Histology, Test 1, Quarter 2, Lecture 7

Front 1

Name the 4 layers of the esophagus

Back 1

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia

Front 2

Name the 3 layers of the mucosa of the esophagus

Back 2

Epithelium, Lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

Front 3

Characterize the epithelia of the epithelium of the esophagus

Back 3

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Front 4

Compare the lamina propria of the esophagus to the lamina propria of the intestine and stomach

Back 4

denser and less cellular

Front 5

Describe the muscularis mucosae of the esophagus

Back 5

arranged in bundles of thick, longitudinal muscle fibers, separated by connective tissue.

Front 6

What layers of the esophagus are glands located?

Back 6

mucosa and submucosa

Front 7

Where are mucosal glands of the esophagus typically located?

Back 7

Proximally or distally

Front 8

Characterize mucosal glands of the esophagus

Back 8

coiled mucous glands which resemble gastric cardiac glands

Front 9

Where are submucosal glands of the esophagus typically located?

Back 9

Scattered throughout the esophagus

Front 10

Characterize submucosal glands of the esophagus

Back 10

small, mucousal glands

Front 11

Characterize the submucosa of the esophagus

Back 11

dense connective tissue scattered with glands

Front 12

Describe the nerve plexus within the submucosa of the esophagus

Back 12

sparse, ganglia not typically seen

Front 13

Describe the muscularis externa of the esophagus

Back 13

contains two layers, inner circular and outer longitudinal

Front 14

Characterize the upper 1/3 of the muscularis externa in the esophagues

Back 14

contains only skeletal muscle

Front 15

Characterize the middle 1/3 of the muscularis externa of the esophagus

Back 15

both skeletal muscle and smooth muscle

Front 16

Characterize the distal 1/3 of the muscularis externa of the esophagus

Back 16

Contains only smooth muscle

Front 17

Describe the location of Auerbach's (myenteric) nerve plexus in the esophagus

Back 17

Between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa

Front 18

Describe the outermost layer of the esophagus

Back 18

Except for the abdominal portion, comnposed of adventitia (loose connective tissue)

Front 19

Compare the oral cavity to the rest of the GI tract

Back 19

Layers have the same names, but histological aspects are completely different

Front 20

What is the oral epithelium derived from?

Back 20

ectoderm

Front 21

Name 3 differences between the oral cavity and the rest of the GI tract

Back 21

1) muscularis mucosa isn't present in the oral cavity
2) muscularis externa is composed of extrinsic muscles rather than intrinsic
3) nerve plexuses do not extend into the oral cavity

Front 22

Describe the muscularis mucosa in the oral cavity

Back 22

Absent, no clear demarcation between the lamina propria and the submucosa

Front 23

Describe the muscularis externa of the oral cavity

Back 23

Extrinsic muscles (muscles of the face, lingual muscles, etc) as opposed to intrinsic muscles

Front 24

Describe the innervation of the oral cavity

Back 24

Nerve plexuses do not extend into oral cavity, innervation is more of that of the skin

Front 25

Describe the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity

Back 25

For the most part, stratified squamous, although some areas of keratinization do occur

Front 26

Where is the epithelium in the oral cavity keratinized?

Back 26

Hard palate, gingiva, superior surface of the tongue

Front 27

Describe the lamina propria and submucosa of the oral cavity

Back 27

consist of intermediate connective tissue, not easily distinguishable between the two layers

Front 28

What are the minor salivary glands?

Back 28

submucosal glands that are located in the deep part of the lamina propria and submucosa

Front 29

Describe the minor salivary glands

Back 29

mucous-secreting, with or without serous demilunes

Front 30

Name submucosal glands that produce a serous excretion

Back 30

vonEbner's glands

Front 31

Where are serous-secreting glands (von Ebner's) located?

Back 31

in association with the circumvallate and foliate papillae of the tongue

Front 32

Describe the structure of the tongue

Back 32

Mass of skeletal tissue surrounded by a layer of connnective tissue and epithelium

Front 33

Describe the organization of the tongue muscle

Back 33

skeletal muscle organized in 3 different directions

Front 34

What are papillae?

Back 34

projections on the superior surface of the tongue

Front 35

Name the 4 types of lingual papillae

Back 35

Filiform papillae,
Fungiform papillae
Vallate papillae
Foliate papillae

Front 36

Describe the location of filiform papillae

Back 36

anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Front 37

Describe the shape of Filiform papillae

Back 37

conical

Front 38

What is the covering of the filiform papillae

Back 38

keratinized epithelium

Front 39

Describe the taste buds on the filiform papillae

Back 39

no taste buds present

Front 40

Function of the filiform papillae

Back 40

manipulate food

Front 41

Describe the location of the fungiform papillae

Back 41

scattered among the filiform papillae on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Front 42

Describe the shape of the fungiform papillae

Back 42

mushroom shaped, bulbous cap with a narrow stalk

Front 43

Describe the appearance of fungiform papillae on gross inspection of the tongue

Back 43

little red spots

Front 44

Describe the taste buds on the fungiform papillae

Back 44

few taste buds on the apical surface

Front 45

Describe the appearance of filiform papillae of the tongue on gross inspection

Back 45

fuzzy gray spots

Front 46

Describe the location of the vallate papillae

Back 46

arranged in a V just anterior to the sulcus terminalis

Front 47

Describe the epithelial covering of the fungiform papillae

Back 47

Very thin

Front 48

Describe the structure of the vallate papillae

Back 48

large, with a "moat" encircling the base of the papillae

Front 49

Describe the epithelial covering of the vallate papillae

Back 49

very thick, but tapers off to be very thin in the "moat"

Front 50

Describe the taste buds of the vallate papillae

Back 50

numerous taste buds in the "moat" around the papillae

Front 51

Describe the relationship between serous (von Ebner's) glands and vallate papillae

Back 51

Secrete serous fluid into the "groove" around the papillae presumably to prevent materials from accumulating

Front 52

Describe foliate papillae

Back 52

Not well developed in humans, lateral ridges on the tongue

Front 53

Describe the taste buds on foliate papillae

Back 53

Similar to the vallate papillae, located in groove around base, serous fluid drains into it

Front 54

Location of taste buds

Back 54

Principally on the papillae of the tongue, but also on the epiglottis and the palate

Front 55

Describe the microstructure of taste buds

Back 55

Several ovoid clusters extending from basal lamina to a small taste pore at the lumen

Front 56

Name 3 types of cells located in the taste bud

Back 56

Columnar, basal, progenitor

Front 57

Subdivide the two types of columnar cells within the taste buds

Back 57

Taste receptors and sustentacular cells