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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Connective Tissue Proper
Has 2 subclasses:
1. Loose c.t. (areolar, adipose, and reticular)
2. Dense Connective Tissue (dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic)
Functions of Areolar Connective Tissue
1. Supporting and binding other tissues(the job of the fibers)
2. holding body fluids (the ground substance role)
3. defending against infection (via the cavity of white blood cells and macrophages)
4. storing nutrients as fat (in fat cells)
Areolar Connective Tissue
A type of loose connective tissue.
Fibroblasts
Young, actively mitotic cell that forms the fibers of connective tissue.
Adipose Tissue
-Areolar connective tissue modified to store nutrients;

- A connective tissue consisting chiefly of fat cells.
Adipocytes
An adipose, or fat, cell.
Brown Adipose Tissue
-Contain abundant mitochondra, which use the lipid fuels to heat the bloodstream to warm the body rather then to produce ATP molecules.

-Occurs only in babies who lack the ability to produce body heat
Reticular Connective Tissue
Connective tissue with a fine network of reticular fibers that form the internal supporting framework of lymphoid organs.
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
-One variety of the dense connective tissues, all of which have fibers as there predominant element.
Fibrous Connective Tissues
Another term for Dense Regular C.T.
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Has the same structural elements as the regular variety, howevever the bundles of collagen fibers are much thicker and are arranged irregularly.
Cartilage
White, semiopaque connective tissue
Chondroblasts
Actively mitotic cell of cartilage.
Hyaline Cartilage
The most abundant cartilage type in the body; provides firm support with some pliability.
Articular Cartilage
Hyaline cartilage covering bone ends at movable joints
Epiphyseal Plates
Plate of hyaline cartilage at the junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis that provides for growth in length of a long bone
Elastic Cartilage
Cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline cartilage.
Fibrocartilage
The most compressible type of cartilage; resistant to stretch. Forms vertebral discs and knee joint cartilages.
Bone (Osseous Tissue)
A connective tissue that forms the bony skeleton.
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells
Osteocytes
Mature bone cell.
Osteons
System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone; also called Haversian system.
Blood
-The fluid within blood vessels
-The most atypical connective tissue.
Nervous Tissue
The main component of the nervous sytsem.
Neurons
Cell of the nervous system specialized to generate and transmit electrical signals (action potentials and graded potentials).
Dendrites
Branching neuron process that serves as a receptive, or input, region; transmits an electrical signal toward the cell body.
Axons
Neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell.
Muscle Tissue
Highly cellular, well vascularized tissues that are responsible for most types of body movement.
Myofilaments
Filament that constitutes myofibrils. Of two types: actin and myosin.
Actin
A contractile protein of muscle.
Myosin
One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle.
Skeletal Muscle Tissues
Packaged by C.T. sheets into organs called skeletal muscles that are attached to the bones of the skeleton.
Muscle Fibers
A muscle cell.
Striated
-Banded;

-Having parallel lines or grooves on the surface
Cardiac Muscle
Found only in the wall of the heart. Its Contractions help propel blood through blood vessels to all parts of the body.
Intercalated Disks
Specialized connections between myocardial cells containing gap junctions and desmosomes.
Smooth Muscle
Spindle-shaped cells with one centrally located nucleus and no externally visible striations (bands). Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs.
Voluntary Muscle
Muscle under strict nervous control; skeletal muscle.
Involuntary Muscle
Muscle that cannot ordinarily be controlled voluntarily (e.g., smooth and cardiac muscle)
Cutaneous Membranes
Pertaining to the skin;

An organ system consisting of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium(epidermis) firmly attached to a thick layer of dense irregular c.t. (dermis)
Mucous Membranes
Membranes that form the linings of body cavities open to the exterior (digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts).
Serous Membranes
-aka serosa

-The moist membrane found in closed ventral body cavities.
Pleura
Membranes that form the linings of body cavities open to the exterior (digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts).
Pericardium
Double-layered sac enclosing the heart and forming its superficial layer; has fibrous and serous layers.
Peritoneums
Serous membrane lining the interior of the abdominal cavity and covering the surfaces of abdominal organs.
Steps of Tissue Repair
1. Inflammation sets the stage
2. Organization restores the blood supply.
3. Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair.
Primary Germ Layer
-One of the 1st events of the embryonic development.

-Lie one atop the next like a 3 layered cellular pancake

-From superficial to deep: Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Ectoderm
Embryonic germ layer; forms the epidermis of the skin and its derivatives, and nervous tissues.
Mesoderm
Primary germ layer that forms the skeleton and muscles of the body.
Endoderm
Embryonic germ layer; forms the lining of the digestive tube and its associated structures.
_________ is always found in Cartilage.
Chondryocytes
Chondrocytes lie in the ________ of Hyaline Cartilage tissue.
Lacunaue