body

Front 3

nervous tissue locations

Back 3

-Brain
-Spinal cord
-Ganglia
-Nerves

Front 4

Adipocytes are surrounded by?

Back 4

external lamina (basal lamina)
-made from reticular fibers

Front 5

What is contained within external lamina?

Back 5

reticular fibers

Front 6

white adipose tissue has what shape/structure/look?

Back 6

signet ring

Front 7

what is the uncoupling protein of brown fat?

Back 7

UCP-1 (Thermogenin)

Front 8

How does brown fat make heat?

Back 8

uncouples ox. phos. at the ETC
-heat is made instead of ATP

Front 9

do the number of adipocytes in adults increase? or just hypertrophy?

Back 9

Adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy both occurs in adults, throughout life

Front 10

What cell cycle phase is adipocytes in specifically?

Back 10

Interphase: G0: G-td

Front 11

what hormone do adipocytes secrete and there function?

Back 11

leptin --> dec hunger

Front 12

what 3 hormones stimulate lipolysis?

Back 12

glucagon, GH, NE

Front 13

PWS secretes what excess hormone and what does this cause?

Back 13

ecess ghrelin --> causing excess hunger and obesity = compulsive eating

Front 14

How does cartilage tissue receive its nutrients?

Back 14

Cartilage is Avascular
- receives its nutrients via diffusion ONLY (unlike bone)

Front 15

red marrow vs yellow marrow in the marrow of bone
-what is each?

Back 15

red marrow - blood forming tissue (hematopoiesis)
yellow marrow- mostly adipocytes

Front 16

what is myeloid tisue?

Back 16

Tissue with the ability to perform hematopoiesis
-AKA red marrow

Front 17

myeloid cell

Back 17

In hematopoiesis, the term "myeloid cell" is used to describe any blood cell that is not a lymphocyte

Front 18

amount of time hematopoiesis occurs in each tissue/organ

Back 18

yolk sac 2 weeks-2 months
Liver/spleen 6 weeks -birth
Bone marrow (myeloid) 3 months-birth

Front 19

In development when does hematopoiesis begin in the myeloid tissue

Back 19

(bone marrow)
3 months

Front 20

appositional growth applies to?
interstitial growth applies to?

Back 20

apo= bone
interstitial= only to cartilage (also bone)

Front 21

appositional growth?

Back 21

apply growth to a pre-existing suface

Front 22

appositional growth applies to?
interstitial growth applies to?

Back 22

apo= bone
interstitial= only to cartilage (also bone)

Front 23

appositional growth?

Back 23

apply growth to a pre-existing suface

Front 24

csf?
what are they
types

Back 24

colony stimulating factors
-the are cytokines
-IL-3 released by CD4 T-Cells
-EPO - erythropoietin
-TPO

Front 25

what differentiates stem cells into different blood cell types?

Back 25

CSFs

Front 26

what does TPO do?

Back 26

differentiate CFU-MEg --> platelets

Front 27

what 2 things do PPSC become when they divide?

Back 27

1) regenerate copies
2) differentiate

Front 28

common name of:
CFU-GEMM
CFU-L

Back 28

-common myeloid progenitor
-common lymphoid progenitor

Front 29

CFU-GEMM

Back 29

Granulocytes
Erythrocytes
Monocytes
Macrophages

Front 30

RBC formation is under control by?
where is it made?

Back 30

IL-3 - T-cells (CD4+)

EPO - made by peritublar endothelium of kidney cortex

Front 31

what percent of circulating RBC are reticulocytes?

Back 31

1-2%

Front 32

heme is degrades into?

Back 32

bilirubin

Front 33

what stimulates differentiation in granulopoiesis?

Back 33

IL-3 & CSF-GM (macrophage/granulocyte)
and then by CSF-G

Front 34

what type of granules do granulocytes have when they develop?

Back 34

-primary (azurophilic) granules

-Secondary (specific) granules

Front 35

what color are primary granules?

Back 35

purple-ish (burgendy)

Front 36

what percent of granulocytes are band cells?

Back 36

1-5%

Front 37

what percent of circulating granulocytes are neutrophils?

Back 37

about 60%

Front 38

color/size of granules in granulocytes

Back 38

Neutrophil = pale, very small

Eosinophil = orange-red, large (hamburger)

Basophil= basophilic color, large

Front 39

shape of granulocytes

Back 39

Neutro = segmented

Eosino= 2 lobes

Basophil= cannot see nucleus/obscure

Front 40

what is the relative size of a lymphcyte?

Back 40

RBC

Front 41

how can you identify a monocyte?

Back 41

horseshoe shape nucleus

Front 42

how do you differentiate between plasma cells and orthochromatophilic erythroblasts?

Back 42

The density of the nucleus

-plasma cells have splotchy nucleus
-ortho erythroblasts have a dense nucleus

Front 43

what are the 2 major classes of leukocytes in the blood?
and list what is in each class?

Back 43

granulated- Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil

Agranulated- lymphocytes & monocytes

Front 44

contents of neutrophilic granules
1,2,3

Back 44

Primary = lysosomes with hydrolases

seconadary granules = lysozyme, collagenase

tertiary granules = MMPs, collagenase, elastase

Front 45

what is the 1st lines of defense against infection?
whats next?

Back 45

Neutrophils
-followed by macrophage & lymphocytes

Front 46

what allows diapedesis?

Back 46

selectins, integrins, and cytokines

Front 47

function of eosinophil?

Back 47

-phagocytose antigen-antibody complexes
-neutralize allergenic vasoactive histamine effects
-inactivates leukotriens

Front 48

basophil function?

Back 48

called mast cell in the tissue
-secrete heparin sulfate, histamine, leukotriene
-leads to hypersensitivity (inflammation) reactions, anaphylaxis

Front 49

when do platelets aggregate?

Back 49

when exposed to collagen from within/behind endothelial cells

-OR by von willebrand factor

Front 50

What do platelet cells release?

Back 50

alpha and dense granules, promote coagulation cascase